1
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Gunes BA, Kirlangic OF, Kilic M, Sunguroglu A, Ozgurtas T, Sezginer EK, Boyacioglu B, Unver H, Yildiz M. Palladium Metal Nanocomposites Based on PEI-Functionalized Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Characterization, Density Functional Theory Modeling, and Cell Cycle Arrest Effects on Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13342-13358. [PMID: 38524449 PMCID: PMC10956410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the synthesis, characterization, density functional theory calculations (DFT), and effect of polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (PEI N-GQDs) and their palladium metal nanoparticles nanocomposites (PdNPs/PEI N-GQDs) on cancer cells were extensively investigated. The focus also includes investigating their cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on ovarian cancer cells, which pose a serious risk to women's health and have high death rates from delayed diagnosis, inadequate response to treatment, and decreased survival. Graphene quantum dots and their palladium nanocomposites were differentially effective against ovarian cancer cell lines. In particular, the smaller particle size and morphology of PdNPs/PEI N-GQDs nanocomposites compared with PEI N-GQDs probably enhance their activity through highly improved uptake by cells. These findings emphasize the importance of particle size in composite drugs for efficient cancer treatment. DFT results revealed that the Pd-containing nanocomposite, with a smaller highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap, exhibited higher reactivity and anticancer effects in human ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR-3. Significantly, the application of nanocomposites to ovarian cancer cells initiated apoptosis, offering valuable insights into the intricate interplay between nanomaterials and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Altinok Gunes
- Vocational
School of Health Services, Ankara University, Ankara 06290, Turkiye
| | | | - Murat Kilic
- Vocational
School of Health Services, Ankara University, Ankara 06290, Turkiye
| | - Asuman Sunguroglu
- Department
of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06620, Turkiye
| | - Taner Ozgurtas
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry, Gulhane School of Medicine, University of Health Sciencies, Ankara 06018, Turkiye
| | - Ecem Kaya Sezginer
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara
University, Ankara 06100, Turkiye
| | - Bahadir Boyacioglu
- Vocational
School of Health Services, Ankara University, Ankara 06290, Turkiye
| | - Huseyin Unver
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Yildiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Canakkale
Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17100, Turkiye
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2
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Ratre P, Nazeer N, Soni N, Kaur P, Tiwari R, Mishra PK. Smart carbon-based sensors for the detection of non-coding RNAs associated with exposure to micro(nano)plastics: an artificial intelligence perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8429-8452. [PMID: 38182954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants that individuals eventually consume. Despite this, little is known about MNP's impact on public health. In this article, we assess the evidence for potentially harmful consequences of MNPs in the human body, concentrating on molecular toxicity and exposure routes. Since MNPs are present in various consumer products, foodstuffs, and the air we breathe, exposure can occur through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. MNPs exposure can cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammatory lesions, and epigenetic modifications, releasing specific non-coding RNAs in circulation, which can be detected to diagnose non-communicable diseases. This article examines the most fascinating smart carbon-based nanobiosensors for detecting circulating non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs and microRNAs). Carbon-based smart nanomaterials offer many advantages over traditional methods, such as ease of use, sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency, for capturing non-coding RNAs. In particular, the synthetic methods, conjugation chemistries, doping, and in silico approach for the characterization of synthesized carbon nanodots and their adaptability to identify and measure non-coding RNAs associated with MNPs exposure is discussed. Furthermore, the article provides insights into the use of artificial intelligence tools for designing smart carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ratre
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nazim Nazeer
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nikita Soni
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Prasan Kaur
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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3
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Mai S, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles and Organoids: A Prospective Advanced Model for Pancreatic Cancer Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1066. [PMID: 38256139 PMCID: PMC10817028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, notorious for its grim 10% five-year survival rate, poses significant clinical challenges, largely due to late-stage diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. This review delves into the generation of organoids, including those derived from resected tissues, biopsies, pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells, as well as the advancements in 3D printing. It explores the complexities of the tumor microenvironment, emphasizing culture media, the integration of non-neoplastic cells, and angiogenesis. Additionally, the review examines the multifaceted properties of graphene oxide (GO), such as its mechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, and optical attributes, and their implications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. GO's unique properties facilitate its interaction with tumors, allowing targeted drug delivery and enhanced imaging for early detection and treatment. The integration of GO with 3D cultured organoid systems, particularly in pancreatic cancer research, is critically analyzed, highlighting current limitations and future potential. This innovative approach has the promise to transform personalized medicine, improve drug screening efficiency, and aid biomarker discovery in this aggressive disease. Through this review, we offer a balanced perspective on the advancements and future prospects in pancreatic cancer research, harnessing the potential of organoids and GO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
