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Bikiaris ND, Koumentakou I, Samiotaki C, Meimaroglou D, Varytimidou D, Karatza A, Kalantzis Z, Roussou M, Bikiaris RD, Papageorgiou GZ. Recent Advances in the Investigation of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Nanocomposites: Incorporation of Various Nanofillers and their Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051196. [PMID: 36904437 PMCID: PMC10007491 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is considered the most promising biobased substitute for fossil-derived polymers due to its compostability, biocompatibility, renewability, and good thermomechanical properties. However, PLA suffers from several shortcomings, such as low heat distortion temperature, thermal resistance, and rate of crystallization, whereas some other specific properties, i.e., flame retardancy, anti-UV, antibacterial or barrier properties, antistatic to conductive electrical characteristics, etc., are required by different end-use sectors. The addition of different nanofillers represents an attractive way to develop and enhance the properties of neat PLA. Numerous nanofillers with different architectures and properties have been investigated, with satisfactory achievements, in the design of PLA nanocomposites. This review paper overviews the current advances in the synthetic routes of PLA nanocomposites, the imparted properties of each nano-additive, as well as the numerous applications of PLA nanocomposites in various industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos D. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Koumentakou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Samiotaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Meimaroglou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Varytimidou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Karatza
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zisimos Kalantzis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magdalini Roussou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rizos D. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Z. Papageorgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Simunin MM, Voronin AS, Fadeev YV, Dobrosmyslov SS, Kuular AA, Shalygina TA, Shabanova KA, Chirkov DY, Voronina SY, Khartov SV. Influence of the Addition of Alumina Nanofibers on the Strength of Epoxy Resins. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1343. [PMID: 36836973 PMCID: PMC9964609 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes the effect of the addition of alumina nanofibers on the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin. Alumina nanofibers functionalized with epoxypropyl functional groups are used in this work. The dependence of the mechanical characteristics on the amount of the additive, as well as the features of its distribution in the material, is investigated. In the work, nanocomposites were obtained, which are epoxy resin with aluminum oxide nanofibers. The mechanical properties of the samples were studied by bending tests and differential mechanical analysis (DMA). It has been shown that the addition of alumina nanofibers leads to an increase in ultimate flexural strength. The maximum of this increase is near the percolation threshold of alumina nanofibers in epoxy resin. With the addition of 0.2% alumina nanofibers, the ultimate flexural strength increases from 41 to 71 MPa. It is shown that after exceeding the percolation threshold of nanofibers, the ultimate strength decreases. In this case, the elastic modulus increases from 0.643 to 0.862 GPa. DMA is shown that the glass transition temperature decreases with increasing amount of the additive. This indicates a decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer. By implication, this suggests that the hardener connects the epoxypropyl functional groups on the nanofibers and the epoxy groups in the resin, and as a result of this process, the nanofibers become natural polymer chain length limiters. The data obtained from mechanical testing and differential mechanical analysis can be used to strengthen epoxy resins in polymer composite materials and molding compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Simunin
- Scientific Laboratory “Smart Materials and Structures”, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- School of Engineering and Construction, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A. S. Voronin
- School of Engineering and Construction, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Laboratory of EMI Shielding Materials, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu. V. Fadeev
- School of Engineering and Construction, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - S. S. Dobrosmyslov
- School of Engineering and Construction, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - A. A. Kuular
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - T. A. Shalygina
- Scientific Laboratory “Smart Materials and Structures”, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - K. A. Shabanova
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - D. Yu. Chirkov
- Scientific Laboratory “Smart Materials and Structures”, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - S. Yu. Voronina
- Scientific Laboratory “Smart Materials and Structures”, Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, 660037 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - S. V. Khartov
- Federal Research Center, Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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