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Li W, Liu Y, Wang X, Zheng Y, Zhang H, Zhang C, Zheng W. A high sensitivity cross-capacitive sensor for water droplets and bubble detection in hydraulic oil. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:125010. [PMID: 38126813 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The presence of moisture and air in hydraulic oil will seriously affect the reliability of machines. This paper proposes a new cross-capacitive oil pollution detection sensor, which is based on the Thompson and Lampard theorem. The sensing unit consists of four identical copper electrodes with infinitesimally small gaps. The sensor can effectively distinguish water droplets and air bubble pollutants mixed in the oil through the pulse direction of the signal. Compared with traditional capacitive sensors, the sensor has a significant improvement in detection accuracy and detection throughput. In this paper, the relationship between the cross-capacitance value with the dielectric constant and the frequency in an alternating electric field was deduced, and the best excitation frequency was chosen as 1.9 MHz. Experiments show that the sensor can effectively detect water droplets of 140-160 µm and bubbles of 170-190 µm and has good linearity for detecting water droplets and air bubbles of different sizes. The sensor provides a new method for machine condition monitoring of hydraulic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Marine Engineering Collage, Dalian Marinetime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Marine Engineering Collage, Dalian Marinetime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Marine Engineering Collage, Dalian Marinetime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yiwen Zheng
- Marine Engineering Collage, Dalian Marinetime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- Marine Engineering Collage, Dalian Marinetime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Cunyou Zhang
- Marine Engineering Collage, Dalian Marinetime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Wenbo Zheng
- Sunrui Marine Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266101, China
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Han JH, Samanta T, Cho HB, Jang SW, Viswanath NSM, Kim YR, Seo JM, Im WB. Intense Hydrochromic Photon Upconversion from Lead-Free 0D Metal Halides For Water Detection and Information Encryption. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302442. [PMID: 37399104 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochromic materials that change their luminescence color upon exposure to moisture have attracted considerable attention owing to their applications in sensing and information encryption. However, the existing materials lack high hydrochromic response and color tunability. This study reports the development of a new and bright 0D Cs3 GdCl6 metal halide as the host for hydrochromic photon upconversion in the form of polycrystals (PCs) and nanocrystals. Lanthanides co-doped cesium gadolinium chloride metal halides exhibit upconversion luminescence (UCL) in the visible-infrared region upon 980 nm laser excitation. In particular, PCs co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ exhibit hydrochromic UCL color change from green to red. These hydrochromic properties are quantitatively confirmed through the sensitive detection of water in tetrahydrofuran solvent via UCL color changes. This water-sensing probe exhibits excellent repeatability and is particularly suitable for real-time and long-term water monitoring. Furthermore, the hydrochromic UCL property is exploited for stimuli-responsive information encryption via cyphertexts. These findings will pave the way for the development of new hydrochromic upconverting materials for emerging applications, such as noncontact sensors, anti-counterfeiting, and information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyeong Han
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuhin Samanta
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Bin Cho
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Jang
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - N S M Viswanath
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Seo
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bin Im
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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