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4
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Huang X, Luo X, Yan M, Chen H, Zuo H, Xu K, Ma J, Dou L, Shen T, Huang MH. Better biocompatibility of nitrogen-doped graphene compared with graphene oxide by reducing cell autophagic flux blockage and cell apoptosis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:121-138. [PMID: 37819169 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped graphene (C2 N), a novel graphene-based materials, has been proposed as a potential alternative to graphene oxide (GO) in biomedical applications. However, due to the challenges in synthesizing C2 N, reports in the biomedical field are currently rare. Here, we have modified the reported procedure and successfully synthesized C2 N nanoparticles at 120°C, which we refer to as C2 N-120. The toxicity and biocompatibility of GO and C2 N-120 were evaluated using a mouse model injected with GO/C2 N-120 via the tail vein, as well as cell models treated with GO/C2 N-120. In vivo studies revealed that GO/C2 N-120 showed similar distribution patterns after tail vein injection. The liver, spleen, and lung are the major nanoparticle uptake organs of GO and C2 N-120. However, GO deposition in the major nanoparticle uptake organs was more significant than that of C2 N-120. In addition, GO deposition caused structural abnormalities, increased apoptotic cells, and enhanced macrophage infiltration whereas C2 N-120 exhibited fewer adverse effects. In vitro experiments were conducted using different cell lines treated with GO/C2 N-120. Unlike GO which induced mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagic flux blockage and cell apoptosis, C2 N-120 showed lower cytotoxicity in cell models. Our data demonstrated that C2 N-120 exhibits higher biocompatibility than GO, both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting its potential for biomedical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xiansheng Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjing Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyan Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Mu-Hua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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5
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Valimukhametova AR, Lee BH, Topkiran UC, Gries K, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Coffer JL, Akkaraju G, Naumov A. Cancer Therapeutic siRNA Delivery and Imaging by Nitrogen- and Neodymium-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:3425-3434. [PMID: 37255435 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology has become a powerful tool that can enable cancer-specific gene therapy, its translation to the clinic is still hampered by the inability of the genes alone to cell transfection, poor siRNA stability in blood, and the lack of delivery tracking capabilities. Recently, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a novel platform allowing targeted drug delivery and fluorescence image tracking in visible and near-infrared regions. These capabilities can aid in overcoming primary obstacles to siRNA therapeutics. Here, for the first time, we utilize biocompatible nitrogen- and neodymium-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs and Nd-NGQDs, respectively) for the delivery of Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) siRNA effective against a variety of cancer types. GQDs loaded with siRNA noncovalently facilitate successful siRNA transfection into HeLa cells, confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy at biocompatible GQD concentrations of 375 μg/mL. While the GQD platform provides visible fluorescence tracking, Nd doping enables deeper-tissue near-infrared fluorescence imaging suitable for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The therapeutic efficacy of the GQD/siRNA complex is verified by successful protein knockdown in HeLa cells at nanomolar siEGFR and siKRAS concentrations. A range of GQD/siRNA loading ratios and payloads are tested to ultimately provide substantial inhibition of protein expression down to 31-45%, comparable with conventional Lipofectamine-mediated delivery. This demonstrates the promising potential of GQDs for the nontoxic delivery of siRNA and genes in general, complemented by multiwavelength image tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina R Valimukhametova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, Texas, United States
| | - Bong Han Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, Texas, United States
| | - Ugur C Topkiran
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, Texas, United States
| | - Klara Gries
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | | | - Jeffery L Coffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, Texas, United States
| | - Giridhar Akkaraju
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, Texas, United States
| | - Anton Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth 76129, Texas, United States
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6
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Yamada R, Tsuboi J, Murashima Y, Tanaka T, Nose K, Nakagawa H. Advances in the Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Premalignant Pancreatic Lesions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1687. [PMID: 37371782 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human malignancies, in part because it is often diagnosed at late stages when surgery and systemic therapies are either unfeasible or ineffective. Therefore, diagnosing pancreatic cancer in earlier stages is important for effective treatment. However, because the signs and symptoms may be nonspecific and not apparent until the disease is at a late stage, the timely diagnoses of pancreatic cancer can be difficult to achieve. Recent studies have shown that selective screening and increased usage of biomarkers could improve the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in the early detection of pancreatic ductal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. These include innovations in imaging modalities, the diagnostic utility of various biomarkers, biopsy techniques, and population-based surveillance approaches. Additionally, we discuss how machine learning methods are being applied to develop integrated methods of identifying individuals at high risk of developing pancreatic disease. In the future, the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients could be improved by the development and adoption of these new methods and techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yumi Murashima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kenji Nose
