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Wang Z, Liu H, Chen D, Wang Z, Wu K, Cheng G, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Gao J, Ding J. Enhancing Adhesion and Reducing Ohmic Contact through Nickel-Silicon Alloy Seed Layer in Electroplating Ni/Cu/Ag. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2610. [PMID: 38893873 PMCID: PMC11173731 DOI: 10.3390/ma17112610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Due to the lower cost compared to screen-printed silver contacts, the Ni/Cu/Ag contacts formed by plating have been continuously studied as a potential metallization technology for solar cells. To address the adhesion issue of backside grid lines in electroplated n-Tunnel Oxide Passivating Contacts (n-TOPCon) solar cells and reduce ohmic contact, we propose a novel approach of adding a Ni/Si alloy seed layer between the Ni and Si layers. The metal nickel layer is deposited on the backside of the solar cells using electron beam evaporation, and excess nickel is removed by H2SO4:H2O2 etchant under annealing conditions of 300-425 °C to form a seed layer. The adhesion strength increased by more than 0.5 N mm-1 and the contact resistance dropped by 0.5 mΩ cm2 in comparison to the traditional direct plating Ni/Cu/Ag method. This is because the resulting Ni/Si alloy has outstanding electrical conductivity, and the produced Ni/Si alloy has higher adhesion over direct contact between the nickel-silicon interface, as well as enhanced surface roughness. The results showed that at an annealing temperature of 375 °C, the main compound formed was NiSi, with a contact resistance of 1 mΩ cm-2 and a maximum gate line adhesion of 2.7 N mm-1. This method proposes a new technical solution for cost reduction and efficiency improvement of n-TOPCon solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (G.C.); (Y.D.)
- State Key Lab of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213031, China; (D.C.); (Z.W.); (K.W.); (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Haixia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (G.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Daming Chen
- State Key Lab of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213031, China; (D.C.); (Z.W.); (K.W.); (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Zigang Wang
- State Key Lab of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213031, China; (D.C.); (Z.W.); (K.W.); (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Kuiyi Wu
- State Key Lab of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213031, China; (D.C.); (Z.W.); (K.W.); (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Guanggui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (G.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (G.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Zhuohan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213031, China; (D.C.); (Z.W.); (K.W.); (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Yifeng Chen
- State Key Lab of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213031, China; (D.C.); (Z.W.); (K.W.); (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Jifan Gao
- State Key Lab of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213031, China; (D.C.); (Z.W.); (K.W.); (Y.C.); (J.G.)
| | - Jianning Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.W.); (H.L.); (G.C.); (Y.D.)
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutralization, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
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2
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Ghosh B, Pham L, Teplova T, Umar Z. COVID-19 and the quantile connectedness between energy and metal markets. ENERGY ECONOMICS 2023; 117:106420. [PMID: 36467867 PMCID: PMC9699710 DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between clean and dirty energy sources and energy metals during the COVID-19 pandemic. We document a sharp increase in connectedness after the COVID-19 pandemic, that is asymmetric at the lower and upper quantiles, with stronger dependence among the variables at the upper quantiles. Among the energy metals, cobalt is the least connected to the energy markets. Finally, our empirical results show a switch in the net connectedness indexes of energy metals and clean energy after January 2021. Our results have implication for investors and policy makers for energy and metal under various market conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikramaditya Ghosh
- Symbiosis Institute of Business Management (SIBM), Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Electronic City, Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560100, Karnataka, India
| | - Linh Pham
- Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Business and Finance, Lake Forest College, USA
| | - Tamara Teplova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russian Federation
| | - Zaghum Umar
