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Maglio M, Fini M, Sartori M, Codispoti G, Borsari V, Dallari D, Ambretti S, Rocchi M, Tschon M. An Advanced Human Bone Tissue Culture Model for the Assessment of Implant Osteointegration In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5322. [PMID: 38791362 PMCID: PMC11120747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the field of biomaterials for prosthetic reconstructive surgery, there is the lack of advanced innovative methods to investigate the potentialities of smart biomaterials before in vivo tests. Despite the complex osteointegration process being difficult to recreate in vitro, this study proposes an advanced in vitro tissue culture model of osteointegration using human bone. Cubic samples of trabecular bone were harvested, as waste material, from hip arthroplasty; inner cylindrical defects were created and assigned to the following groups: (1) empty defects (CTRneg); (2) defects implanted with a cytotoxic copper pin (CTRpos); (3) defects implanted with standard titanium pins (Ti). Tissues were dynamically cultured in mini rotating bioreactors and assessed weekly for viability and sterility. After 8 weeks, immunoenzymatic, microtomographic, histological, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. The model was able to simulate the effects of implantation of the materials, showing a drop in viability in CTR+, while Ti appears to have a trophic effect on bone. MicroCT and a histological analysis supported the results, with signs of matrix and bone deposition at the Ti implant site. Data suggest the reliability of the tested model in recreating the osteointegration process in vitro with the aim of reducing and refining in vivo preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Maglio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Scientific Direction, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Maria Sartori
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Giorgia Codispoti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Veronica Borsari
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Dante Dallari
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques—Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Microbiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero—Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Rocchi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery and Innovative Techniques—Musculoskeletal Tissue Bank, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (D.D.); (M.R.)
| | - Matilde Tschon
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (G.C.); (V.B.); (M.T.)
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Vranceanu DM, Ungureanu E, Ionescu IC, Parau AC, Pruna V, Titorencu I, Badea M, Gălbău CȘ, Idomir M, Dinu M, (Dragomir) AV, Cotrut CM. In Vitro Characterization of Hydroxyapatite-Based Coatings Doped with Mg or Zn Electrochemically Deposited on Nanostructured Titanium. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:244. [PMID: 38667255 PMCID: PMC11047857 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are an important and integrated part of modern medicine, and their development and improvement are essential. The fundamental requirement of a biomaterial is found to be in its interaction with the surrounding environment, with which it must coexist. The aim of this study was to assess the biological characteristics of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based coatings doped with Mg and Zn ions obtained by the pulsed galvanostatic electrochemical method on the surface of pure titanium (cp-Ti) functionalized with titanium dioxide nanotubes (NTs TiO2) obtained by anodic oxidation. The obtained results highlighted that the addition of Zn or Mg into the HAp structure enhances the in vitro response of the cp-Ti surface functionalized with NT TiO2. The contact angle and surface free energy showed that all the developed surfaces have a hydrophilic character in comparison with the cp-Ti surface. The HAp-based coatings doped with Zn registered superior values than the ones with Mg, in terms of biomineralization, electrochemical behavior, and cell interaction. Overall, it can be said that the addition of Mg or Zn can enhance the in vitro behavior of the HAp-based coatings in accordance with clinical requirements. Antibacterial tests showed that the proposed HAp-Mg coatings had no efficiency against Escherichia coli, while the HAp-Zn coatings registered the highest antibacterial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Vranceanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.V.)
| | - Elena Ungureanu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.V.)
| | - Ionut C. Ionescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.V.)
| | - Anca C. Parau
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE2000, 409 Atomistilor, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Vasile Pruna
- Romanian Academy Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, 8 B.P. Hasdeu, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Titorencu
- Romanian Academy Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu”, 8 B.P. Hasdeu, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Badea
- Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Department of Fundamental, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 56 Nicolae Balcescu, 500019 Brasov, Romania
- Research Center for Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine, Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Institutului, 10, 500484 Brașov, Romania
| | - Cristina-Ștefania Gălbău
- Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Department of Fundamental, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 56 Nicolae Balcescu, 500019 Brasov, Romania
- Research Center for Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine, Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Institutului, 10, 500484 Brașov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Idomir
- Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Department of Fundamental, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 56 Nicolae Balcescu, 500019 Brasov, Romania
- Research Center for Fundamental Research and Prevention Strategies in Medicine, Research and Development Institute, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania Institutului, 10, 500484 Brașov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dinu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE2000, 409 Atomistilor, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Alina Vladescu (Dragomir)
- National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE2000, 409 Atomistilor, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Cosmin M. Cotrut
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.V.)