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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7
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Lee B, Stokes GA, Valimukhametova A, Nguyen S, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Bhaloo A, Coffer J, Naumov AV. Automated Approach to In Vitro Image-Guided Photothermal Therapy with Top-Down and Bottom-Up-Synthesized Graphene Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:805. [PMID: 36903683 PMCID: PMC10005083 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have been the subject of interest for photothermal therapy due to their high light-to-heat conversion efficiency. Based on recent studies, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are expected to possess advantageous photothermal properties and facilitate fluorescence image-tracking in the visible and near-infrared (NIR), while surpassing other graphene-based materials in their biocompatibility. Several GQD structures including reduced graphene quantum dots (RGQDs) derived from reduced graphene oxide via top-down oxidation and hyaluronic acid graphene quantum dots (HGQDs) hydrothermally bottom-up synthesized from molecular hyaluronic acid were employed to test these capabilities in the present work. These GQDs possess substantial NIR absorption and fluorescence throughout the visible and NIR beneficial for in vivo imaging while being biocompatible at up to 1.7 mg/mL concentrations. In aqueous suspensions, RGQDs and HGQDs irradiated with a low power (0.9 W/cm2) 808 nm NIR laser facilitate a temperature increase up to 47.0 °C, which is sufficient for cancer tumor ablation. In vitro photothermal experiments sampling multiple conditions directly in the 96-well plate were performed using an automated simultaneous irradiation/measurement system developed on the basis of a 3D printer. In this study, HGQDs and RGQDs facilitated the heating of HeLa cancer cells up to 54.5 °C, leading to the drastic inhibition of cell viability from over 80% down to 22.9%. GQD's fluorescence in the visible and NIR traces their successful internalization into HeLa cells maximized at 20 h suggesting both extracellular and intracellular photothermal treatment capabilities. The combination of the photothermal and imaging modalities tested in vitro makes the GQDs developed in this work prospective agents for cancer theragnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Gretel A. Stokes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Alina Valimukhametova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Steven Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | | | - Adam Bhaloo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Jeffery Coffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | - Anton V. Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
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8
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Castro KPR, Colombo RNP, Iost RM, da Silva BGR, Crespilho FN. Low-dimensionality carbon-based biosensors: the new era of emerging technologies in bioanalytical chemistry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04578-x. [PMID: 36757464 PMCID: PMC9909134 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the last decade, carbon nanomaterials have had a notable impact on different fields such as bioimaging, drug delivery, artificial tissue engineering, and biosensors. This is due to their good compatibility toward a wide range of chemical to biological molecules, low toxicity, and tunable properties. Especially for biosensor technology, the characteristic features of each dimensionality of carbon-based materials may influence the performance and viability of their use. Surface area, porous network, hybridization, functionalization, synthesis route, the combination of dimensionalities, purity levels, and the mechanisms underlying carbon nanomaterial interactions influence their applications in bioanalytical chemistry. Efforts are being made to fully understand how nanomaterials can influence biological interactions, to develop commercially viable biosensors, and to gain knowledge on the biomolecular processes associated with carbon. Here, we present a comprehensive review highlighting the characteristic features of the dimensionality of carbon-based materials in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P. R. Castro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Rafael N. P. Colombo
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Iost
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Beatriz G. R. da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
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9
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Formation of miRNA Nanoprobes-Conjugation Approaches Leading to the Functionalization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238428. [PMID: 36500520 PMCID: PMC9739806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, microRNAs (miRNA) captured the interest as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, with their potential for early indication of numerous pathologies. Since miRNA is a short, non-coding RNA sequence, the sensitivity and selectivity of their detection remain a cornerstone of scientific research. As such, methods based on nanomaterials have emerged in hopes of developing fast and facile approaches. At the core of the detection method based on nanotechnology lie nanoprobes and other functionalized nanomaterials. Since miRNA sensing and detection are generally rooted in the capture of target miRNA with the complementary sequence of oligonucleotides, the sequence needs to be attached to the nanomaterial with a specific conjugation strategy. As each nanomaterial has its unique properties, and each conjugation approach presents its drawbacks and advantages, this review offers a condensed overview of the conjugation approaches in nanomaterial-based miRNA sensing. Starting with a brief recapitulation of specific properties and characteristics of nanomaterials that can be used as a substrate, the focus is then centered on covalent and non-covalent bonding chemistry, leading to the functionalization of the nanomaterials, which are the most commonly used in miRNA sensing methods.
