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Dong Q, Bai W, Zhang T, Chu D, Qu Q, Zhang D, Geng L, He Y. On-line intermittent growth of carbon nanotubes in a self-made tapered fluidized bed reactor at different inlet distances. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Quantitative Evidence for the Dependence of Highly Crystalline Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Synthesis on the Growth Method. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123461. [PMID: 34947810 PMCID: PMC8706310 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a study quantitatively demonstrating that the method of synthesis (gas phase, fixed bed, non-fixed bed) represents a determining factor in the level of crystallinity in growing single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Using far infrared spectroscopy, the "effective length" (associated with the level of crystallinity) was estimated for CNTs grown using various synthetic methods (lab-produced and supplemented by commercially purchased SWCNTs) as a metric for crystallinity (i.e., defect density). Analysis of the observed "effective lengths" showed that the SWCNTs fell into two general groups: long and short (high and low crystallinity) synthesized by gas-phase methods and all other supported catalyst methods, respectively. Importantly, the "long" group exhibited effective lengths in the range of 700-2200 nm, which was greater than double that of the typical values representing the "short" group (110-490 nm). These results highlight the significant difference in crystallinity. We interpret that the difference in the crystallinity stemmed from stress concentration at the nanotube-catalyst interface during the growth process, which originated from various sources of mismatch in growth rates (e.g., vertically aligned array) as well as impact stress from contact with other substrates during fluidization or rotation. These results are consistent with well-accepted belief, but now are demonstrated quantitatively.
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Ul Haq A, Carotenuto F, Di Nardo P, Francini R, Prosposito P, Pescosolido F, De Matteis F. Extrinsically Conductive Nanomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:914. [PMID: 34442536 PMCID: PMC8402139 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the consequence of coronary artery thrombosis resulting in ischemia and necrosis of the myocardium. As a result, billions of contractile cardiomyocytes are lost with poor innate regeneration capability. This degenerated tissue is replaced by collagen-rich fibrotic scar tissue as the usual body response to quickly repair the injury. The non-conductive nature of this tissue results in arrhythmias and asynchronous beating leading to total heart failure in the long run due to ventricular remodelling. Traditional pharmacological and assistive device approaches have failed to meet the utmost need for tissue regeneration to repair MI injuries. Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) seem promising alternatives, but their non-conductive nature could not resolve problems such as arrhythmias and asynchronous beating for long term in-vivo applications. The ability of nanotechnology to mimic the nano-bioarchitecture of the extracellular matrix and the potential of cardiac tissue engineering to engineer heart-like tissues makes it a unique combination to develop conductive constructs. Biomaterials blended with conductive nanomaterials could yield conductive constructs (referred to as extrinsically conductive). These cell-laden conductive constructs can alleviate cardiac functions when implanted in-vivo. A succinct review of the most promising applications of nanomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering to repair MI injuries is presented with a focus on extrinsically conductive nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsalan Ul Haq
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.); (F.P.)
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Felicia Carotenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.); (F.P.)
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Paolo Di Nardo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.); (F.P.)
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
- L.L. Levshin Institute of Cluster Oncology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Francini
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Prosposito
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pescosolido
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.C.); (P.D.N.); (F.P.)
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
| | - Fabio De Matteis
- CIMER, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.F.); (P.P.); (F.D.M.)
- Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Chen G, Davis RC, Futaba DN, Sakurai S, Kobashi K, Yumura M, Hata K. A sweet spot for highly efficient growth of vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube forests enabling their unique structures and properties. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:162-171. [PMID: 26619935 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05537g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the correlation between growth efficiency and structural parameters of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) forests and report the existence of a SWCNT "sweet spot" in the CNT diameter and spacing domain for highly efficient synthesis. Only within this region could SWCNTs be grown efficiently. Through the investigation of the growth rates for ∼340 CNT forests spanning diameters from 1.3 to 8.0 nm and average spacing from 5 to 80 nm, this "sweet spot" was found to exist because highly efficient growth was constrained by several mechanistic boundaries that either hindered the formation or reduced the growth rate of SWCNT forests. Specifically, with increased diameter SWCNTs transitioned to multiwalled CNTs (multiwall border), small diameter SWCNTs could only be grown at low growth rates (low efficiency border), sparse SWCNTs lacked the requirements to vertically align (lateral growth border), and high density catalysts could not be prepared (high catalyst density border). As a result, the SWCNTs synthesized within this "sweet spot" possessed a unique set of characteristics vital for the development applications, such as large diameter, long, aligned, defective, and high specific surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Chen
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Robert C Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Don N Futaba
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Sakurai
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kazufumi Kobashi
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Motoo Yumura
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hata
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan and National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1- Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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The Application of Gas Dwell Time Control for Rapid Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Forest Synthesis to Acetylene Feedstock. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1200-1210. [PMID: 28347060 PMCID: PMC5304639 DOI: 10.3390/nano5031200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One aspect of carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis that remains an obstacle to realize industrial mass production is the growth efficiency. Many approaches have been reported to improve the efficiency, either by lengthening the catalyst lifetime or by increasing the growth rate. We investigated the applicability of dwell time and carbon flux control to optimize yield, growth rate, and catalyst lifetime of water-assisted chemical vapor deposition of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) forests using acetylene as a carbon feedstock. Our results show that although acetylene is a precursor to CNT synthesis and possesses a high reactivity, the SWCNT forest growth efficiency is highly sensitive to dwell time and carbon flux similar to ethylene. Through a systematic study spanning a wide range of dwell time and carbon flux levels, the relationship of the height, growth rate, and catalyst lifetime is found. Further, for the optimum conditions for 10 min growth, SWCNT forests with ~2500 μm height, ~350 μm/min initial growth rates and extended lifetimes could be achieved by increasing the dwell time to ~5 s, demonstrating the generality of dwell time control to highly reactive gases.
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Chen G, Seki Y, Kimura H, Sakurai S, Yumura M, Hata K, Futaba DN. Diameter control of single-walled carbon nanotube forests from 1.3-3.0 nm by arc plasma deposition. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3804. [PMID: 24448201 PMCID: PMC3897958 DOI: 10.1038/srep03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method to both precisely and continuously control the average diameter of single-walled carbon nanotubes in a forest ranging from 1.3 to 3.0 nm with ~1 Å resolution. The diameter control of the forest was achieved through tuning of the catalyst state (size, density, and composition) using arc plasma deposition of nanoparticles. This 1.7 nm control range and 1 Å precision exceed the highest reports to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Chen
- 1] Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan [2]
| | - Yasuaki Seki
- 1] Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan [2]
| | - Hiroe Kimura
- 1] Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan [2] Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sakurai
- Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Motoo Yumura
- Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- 1] Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan [2] Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan [3] Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nanotube Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Chen G, Futaba DN, Kimura H, Sakurai S, Yumura M, Hata K. Absence of an ideal single-walled carbon nanotube forest structure for thermal and electrical conductivities. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10218-10224. [PMID: 24090543 DOI: 10.1021/nn404504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the fundamental dependence of thermal diffusivity and electrical conductance on the diameter and defect level for vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) forests. By synthesizing a series of SWCNT forests with continuous control of the diameter and defect level over a wide range while holding all other structures fixed, we found an inverse and mutually exclusive relationship between the thermal diffusivity and the electrical conductance. This relationship was explained by the differences in the fundamental mechanisms governing each property and the optimum required structures. We concluded that high thermal diffusivity and electrical conductance would be extremely difficult to simultaneously achieve by a single SWCNT forest structure within current chemical vapor deposition synthetic technology, and the "ideal" SWCNT forest structure would differ depending on application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Chen
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC) , Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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