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Josyula T, Kumar Malla L, Thomas TM, Kalichetty SS, Sinha Mahapatra P, Pattamatta A. Fundamentals and Applications of Surface Wetting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8293-8326. [PMID: 38587490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In an era defined by an insatiable thirst for sustainable energy solutions, responsible water management, and cutting-edge lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, surface wettability plays a pivotal role in these fields. The seamless integration of fundamental research and the following demonstration of applications on these groundbreaking technologies hinges on manipulating fluid through surface wettability, significantly optimizing performance, enhancing efficiency, and advancing overall sustainability. This Review explores the behavior of liquids when they engage with engineered surfaces, delving into the far-reaching implications of these interactions in various applications. Specifically, we explore surface wetting, dissecting it into three distinctive facets. First, we delve into the fundamental principles that underpin surface wetting. Next, we navigate the intricate liquid-surface interactions, unraveling the complex interplay of various fluid dynamics, as well as heat- and mass-transport mechanisms. Finally, we report on the practical realm, where we scrutinize the myriad applications of these principles in everyday processes and real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi Josyula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Laxman Kumar Malla
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswar 751029, India
| | - Tibin M Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Arvind Pattamatta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Griffo R, Di Natale F, Minale M, Sirignano M, Parisi A, Carotenuto C. Analysis of Carbon Nanoparticle Coatings via Wettability. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:301. [PMID: 38334572 PMCID: PMC10856743 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Wettability, typically estimated through the contact angle, is a fundamental property of surfaces with wide-ranging implications in both daily life and industrial processes. Recent scientific interest has been paid to the surfaces exhibiting extreme wettability: superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces, characterized by high water repellency and exceptional water wetting, respectively. Both chemical composition and morphology play a role in the determination of the wettability "performance" of a surface. To tune surface-wetting properties, we considered coatings of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) in this study. They are a new class of nanomaterials synthesized in flames whose chemistry, dimension, and shape depend on combustion conditions. For the first time, we systematically studied the wettability of CNP coatings produced in a controlled rich ethylene/air flame stabilized over a McKenna burner. A selected substrate was intermittently inserted in the flame at 15 mm above the burner to form a thin coating thanks to a thermophoretic-driven deposition mechanism. The chemical-physical quality and the deposed quantity of the CNPs were varied by opportunely combing the substrate flame insertion number (from 1 to 256) and the carbon-to-oxygen ratio, C/O (from 0.67 to 0.87). The wettability of the coatings was evaluated by measuring the contact angle, CA, with the sessile drop method. When the C/O = 0.67, the CNPs were nearly spherical, smaller than 8 nm, and always generated hydrophilic coatings (CA < 35°). At higher C/O ratios, the CNPs reached dimensions of 100 nm, and fractal shape aggregates were formed. In this case, either hydrophilic (CA < 76°) or superhydrophobic (CA ~166°) behavior was observed, depending on the number of carbon nanoparticles deposed, i.e., film thickness. It is known that wettability is susceptible to liquid surface tension, and therefore, tests were conducted with different fluids to establish a correlation between the flame conditions and the nanostructure of the film. This method offers a fast and simple approach to determining mesoscale information for coating roughness and topographical homogeneity/inhomogeneity of their surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Griffo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81031 Aversa (Caserta), Italy;
| | - Francesco Di Natale
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Mario Minale
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81031 Aversa (Caserta), Italy;
| | - Mariano Sirignano
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Arianna Parisi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80125 Napoli, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Claudia Carotenuto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università della Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81031 Aversa (Caserta), Italy;
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Fabien A, Lefebvre G, Badens E, Calvignac B, Chaudanson D, Ranguis A, Crampon C. Contact angle of ethanol, water, and their mixtures on stainless steel surfaces in dense carbon dioxide. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 655:535-545. [PMID: 37952457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.10.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Contact angle can be a key parameter in chemical engineering. However, the development and the optimization of numerous processes using supercritical CO2, considered as environmentally friendly, require new measurements under dense CO2 atmosphere. Besides, the influence of the roughness or the wetting regime on the contact angle is known at ambient conditions but remains to be discussed for systems under high pressure. EXPERIMENTAL Contact angle measurements of ethanol, water, and their mixtures, with ethanol mass fractions ranging from 0.25 to 0.75, on two stainless steels in saturated CO2 at pressures ranging from 0.1 MPa to 15.1 MPa, and at313 K and 333 K were carried out in a set-up improving mass transfer between the studied liquid and the continuous fluid phase. Stainless steel surfaces have been characterized by atomic force and scanning electron microscopies allowing the application of the Wenzel equation. FINDINGS Ethanol wetted totally both stainless steels while contact angles of all other liquids were increased by the rise of pressure, with contact angles up to 128° for water at 15.1 MPa. Trapped bubbles were observed at the solid/liquid interface and the bubble formation is discussed. Furthermore, the potential influence of bubble presence on the wetting regime is prospected through the question: could the pressure rise modify the wetting regime?
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Fabien
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Elisabeth Badens
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France.
| | - Brice Calvignac
- Univ Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
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Antonini C, D’Arienzo M, Ferrari M, Diamanti MV. Advanced Self-Cleaning Surfaces. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:537. [PMID: 38591399 PMCID: PMC10856757 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobicity, olephobicity, hemophobicity, amphiphobicity, omniphobicity, icephobicity [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Antonini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Massimiliano D’Arienzo
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy; (C.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Michele Ferrari
- Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, National Research Council, CNR-ICMATE, 16149 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Maria Vittoria Diamanti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
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Gao P, MacKay I, Gruber A, Krantz J, Piccolo L, Lucchetta G, Pelaccia R, Orazi L, Masato D. Wetting Characteristics of Laser-Ablated Hierarchical Textures Replicated by Micro Injection Molding. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:863. [PMID: 37421096 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Texturing can be used to functionalize the surface of plastic parts and, in particular, to modify the interaction with fluids. Wetting functionalization can be used for microfluidics, medical devices, scaffolds, and more. In this research, hierarchical textures were generated on steel mold inserts using femtosecond laser ablation to transfer on plastic parts surface via injection molding. Different textures were designed to study the effects of various hierarchical geometries on the wetting behavior. The textures are designed to create wetting functionalization while avoiding high aspect ratio features, which are complex to replicate and difficult to manufacture at scale. Nano-scale ripples were generated over the micro-scale texture by creating laser-induced periodic surface structures. The textured molds were then replicated by micro-injection molding using polypropylene and poly(methyl methacrylate). The static wetting behavior was investigated on steel inserts and molded parts and compared to the theoretical values obtained from the Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel models. The experimental results showed correlations between texture design, injection molding replication, and wetting properties. The wetting behavior on the polypropylene parts followed the Cassie-Baxter model, while for PMMA, a composite wetting state of Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Plastics Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ian MacKay
- Plastics Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Andrea Gruber
- Plastics Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Joshua Krantz
- Plastics Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Leonardo Piccolo
- Plastics Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucchetta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pelaccia
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Orazi
- Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- EN&TECH, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Masato
- Plastics Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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