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Davari N, Nourmohammadi J, Mohammadi J. Nitric oxide-releasing thiolated starch nanoparticles embedded in gelatin sponges for wound dressing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131062. [PMID: 38521307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel wound dressing by combining nitric oxide-releasing thiolated starch nanoparticles (NO-TS NPs) with gelatin. First, starch was thiolated (TS), and then its nanoparticles were prepared (TS NPs). Subsequently, NPs were covalently bonded to sodium nitrite to obtain NO-releasing TS NPs (NO-TS-NPs) that were incorporated into gelatin sponges at various concentrations. The resulting spherical TS NPs had a mean size of 85.42 ± 5.23 nm, which rose to 100.73 ± 7.41 nm after bonding with sodium nitrite. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed S-nitrosation on the NO-TS NPs' surface, and morphology analysis showed well-interconnected pores in all sponges. With higher NO-TS NPs content, pore size, porosity, and water uptake increased, while compressive modulus and strength decreased. Composites exhibited antibacterial activity, particularly against E. coli, with enhanced efficacy at higher NPs' concentrations. In vitro release studies demonstrated Fickian diffusion, with faster NO release in sponges containing more NPs. The released NO amounts were non-toxic to fibroblasts, but samples with fewer NO-TS NPs exhibited superior cellular density, cell attachment, and collagen secretion. Considering the results, including favorable mechanical strength, release behavior, antibacterial and cellular properties, gelatin sponges loaded with 2 mg/mL of NO-TS NPs can be suitable for wound dressing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyousha Davari
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 143951561, Iran
| | - Jhamak Nourmohammadi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 143951561, Iran.
| | - Javad Mohammadi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 143951561, Iran
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Masri S, Fadilah NIM, Hao LQ, Maarof M, Tabata Y, Hiraoka Y, Fauzi MB. Multifunctionalised skin substitute of hybrid gelatin-polyvinyl alcohol bioinks for chronic wound: injectable vs. 3D bioprinting. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1005-1027. [PMID: 37938542 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are challenging to heal and increase global mortality. The effectiveness of skin graft is limited by rejection, fibrosis, and inadequate donor site. Multifunctionalised-hydrogel skin substitutes promoted higher wound healing by maintaining the moisture microenvironment and permit gas exchange/nourishment in prolong cell viability/activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a skin substitute using two strategies; via injectable and 3D bioprinting technique. New hydrogel formulations that composed of gelatin (GE) and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) were constructed using a pre-mix crosslinking approach with genipin (GNP) to generate the biodegradable and biocompatible skin substitute with reduced secondary traumatic wound. GPVA5_GNP (6% GE: 5% PVA crosslinked with GNP) was the most stable hydrogel for wound healing application with the longest enzymatic degradation and stable hydrogel for absorption of excess wound exudates. Primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) migrated extensively through 3D bioprinted hydrogels with larger average pore sizes and interconnected pores than injectable hydrogels. Moreover, 3D bioprinted GPVA hydrogels were biocompatible with HDFs and demonstrated > 90% cell viability. HDFs maintained their phenotype and positively expressed collagen type-I, vinculin, short and dense F-actin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and Ki67. Additionally, the presence of GNP demonstrated antioxidant capacity and high-ability of angiogenesis. The utilisation of the 3D bioprinting (layer-by-layer) approach did not compromise the HDFs' growth capacity and biocompatibility with selected bioinks. In conclusion, it allows the cell encapsulation sustainability in a hydrogel matrix for a longer period, in promoting tissue regeneration and accelerating healing capacity, especially for difficult or chronic wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syafira Masri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 15th Floor Pre-Clinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzah Md Fadilah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 15th Floor Pre-Clinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Looi Qi Hao
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 15th Floor Pre-Clinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 15th Floor Pre-Clinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Science (LiMe), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8500, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hiraoka
- Biomaterial Group, R&D Center, Yao City, 581-0000, Japan