- College of Business, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Aydin E, El-Demellawi JK, Yarali E, Aljamaan F, Sansoni S, Rehman AU, Harrison G, Kang J, El Labban A, De Bastiani M, Razzaq A, Van Kerschaver E, Allen TG, Mohammed OF, Anthopoulos T, Alshareef HN, De Wolf S. Scaled Deposition of Ti 3C 2Tx MXene on Complex Surfaces: Application Assessment as Rear Electrodes for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2419-2428. [PMID: 35139300 PMCID: PMC8867910 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes) are of great interest as electrode materials for a variety of applications, including solar cells, due to their tunable optoelectronic properties, high metallic conductivity, and attractive solution processability. However, thus far, MXene electrodes have only been exploited for lab-scale device applications. Here, to demonstrate the potential of MXene electrodes at an industry-relevant level, we implemented a scalable spray coating technique to deposit highly conductive (ca. 8000 S/cm, at a ca. 55 nm thickness) Ti3C2Tx films (Tx: surface functional groups, i.e., -OH, -O, -F) via an automated spray system. We employed these Ti3C2Tx films as rear electrodes for silicon heterojunction solar cells as a proof of concept. The spray-deposited MXene flakes have formed a conformal coating on top of the indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated random pyramidal textured silicon wafers, leading to >20% power conversion efficiency (PCE) over both medium-sized (4.2 cm2) and large (243 cm2, i.e., industry-sized 6 in. pseudosquare wafers) cell areas. Notably, the Ti3C2Tx-rear-contacted devices have retained around 99% of their initial PCE for more than 600 days of ambient air storage. Their performance is comparable with state-of-the-art solar cells contacted with sputtered silver electrodes. Our findings demonstrate the high-throughput potential of spray-coated MXene-based electrodes for solar cells in addition to a wider variety of electronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Aydin
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jehad K. El-Demellawi
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yarali
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Aljamaan
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Simone Sansoni
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Atteq ur Rehman
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George Harrison
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jingxuan Kang
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman El Labban
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Michele De Bastiani
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arsalan Razzaq
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Van Kerschaver
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas G. Allen
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Anthopoulos
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam N. Alshareef
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST
Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
(KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Mannodi-Kanakkithodi A, Kumar RE, Fenning DP, Chan MKY. First principles modeling of polymer encapsulant degradation in Si photovoltaic modules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10357-10364. [PMID: 33884398 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00665g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An outstanding issue in the longevity of photovoltaic (PV) modules is the accelerated degradation caused by the presence of moisture. Moisture leads to interfacial instability, de-adhesion, encapsulant decomposition, and contact corrosion. However, experimental characterization of moisture in PV modules is not trivial and its impacts can take years or decades to establish in the field, presenting a major obstacle to designing high-reliability modules. First principles calculations provide an alternative way to study the ingress of water and its detrimental effect on the structure and decomposition of the polymer encapsulant and interfaces between the encapsulant and the semiconductor, the metal contacts, or the dielectric layer. In this work, we use density functional theory (DFT) computations to model single chain, crystalline and cross-linked structures, infrared (IR) signatures, and degradation mechanisms of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), the most common polymer encapsulant used in Si PV modules. IR-active modes computed for low energy EVA structures and possible decomposition products match well with reported experiments. The EVA decomposition energy barriers computed using the Nudged Elastic Band (NEB) method show a preference for acetic acid formation as compared to acetaldehyde, are lowered in the presence of a water solvent or hydroxyl ion catalyst, and match well with reported experimental activation energies. This systematic study leads to a clear picture of the hydrolysis-driven decomposition of EVA in terms of energetically favorable mechanisms, possible intermediate structures, and IR signatures of reactants and products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rishi E Kumar
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David P Fenning
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria K Y Chan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.
