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Yang K, Wu Y, Wang W, Chen W, Si C, Yao H, Wang Z, Lv L, Yang Z, Yu Y, Li J, Wu X, Han M, Wang Y, Wang H. Stretchable, flexible fabric heater based on carbon nanotubes and water polyurethane nanocomposites by wet spinning process. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:125706. [PMID: 38108219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Wearable heaters are essential for people living in cold regions, but creating heaters that are low-cost, lightweight, and high air permeability poses challenges. In this study, we developed a wearable heater using carbon nanotube/water polyurethane (CNT/WPU) nanocomposite fibers that achieve high extension rate and conductivity. We produced low-cost and mass-produced fibers using the wet spinning. With heat treatment, we increased the elongation rate of the fibers to 1893.8% and decreased the resistivity to 0.07 Ω*m. then wove the fibers into a heating fabric using warp knitting, that resistance is 493 Ω. Achieved a uniform temperature of 58 °C at voltage of 36 V, with a thermal stability fluctuation of -5.0 °C to +6.3 °C when bent from 0° to 360°. Our results show that wearable heaters have excellent flexibility and stretchability, due to nanocomposite fibers and special braided structure, which offer a novel idea for wearable heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yajin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- Flow Meter Branch, Chongqing Chuanyi Automation Co., Ltd, No.61 Middle Huangshan Avenue, North New Area, Chongqing 401123, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanliang Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Luying Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangtao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Xulei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghong Han
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, No.70 Heping Road, Weihai 264200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
| | - Huatao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, 2 West Wenhua Road, Weihai 264209, People's Republic of China
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Martinez-Diaz D, Espeute E, Jiménez-Suárez A, Prolongo SG. Electrical and Joule Heating Capabilities of Multifunctional Coatings based on Recycled Carbon Fiber from Prepreg Scrap. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46548-46559. [PMID: 38107928 PMCID: PMC10720300 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The continuous growth in the use of preimpregnated semielaborated products to manufacture continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polymer parts has led the industry to face an important challenge in the management of the prepreg scrap, as the amount of waste produced can reach almost 75% due to the inefficiency of the cutting phase. In this context, this industry is pushed to move toward a circular economy approach by conferring a new use to their waste. The main problem arises from the fact that shortening carbon fiber leads to nonefficient mechanical reinforcement and that other thermal or chemical recycling approaches are environmentally hazardous. In this work, mechanical recycling of carbon fiber prepregs from expired virgin prepregs or scrap from an automated manufacturing operation is proposed as an economical and environmentally efficient method to obtain multifunctional coatings with Joule effect heating capabilities, which are demanded by different industries as a high-value product. As a coating, mechanical performance is not so relevant; nevertheless, obtaining high electrical conductivity by the incorporation of proper size and distributed short recycled carbon fiber can lead to a self-heating coating that could be used for anti- and deicing purposes or any other thermally activated function with very low power consumption. In this way, electrical conductivities up to 2 S/m were obtained, which allowed for achieving temperatures of 200 °C by the Joule effect in all samples in less than 17 s by the application of voltages below 48 V for bulk materials and 100 V for the coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martinez-Diaz
- Materials
Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos
University, Móstoles 28933, Spain
| | - Emma Espeute
- Materials
Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos
University, Móstoles 28933, Spain
- Centrale
Lille Institut—École Nationale Supérieure de
Chimie de Lille, ENSCL, Villeneuve-d’Ascq 59651, France
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Suárez
- Materials
Science and Engineering Area, Rey Juan Carlos
University, Móstoles 28933, Spain
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Jafari B, Botte GG. Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Fabrics for Joule-Heating and Antibacterial Applications. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:20006-20017. [PMID: 37969783 PMCID: PMC10644289 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c03825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional textiles have emerged as a significant area of research due to their growing importance and diverse applications. The main requirement for these fabrics is electroconductivity, which is usually gained by incorporating conductive materials such as graphene into the textile structure. In this article, an electrochemical method was demonstrated to integrate different loadings of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into fabrics for enhanced electrical conductivity. The process involves spray coating of graphene oxide (GO) onto the fabric, followed by in situ electrochemical reduction of GO, resulting in a coating layer of rGO nanosheets. The rGO-coated fabric exhibited exceptional Joule-heating capabilities, achieving 127 °C under a 9 V direct voltage with only 770 μg/cm2 of rGO loading. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of the rGO-coated fabric were demonstrated, showing a significant reduction rate of over 99.99% against both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Joule-heating and antibacterial performances of the rGO-coated fabric were investigated over eight repeated cycles, demonstrating excellent repeatability. The simplicity of the fabrication method, along with the electrothermal and antibacterial effects of the rGO-coated fabric, makes it a promising material for various practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Jafari