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Medina-Ramirez IE, Macias-Diaz JE, Masuoka-Ito D, Zapien JA. Holotomography and atomic force microscopy: a powerful combination to enhance cancer, microbiology and nanotoxicology research. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:64. [PMID: 38594446 PMCID: PMC11003950 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Modern imaging strategies are paramount to studying living systems such as cells, bacteria, and fungi and their response to pathogens, toxicants, and nanomaterials (NMs) as modulated by exposure and environmental factors. The need to understand the processes and mechanisms of damage, healing, and cell survivability of living systems continues to motivate the development of alternative imaging strategies. Of particular interest is the use of label-free techniques (microscopy procedures that do not require sample staining) that minimize interference of biological processes by foreign marking substances and reduce intense light exposure and potential photo-toxicity effects. This review focuses on the synergic capabilities of atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a well-developed and robust imaging strategy with demonstrated applications to unravel intimate details in biomedical applications, with the label-free, fast, and enduring Holotomographic Microscopy (HTM) strategy. HTM is a technique that combines holography and tomography using a low intensity continuous illumination laser to investigate (quantitatively and non-invasively) cells, microorganisms, and thin tissue by generating three-dimensional (3D) images and monitoring in real-time inner morphological changes. We first review the operating principles that form the basis for the complementary details provided by these techniques regarding the surface and internal information provided by HTM and AFM, which are essential and complimentary for the development of several biomedical areas studying the interaction mechanisms of NMs with living organisms. First, AFM can provide superb resolution on surface morphology and biomechanical characterization. Second, the quantitative phase capabilities of HTM enable superb modeling and quantification of the volume, surface area, protein content, and mass density of the main components of cells and microorganisms, including the morphology of cells in microbiological systems. These capabilities result from directly quantifying refractive index changes without requiring fluorescent markers or chemicals. As such, HTM is ideal for long-term monitoring of living organisms in conditions close to their natural settings. We present a case-based review of the principal uses of both techniques and their essential contributions to nanomedicine and nanotoxicology (study of the harmful effects of NMs in living organisms), emphasizing cancer and infectious disease control. The synergic impact of the sequential use of these complementary strategies provides a clear drive for adopting these techniques as interdependent fundamental tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iliana E Medina-Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico.
| | - J E Macias-Diaz
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - David Masuoka-Ito
- Department of Stomatology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio Zapien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Negrescu AM, Mocanu AC, Miculescu F, Mitran V, Constantinescu AE, Cimpean A. In Vitro Studies on 3D-Printed PLA/HA/GNP Structures for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:55. [PMID: 38275452 PMCID: PMC10813057 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The successful regeneration of large-size bone defects remains one of the most critical challenges faced in orthopaedics. Recently, 3D printing technology has been widely used to fabricate reliable, reproducible and economically affordable scaffolds with specifically designed shapes and porosity, capable of providing sufficient biomimetic cues for a desired cellular behaviour. Natural or synthetic polymers reinforced with active bioceramics and/or graphene derivatives have demonstrated adequate mechanical properties and a proper cellular response, attracting the attention of researchers in the bone regeneration field. In the present work, 3D-printed graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-reinforced polylactic acid (PLA)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite scaffolds were fabricated using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique. The in vitro response of the MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and RAW 264.7 macrophages revealed that these newly designed scaffolds exhibited various survival rates and a sustained proliferation. Moreover, as expected, the addition of HA into the PLA matrix contributed to mimicking a bone extracellular matrix, leading to positive effects on the pre-osteoblast osteogenic differentiation. In addition, a limited inflammatory response was also observed. Overall, the results suggest the great potential of the newly developed 3D-printed composite materials as suitable candidates for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Mariana Negrescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Aura-Cătălina Mocanu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.M.); (F.M.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Florin Miculescu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.M.); (F.M.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Valentina Mitran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.N.); (V.M.)
| | - Andreea-Elena Constantinescu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.M.); (F.M.); (A.-E.C.)
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.N.); (V.M.)
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