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10
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Liang L, Shen X, Zhou M, Chen Y, Lu X, Zhang L, Wang W, Shen JW. Theoretical Evaluation of Potential Cytotoxicity of Graphene Quantum Dot to Adsorbed DNA. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7435. [PMID: 36363026 PMCID: PMC9654448 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a zero-dimensional (0D) nanomaterial, graphene quantum dot (GQD) has a unique physical structure and electrochemical properties, which has been widely used in biomedical fields, such as bioimaging, biosensor, drug delivery, etc. Its biological safety and potential cytotoxicity to human and animal cells have become a growing concern in recent years. In particular, the potential DNA structure damage caused by GQD is of great importance but still obscure. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to investigate the adsorption behavior and the structural changes of single-stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) on the surfaces of GQDs with different sizes and oxidation. Our results showed that ssDNA can strongly adsorb and lay flat on the surface of GQDs and graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), whereas dsDNA was preferentially oriented vertically on both surfaces. With the increase of GQDs size, more structural change of adsorbed ssDNA and dsDNA could be found, while the size effect of GOQD on the structure of ssDNA and dsDNA is not significant. These findings may help to improve the understanding of GQD biocompatibility and potential applications of GQD in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Liang
- Center for X-Mechanics, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xin Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengdi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yijian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xudong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, West Lake Road 38, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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11
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Valimukhametova AR, Zub OS, Lee BH, Fannon O, Nguyen S, Gonzalez-Rodriguez R, Akkaraju GR, Naumov AV. Dual-Mode Fluorescence/Ultrasound Imaging with Biocompatible Metal-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4965-4975. [PMID: 36179254 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sonography offers many advantages over standard methods of diagnostic imaging due to its non-invasiveness, substantial tissue penetration depth, and low cost. The benefits of ultrasound imaging call for the development of ultrasound-trackable drug delivery vehicles that can address a variety of therapeutic targets. One disadvantage of the technique is the lack of high-precision imaging, which can be circumvented by complementing ultrasound contrast agents with visible and, especially, near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores. In this work, we, for the first time, develop a variety of lightly metal-doped (iron oxide, silver, thulium, neodymium, cerium oxide, cerium chloride, and molybdenum disulfide) nitrogen-containing graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) that demonstrate high-contrast properties in the ultrasound brightness mode and exhibit visible and/or near-infrared fluorescence imaging capabilities. NGQDs synthesized from glucosamine precursors with only a few percent metal doping do not introduce additional toxicity in vitro, yielding over 80% cell viability up to 2 mg/mL doses. Their small (<50 nm) sizes warrant effective cell internalization, while oxygen-containing surface functional groups decorating their surfaces render NGQDs water soluble and allow for the attachment of therapeutics and targeting agents. Utilizing visible and/or NIR fluorescence, we demonstrate that metal-doped NGQDs experience maximum accumulation within the HEK-293 cells 6-12 h after treatment. The successful 10-fold ultrasound signal enhancement is observed at 0.5-1.6 mg/mL for most metal-doped NGQDs in the vascular phantom, agarose gel, and animal tissue. A combination of non-invasive ultrasound imaging with capabilities of high-precision fluorescence tracking makes these metal-doped NGQDs a viable agent for a variety of theragnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina R Valimukhametova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Olga S Zub
- Alfa Radiology Management, Inc, Plano, Texas 75023, United States
| | - Bong Han Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Olivia Fannon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Steven Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Roberto Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Giridhar R Akkaraju
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Anton V Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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