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Yatsenko EA, Trofimov SV, Goltsman BM, Li W, Smoliy VA, Ryabova AV, Klimova LV, Izvarin AI. Study on the Curing and Foaming of Surfactant-Modified Geopolymer Gels Based on Ash and Slag Waste from Coal Combustion. Gels 2023; 10:19. [PMID: 38247742 PMCID: PMC10815204 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the influence of temperature-time conditions, surfactants, and varied waste compositions on the curing of geopolymer gels, a foam formation with the properties of porous geopolymers. Findings reveal that a 6 h curing period leads to a density of 435 kg/m3 and strength of 0.66 MPa, with notable improvements at 12 h. Comparing 12 to 24 h curing, differences in characteristics remain within 5%, highlighting the 12 h period as more energy-efficient. Sodium stearate-based samples exhibit excellent properties, significantly boosting strength while maintaining overall properties. Microwave curing achieves the lowest density (291 kg/m3) and closely parallels properties of samples cured conventionally for 12 h. However, it leads to complete destruction in sodium stearate-modified gels due to the Dumas reaction, making it unsuitable above 200 °C. Optimal properties emerge from compositions using sodium stearate and oven curing, achieving densities of 334 kg/m3 and strengths of 1.08 MPa (Severodvinsk CHPP-1) and 373 kg/m3 and 1.17 MPa (Novocherkassk SDPP). Although microwave curing allows for high energy efficiency, its high temperature demands necessitate careful material selection. This study offers insight into enhancing geopolymer properties while emphasizing the importance of tailored curing methods for sustainable material development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Yatsenko
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Sergei V. Trofimov
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Boris M. Goltsman
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Wensheng Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Victoria A. Smoliy
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Anna V. Ryabova
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Klimova
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
| | - Andrey I. Izvarin
- Department “General Chemistry and Technology Silicates”, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya Street 132, Rostov Region, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russia; (E.A.Y.); (B.M.G.); (V.A.S.); (A.V.R.); (L.V.K.); (A.I.I.)
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Yatsenko EA, Goltsman BM, Trofimov SV, Novikov YV, Smoliy VA, Ryabova AV, Klimova LV. Influence of Various Coal Energy Wastes and Foaming Agents on Foamed Geopolymer Materials' Synthesis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:264. [PMID: 36614602 PMCID: PMC9822112 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The regularities of obtaining foamed alkali-activated geopolymer materials based on different wastes of coal power engineering (fly ash, fuel (boiler) slag, ash, and slag mixture) were considered. The phase composition of the studied waste showed the presence of a significant amount of the amorphous phase, as well as a crystalline phase. mostly in the form of high quartz. The microstructure of studied the waste showed that the fly ash consisted of monodisperse hollow aluminosilicate microspheres, the fuel slag was represented by polydisperse irregular particles, and the ash and slag mixture included both of these materials in different ratios. Blowing agents such as aluminum powder, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hypochlorite were chosen to achieve the porous structure of the geopolymer materials. The calculations of the geopolymer precursor compositions were carried out. Samples were synthesized, and their physical and mechanical properties, such as density, strength, porosity, and thermal conductivity, were analyzed. The micro- and macrostructure of the samples, as well as the pore distribution of the obtained geopolymers were studied. Conclusions were made on the choice of the most-optimal foaming agent and the optimal coal combustion waste suitable for the synthesis of the geopolymer materials.
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