- Institute for Sustainability
and Circular Economy, Chemical and Electrochemical Technology and
Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79401, United States
| | - Gerardine G. Botte
- Institute for Sustainability
and Circular Economy, Chemical and Electrochemical Technology and
Innovation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79401, United States
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Arruda LM, Moreira IP, Sanivada UK, Carvalho H, Fangueiro R. Development of Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Graphene Nanoplatelets Screen-Printed on Woven and Knitted Fabrics: Optimisation of Active Layer Formulation and Transversal/Longitudinal Textile Direction. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155185. [PMID: 35897616 PMCID: PMC9369725 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although the force/pressure applied onto a textile substrate through a uniaxial compression is constant and independent of the yarn direction, it should be noted that such mechanical action causes a geometric change in the substrate, which can be identified by the reduction in its lateral thickness. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the fabric orientation on both knitted and woven pressure sensors, in order to generate knowledge for a better design process during textile piezoresistive sensor development. For this purpose, these distinct textile structures were doped with different concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), using the screen-printing technique. The chemical and physical properties of these screen-printed fabrics were analysed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Ground State Diffuse Reflectance and Raman Spectroscopy. Samples were subjected to tests determining linear electrical surface resistance and piezoresistive behaviour. In the results, a higher presence of conductive material was found in woven structures. For the doped samples, the electrical resistance varied between 105 Ω and 101 Ω, for the GNPs’ percentage increase. The lowest resistance value was observed for the woven fabric with 15% GNPs (3.67 ± 8.17 × 101 Ω). The samples showed different electrical behaviour according to the fabric orientation. Overall, greater sensitivity in the longitudinal direction and a lower coefficient of variation CV% of the measurement was identified in the transversal direction, coursewise for knitted and weftwise for woven fabrics. The woven fabric doped with 5% GNPs assembled in the weftwise direction was shown to be the most indicated for a piezoresistive sensor, due to its most uniform response and most accurate measure of mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M. Arruda
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Inês P. Moreira
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Usha Kiran Sanivada
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Helder Carvalho
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.P.M.); (U.K.S.); (H.C.); (R.F.)
- Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fibre-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
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Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical, Crystallization, Electrical and Thermal Conductivity Properties of CNT/CCF/PEKK Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144950. [PMID: 35888415 PMCID: PMC9316065 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube/continuous carbon fiber–reinforced poly(etherketoneketone) (CNT/CCF/PEKK) prepreg tapes were prepared by the wet powder impregnation method, and then the prepreg tapes were molded into laminates. The effects of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties, conductivity, thermal conductivity and crystallinity of the composites were studied by universal testing machine, thermal conductivity and resistivity tester, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results show that when the content of carbon nanotubes is 0.5 wt% (relative to the mass of PEKK resin, the same below), the flexural strength and interlaminar shear strength of the laminates reach the maximum, which are increased by 15.99% and 18.16%, respectively, compared with the laminates without carbon nanotubes. The results of conductivity and thermal conductivity show that the higher the content of carbon nanotubes, the better the conductivity and thermal conductivity of the material. DSC results show that the addition of CNT promoted the crystallization of PEKK in the material and decreased the cold crystallization of PEKK. DMA results show that the deformation resistance of the material can be improved by adding an appropriate amount of CNT and the bonding between CF and PEKK can be enhanced, while excessive CNT destroys this phenomenon.
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