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5
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Ghosh A, Bandyopadhyay D, Sharma A. Electric field mediated elastic contact lithography of thin viscoelastic films for miniaturized and multiscale patterns. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:3963-3977. [PMID: 29736548 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00428e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elastic contact lithography (ECL) and electric field lithography (EFL) have both shown significant potential to develop large-area micropatterns on polymeric surfaces. Recently, the major challenges associated with these processes have been the improvement of the aspect ratio and reduction in the size and periodicity of the patterns fabricated. Herein, with the help of non-linear simulations, we show that combining these methods can be one recipe to overcome these limitations. We consider a linear viscoelastic film for the linear and non-linear analyses. In this regard, we explore the role of the moving contactor to improve the aspect ratio of the patterns. The study uncovers that (i) combined destabilizing influences originating from van der Waals and electric field forces ensure smaller timescales and length scales for the instabilities, (ii) the aid from the electric field helps to improve the minimum separation distance so that the contact instability initiates at a larger separation distance, (iii) a long-range ordering can be inflicted on the patterns on the polymer surfaces when electrodes with periodic physicochemical patterns are used and (iv) the strength of the externally applied electric field and the ratio of elastic to viscous compliance of the film play crucial roles in deciding the different modes of debonding of the film - peeling, catastrophic or coalescence. The proposed method can improve the aspect ratio of patterns by ∼9-fold during the peeling mode of debonding. Furthermore, pathways to develop technologically important biomimetic surfaces with multiscale and hierarchical structures have been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
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6
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Hsieh SH, Hsieh JM, Chen WJ, Chuang CC. Electroless Nickel Deposition for Front Side Metallization of Silicon Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10080942. [PMID: 28805724 PMCID: PMC5578308 DOI: 10.3390/ma10080942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this work, nickel thin films were deposited on texture silicon by electroless plated deposition. The electroless-deposited Ni layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and sheet resistance measurement. The results indicate that the dominant phase was Ni2Si and NiSi in samples annealed at 300–800 °C. Sheet resistance values were found to correlate well with the surface morphology obtained by SEM and the results of XRD diffraction. The Cu/Ni contact system was used to fabricate solar cells by using two different activating baths. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of the Cu/Ni samples, before and after annealing, was measured under air mass (AM) 1.5 conditions to determine solar cell properties. The results show that open circuit voltage of a solar cell can be enhanced when the activation solution incorporated hydrofluoric acid (HF). This is mainly attributed to the native silicon oxide layer that can be decreased and/or removed by HF with the corresponding reduction of series resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Huei Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Formosa University, 64, Wunhua Road, Huwei, Yunlin 632, Taiwan.
| | - Jhong Min Hsieh
- Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640, Taiwan.
| | - Wen Jauh Chen
- Graduate School of Materials Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 640, Taiwan.
| | - Chia Chih Chuang
- Motech Industries Inc., No.2, Dashun 9th Rd., Xinshi Dist., Tainan 741, Taiwan.
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7
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González-Henríquez CM, Terraza CA, Cabrera AL, Rojas SD, Sarabia-Vallejos MA. A simple method to generate spontaneous chemisorption of metallic particles mediated by carboxylate groups from silylated oligomeric poly(amide-imide)s. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M González-Henríquez
- Departamento de Química; Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente; Santiago Chile
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación; Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente; Santiago Chile
| | - Claudio A Terraza
- Facultad de Química; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Alejandro L Cabrera
- Facultad de Física; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Susana D Rojas
- Facultad de Física; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Mauricio A Sarabia-Vallejos
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Estructural y Geotécnica; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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8