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 15th Floor Pre-Clinical Building, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Fadilah NIM, Ahmat N, Hao LQ, Maarof M, Rajab NF, Idrus RBH, Fauzi MB. Biological Safety Assessments of High-Purified Ovine Collagen Type I Biomatrix for Future Therapeutic Product: International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Settings. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112436. [PMID: 37299233 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound care management is incredibly challenging for chronic injuries, despite the availability of various types of wound care products in the market. However, most current wound-healing products do not attempt to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) and simply provide a barrier function or wound covering. Collagen is a natural polymer that involves a major constituent of the ECM protein, thus making it attractive to be used in skin tissue regeneration during wound healing. This study aimed to validate the biological safety assessments of ovine tendon collagen type-I (OTC-I) in the accredited laboratory under ISO and GLP settings. It is important to ensure that the biomatrix will not stimulate the immune system to produce any adverse reaction. Therefore, we successfully extracted collagen type-I from the ovine tendon (OTC- I) using a method of low-concentration acetic acid. The three-dimensional (3D) skin patch of spongy OTC-I was a soft and white colour, being tested for safety and biocompatibility evaluations based on ISO 10993-5, ISO 10993-10, ISO 10993-11, ISO 10993-23, USP 40 <151>, and OECD 471. For the dermal sensitisation and acute irritation test, none of the tested animals displayed any erythema or oedema effects (p > 0.005). In addition, there were no abnormalities detected in the organ of the mice after being exposed to OTC-I; additionally, no morbidity and mortality were observed in the acute systemic test under the guideline of ISO 10993-11:2017. The grade 0 (non-reactive) based on ISO 10993-5:2009 was graded for the OTC-I at 100% concentration and the mean number of the revertant colonies did not exceed 2-fold of the 0.9% w/v sodium chloride compared to the tester strains of S. typhimurium (TA100, TA1535, TA98, TA1537), and E. coli (WP2 trp uvrA). Our study revealed that OTC-I biomatrix does not present any adverse effects or abnormalities in the present study's condition of induced skin sensitization effect, mutagenic and cytotoxic towards cells and animals. This biocompatibility assessment demonstrated a good agreement between in vitro and in vivo results regarding the absence of skin irritation and sensitization potential. Therefore, OTC-I biomatrix is a potential medical device candidate for future clinical trials focusing on wound care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzah Md Fadilah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nazeha Ahmat
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Looi Qi Hao
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Science Program, Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Binti Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd., Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Amirrah IN, Zulkiflee I, Mohd Razip Wee MF, Masood A, Siow KS, Motta A, Fauzi MB. Plasma-Polymerised Antibacterial Coating of Ovine Tendon Collagen Type I (OTC) Crosslinked with Genipin (GNP) and Dehydrothermal-Crosslinked (DHT) as a Cutaneous Substitute for Wound Healing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2739. [PMID: 37049037 PMCID: PMC10096142 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering products have grown in popularity as a therapeutic approach for chronic wounds and burns. However, some drawbacks include additional steps and a lack of antibacterial capacities, both of which need to be addressed to treat wounds effectively. This study aimed to develop an acellular, ready-to-use ovine tendon collagen type I (OTC-I) bioscaffold with an antibacterial coating for the immediate treatment of skin wounds and to prevent infection post-implantation. Two types of crosslinkers, 0.1% genipin (GNP) and dehydrothermal treatment (DHT), were explored to optimise the material strength and biodegradability compared with a non-crosslinked (OTC) control. Carvone plasma polymerisation (ppCar) was conducted to deposit an antibacterial protective coating. Various parameters were performed to investigate the physicochemical properties, mechanical properties, microstructures, biodegradability, thermal stability, surface wettability, antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of the scaffolds on human skin cells between the different crosslinkers, with and without plasma polymerisation. GNP is a better crosslinker than DHT because it demonstrated better physicochemical properties (27.33 ± 5.69% vs. 43 ± 7.64% shrinkage), mechanical properties (0.15 ± 0.15 MPa vs. 0.07 ± 0.08 MPa), swelling (2453 ± 419.2% vs. 1535 ± 392.9%), biodegradation (0.06 ± 0.06 mg/h vs. 0.15 ± 0.16 mg/h), microstructure and biocompatibility. Similarly, its ppCar counterpart, GNPppCar, presents promising results as a biomaterial with enhanced antibacterial properties. Plasma-polymerised carvone on a crosslinked collagen scaffold could also support human skin cell proliferation and viability while preventing infection. Thus, GNPppCar has potential for the rapid treatment of healing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim N. Amirrah
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Izzat Zulkiflee
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - M. F. Mohd Razip Wee
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Asad Masood
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Kim S. Siow
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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