1
|
Cassari L, Zamuner A, Messina GML, Marsotto M, Chang HC, Coward T, Battocchio C, Iucci G, Marletta G, Di Silvio L, Dettin M. Strategies for the Covalent Anchoring of a BMP-2-Mimetic Peptide to PEEK Surface for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103869. [PMID: 37241496 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Researchers in the field of tissue engineering are always searching for new scaffolds for bone repair. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a chemically inert polymer that is insoluble in conventional solvents. PEEK's great potential in tissue engineering applications arises from its ability to not induce adverse reactions when in contact with biological tissues and its mechanical properties, which are similar to those of human bone. These exceptional features are limited by the bio-inertness of PEEK, which causes poor osteogenesis on the implant surface. Here, we demonstrated that the covalent grafting of the sequence (48-69) mapped on the BMP-2 growth factor (GBMP1α) significantly enhances the mineralization and gene expression of human osteoblasts. Different chemical methods were employed for covalently grafting the peptide onto 3D-printed PEEK disks: (a) the reaction between PEEK carbonyls and amino-oxy groups inserted in the peptides' N-terminal sites (oxime chemistry) and (b) the photoactivation of azido groups present in the peptides' N-terminal sites, which produces nitrene radicals able to react with PEEK surface. The peptide-induced PEEK surface modification was assessed using X-ray photoelectron measurements, while the superficial properties of the functionalized material were analyzed by means of atomic force microscopy and force spectroscopy. Live and dead assays and SEM measurements showed greater cell cover on functionalized samples than the control, without any cytotoxicity induction. Moreover, functionalization improved the rate of cell proliferation and the amount of calcium deposits, as demonstrated by the AlamarBlue™ and alizarin red results, respectively. The effects of GBMP1α on h-osteoblast gene expression were assayed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cassari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Lucia Messina
- Laboratory for Molecular Surface and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Marsotto
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Hao-Chen Chang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Trevor Coward
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory for Molecular Surface and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zamuner A, Zeni E, Elsayed H, Di Foggia M, Taddei P, Pasquato A, Di Silvio L, Bernardo E, Brun P, Dettin M. Proteolytically Resistant Bioactive Peptide-Grafted Sr/Mg-Doped Hardystonite Foams: Comparison of Two Covalent Functionalization Strategies. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020185. [PMID: 37218771 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hardystonite-based (HT) bioceramic foams were easily obtained via thermal treatment of silicone resins and reactive oxide fillers in air. By using a commercial silicone, incorporating strontium oxide and magnesium oxide precursors (as well as CaO and ZnO), and treating it at 1100 °C, a complex solid solution (Ca1.4Sr0.6Zn0.85Mg0.15Si2O7) that has superior biocompatibility and bioactivity properties compared to pure hardystonite (Ca2ZnSi2O7) can be obtained. Proteolytic-resistant adhesive peptide mapped on vitronectin (D2HVP), was selectively grafted to Sr/Mg-doped HT foams using two different strategies. Unfortunately, the first method (via protected peptide) was unsuitable for acid-sensitive materials such as Sr/Mg-doped HT, resulting in the release of cytotoxic levels of Zinc over time, with consequent negative cellular response. To overcome this unexpected result, a novel functionalization strategy requiring aqueous solution and mild conditions was designed. Sr/Mg-doped HT functionalized with this second strategy (via aldehyde peptide) showed a dramatic increase in human osteoblast proliferation at 6 days compared to only silanized or non-functionalized samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the functionalization treatment does not induce any cytotoxicity. Functionalized foams enhanced mRNA-specific transcript levels coding IBSP, VTN, RUNX2, and SPP1 at 2 days post-seeding. In conclusion, the second functionalization strategy proved to be appropriate for this specific biomaterial and was effective at enhancing the material's bioactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annj Zamuner
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Zeni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Hamada Elsayed
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Di Foggia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Taddei
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Pasquato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Enrico Bernardo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bi Z, Shi X, Liao S, Li X, Sun C, Liu J. Strategies of immobilizing BMP-2 with 3D-printed scaffolds to improve osteogenesis. Regen Med 2023; 18:425-441. [PMID: 37125508 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The management and definitive treatment of critical-size bone defects in severe trauma, tumor resection and congenital malformation are troublesome for orthopedic surgeons and patients worldwide without recognized good treatment strategies. Researchers and clinicians are working to develop new strategies to treat these problems. This review aims to summarize the techniques used by additive manufacturing scaffolds loaded with BMP-2 to promote osteogenesis and to analyze the current status and trends in relevant clinical translation. Optimize composite scaffold design to enhance bone regeneration through printing technology, material selection, structure design and loading methods of BMP-2 to advance the clinical therapeutic bone repair field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xiaotong Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Shiyu Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Covalently Grafted Peptides to Decellularized Pericardium: Modulation of Surface Density. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032932. [PMID: 36769254 PMCID: PMC9917601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of synthetic peptides allows the modification of different biomaterials (metallic, polymeric, and ceramic), which are enriched with biologically active sequences to guide cell behavior. Recently, this strategy has also been applied to decellularized biological matrices. In this study, the covalent anchorage of a synthetic peptide (REDV) to a pericardial matrix decellularized via Schiff base is realized starting from concentrated peptide solutions (10-4 M and 10-3 M). The use of a labeled peptide demonstrated that as the concentration of the working solution increased, the surface density of the anchored peptide increased as well. These data are essential to pinpointing the concentration window in which the peptide promotes the desired cellular activity. The matrices were extensively characterized by Water Contact Angle (WCA) analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis, geometric feature evaluation, biomechanical tests, and preliminary in vitro bioassays.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cassari L, Zamuner A, Messina GML, Marsotto M, Chen H, Gonnella G, Coward T, Battocchio C, Huang J, Iucci G, Marletta G, Di Silvio L, Dettin M. Bioactive PEEK: Surface Enrichment of Vitronectin-Derived Adhesive Peptides. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020246. [PMID: 36830615 PMCID: PMC9953662 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a thermoplastic polymer that has been recently employed for bone tissue engineering as a result of its biocompatibility and mechanical properties being comparable to human bone. PEEK, however, is a bio-inert material and, when implanted, does not interact with the host tissues, resulting in poor integration. In this work, the surfaces of 3D-printed PEEK disks were functionalized with: (i) an adhesive peptide reproducing [351-359] h-Vitronectin sequence (HVP) and (ii) HVP retro-inverted dimer (D2HVP), that combines the bioactivity of the native sequence (HVP) with the stability toward proteolytic degradation. Both sequences were designed to be anchored to the polymer surface through specific covalent bonds via oxime chemistry. All functionalized PEEK samples were characterized by Water Contact Angle (WCA) measurements, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to confirm the peptide enrichment. The biological results showed that both peptides were able to increase cell proliferation at 3 and 21 days. D2HVP functionalized PEEK resulted in an enhanced proliferation across all time points investigated with higher calcium deposition and more elongated cell morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cassari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Grazia M. L. Messina
- Laboratory for Molecular Surface and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Marsotto
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Giovanni Gonnella
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Trevor Coward
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Chiara Battocchio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Giovanna Iucci
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Via della Vasca Navale 79, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marletta
- Laboratory for Molecular Surface and Nanotechnology (LAMSUN), Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania and CSGI, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8275553
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang X, Xiong S, Zhou J, Zhang Y, He H, Chen P, Li C, Wang Q, Shao Z, Wang L. Coating of manganese functional polyetheretherketone implants for osseous interface integration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1182187. [PMID: 37207123 PMCID: PMC10191212 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1182187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has been used extensively in biomedical engineering and it is highly desirable for PEEK implant to possess the ability to promote cell growth and significant osteogenic properties and consequently stimulate bone regeneration. In this study, a manganese modified PEEK implant (PEEK-PDA-Mn) was fabricated via polydopamine chemical treatment. The results showed that manganese was successfully immobilized on PEEK surface, and the surface roughness and hydrophilicity significantly improved after surface modification. Cell experiments in vitro demonstrated that the PEEK-PDA-Mn possesses superior cytocompatibility in cell adhesion and spread. Moreover, the osteogenic properties of PEEK-PDA-Mn were proved by the increased expression of osteogenic genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and mineralization in vitro. Further rat femoral condyle defect model was utilized to assess bone formation ability of different PEEK implants in vivo. The results revealed that the PEEK-PDA-Mn group promoted bone tissue regeneration in defect area. Taken together, the simple immersing method can modify the surface of PEEK, giving outstanding biocompatibility and enhanced bone tissue regeneration ability to the modified PEEK, which could be applied as an orthopedic implant in clinical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Shouliang Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinchang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Huazheng He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Pingbo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Congming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang, ; Zhiqiang Shao, ; Lei Wang,
| | - Zhiqiang Shao
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang, ; Zhiqiang Shao, ; Lei Wang,
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Wang, ; Zhiqiang Shao, ; Lei Wang,
| |
Collapse
|