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Bilich A, Langham K, Geyer R, Goyal L, Hansen J, Krishnan A, Bergesen J, Sinha P. Life Cycle Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic Microgrid Systems in Off-Grid Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:1043-1052. [PMID: 28009505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Access to a reliable source of electricity creates significant benefits for developing communities. Smaller versions of electricity grids, known as microgrids, have been developed as a solution to energy access problems. Using attributional life cycle assessment, this project evaluates the environmental and energy impacts of three photovoltiac (PV) microgrids compared to other energy options for a model village in Kenya. When normalized per kilowatt hour of electricity consumed, PV microgrids, particularly PV-battery systems, have lower impacts than other energy access solutions in climate change, particulate matter, photochemical oxidants, and terrestrial acidification. When compared to small-scale diesel generators, PV-battery systems save 94-99% in the above categories. When compared to the marginal electricity grid in Kenya, PV-battery systems save 80-88%. Contribution analysis suggests that electricity and primary metal use during component, particularly battery, manufacturing are the largest contributors to overall PV-battery microgrid impacts. Accordingly, additional savings could be seen from changing battery manufacturing location and ensuring end of life recycling. Overall, this project highlights the potential for PV microgrids to be feasible, adaptable, long-term energy access solutions, with health and environmental advantages compared to traditional electrification options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bilich
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Kevin Langham
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Roland Geyer
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Love Goyal
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - James Hansen
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Anjana Krishnan
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Joseph Bergesen
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106-5131, United States
| | - Parikhit Sinha
- First Solar , 350 W. Washington St., Suite 600, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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9
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Deng HX, Luo JW, Li SS, Wei SH. Origin of the Distinct Diffusion Behaviors of Cu and Ag in Covalent and Ionic Semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:165901. [PMID: 27792391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.165901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that Cu diffuses faster than Ag in covalent semiconductors such as Si, which has prevented the replacement of Ag by Cu as a contact material in Si solar cells for reducing the cost. Surprisingly, in more ionic materials such as CdTe, Ag diffuses faster than Cu despite that it is larger than Cu, which has prevented the replacement of Cu by Ag in CdTe solar cells to improve the performance. But, so far, the mechanisms behind these distinct diffusion behaviors of Cu and Ag in covalent and ionic semiconductors have not been addressed. Here we reveal the underlying mechanisms by combining the first-principles calculations and group theory analysis. We find that the symmetry controlled s-d coupling plays a critical role in determining the diffusion behaviors. The s-d coupling is absent in pure covalent semiconductors but increases with the ionicity of the zinc blende semiconductors, and is larger for Cu than for Ag, owing to its higher d orbital energy. In conjunction with Coulomb interaction and strain energy, the s-d coupling is able to explain all the diffusion behaviors from Cu to Ag and from covalent to ionic hosts. This in-depth understanding enables us to engineer the diffusion of impurities in various semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shu-Shen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Su-Huai Wei
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100094, China
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10
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Ghosh A, Bandyopadhyay D, Sharma A. Influence of the mutable kinetic parameters on the adhesion and debonding of thin viscoelastic films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 477:109-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Toor F, Miller JB, Davidson LM, Duan W, Jura MP, Yim J, Forziati J, Black MR. Metal assisted catalyzed etched (MACE) black Si: optics and device physics. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15448-15466. [PMID: 27533490 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04506e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-assisted catalyzed etching (MACE) of silicon (Si) is a controllable, room-temperature wet-chemical technique that uses a thin layer of metal to etch the surface of Si, leaving behind various nano- and micro-scale surface features, including nanowires (NWs), that can be tuned to achieve various useful engineering goals, in particular with respect to Si solar cells. In this review, we introduce the science and technology of MACE from the literature, and provide an in-depth analysis of MACE to enhance Si solar cells, including the outlook for commercial applications of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Toor
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA and Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA and Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA and University of Iowa Informatics Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA and Advanced Silicon Group, 173 Bedford Road, Lincoln, MA 01773, USA.
| | - Jeffrey B Miller
- Bandgap Engineering Inc., 13 Garabedian Drive, Salem, NH 03079, USA
| | - Lauren M Davidson
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA and Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA and University of Iowa Informatics Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wenqi Duan
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA and Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA and University of Iowa Informatics Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael P Jura
- Bandgap Engineering Inc., 13 Garabedian Drive, Salem, NH 03079, USA
| | - Joanne Yim
- Bandgap Engineering Inc., 13 Garabedian Drive, Salem, NH 03079, USA
| | - Joanne Forziati
- Advanced Silicon Group, 173 Bedford Road, Lincoln, MA 01773, USA. and Bandgap Engineering Inc., 13 Garabedian Drive, Salem, NH 03079, USA
| | - Marcie R Black
- Advanced Silicon Group, 173 Bedford Road, Lincoln, MA 01773, USA. and Bandgap Engineering Inc., 13 Garabedian Drive, Salem, NH 03079, USA
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