Influence of Magnetic Microparticles Isolation on Adenine Homonucleotides Structure

Functionalized magnetic particles coupled with LC-MS strategy facilitated discovery of trace thioalkaloids with potent immunosuppressive activity

Trace natural products (TNPs) are still the vital source of drug development. However, the mining of novel TNPs is becoming increasingly challenging due to their low abundance and complex interference. A comprehensive strategy was proposed in which the functionalized magnetic particles integrated with LC-MS for TNPs discovery. Under the guidance of the approach, fifteen trace Nuphar alkaloids including seven new ones, cyanopumiline A sulfoxide (1), cyanopumiline C sulfoxide (8) and cyanopumilines A-E (4-5, 10, 12-13) featuring an undescribed nitrile-containing 6/6/5/6/6 pentacyclic ring system were isolated from the rhizomes of Nuphar pumila. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Notably, a concise method based on 13C NMR spectroscopy was established to determine the relative configurations of spiroatoms. Biologically, compounds 1-12 exhibited potent immunosuppressive activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.1-12.1 μM against anti-CD3/CD28 induced human peripheral T cell proliferation. Mechanistic studies revealed that 4 could dose-dependently decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression levels of CD25 and CD71.

Guava seed activated carbon loaded calcium alginate aerogel for the adsorption of diclofenac sodium: Characterization, isotherm, kinetics, and optimization via Box-Behnken design

This study aimed to develop a novel adsorbent designed for the removal of diclofenac sodium (DS) from water. The synthesized adsorbent, a composite sponge known as guava seeds activated carbon loaded calcium alginate (GSAC@CA aerogel), was created through the combination of powdered activated carbon derived from guava seeds and loaded onto a calcium alginate hydrogel. Characterization through SEM, XRD, FT-IR, BET, and XPS revealed a confirmed surface area of 738.82 m2/g. The investigation delved into assessing the influence of pH, initial DS concentration, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption of DS. Isotherm studies on adsorption suggested that a Langmuir model provided a good fit, indicating a monolayer adsorption process. Kinetic studies revealed a well-fitted pseudo-second-order model, shedding light on the dynamics of the reaction. The chemisorption nature was elucidated by the Dubinin-Radushkevich model, demonstrating an adsorption energy of 22.6 kJ/mol. These results affirm the potential of the GSAC@CA aerogel composite sponge as an efficient adsorbent for removing diclofenac sodium from water. Examination of the impact of temperature on the adsorption process revealed an endothermic behavior, indicating an increase in temperature. The positive change in entropy suggested the spontaneous nature of the reaction. Remarkably, the GSAC@CA aerogel composite sponge exhibited strong adsorption capabilities, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 489.97 mg/g. Across five consecutive cycles, the composite consistently demonstrated high-level adsorption, maintaining a removal efficiency of 87.77 %. The adsorption mechanism of diclofenac sodium (DS) on the GSAC@CA aerogel composite sponge was determined to encompass various processes, such as hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, ion exchange, and electrostatic pore filling. Additionally, the adsorbent demonstrated successful regeneration over three cycles when applied to a real-world sample. The incorporation of the Box-Behnken design (BBD) introduced a strategic aspect to enhance adsorption outcomes, offering valuable insights for optimizing the adsorption process in practical applications.

Fluorescence Characterization of Gold Modified Liposomes with Antisense N-myc DNA Bound to the Magnetisable Particles with Encapsulated Anticancer Drugs (Doxorubicin, Ellipticine and Etoposide)

Liposome-based drug delivery systems hold great potential for cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to design a nanodevice for targeted anchoring of liposomes (with and without cholesterol) with encapsulated anticancer drugs and antisense N-myc gene oligonucleotide attached to its surface. To meet this main aim, liposomes with encapsulated doxorubicin, ellipticine and etoposide were prepared. They were further characterized by measuring their fluorescence intensity, whereas the encapsulation efficiency was estimated to be 16%. The hybridization process of individual oligonucleotides forming the nanoconstruct was investigated spectrophotometrically and electrochemically. The concentrations of ellipticine, doxorubicin and etoposide attached to the nanoconstruct in gold nanoparticle-modified liposomes were found to be 14, 5 and 2 µg·mL⁻¹, respectively. The study succeeded in demonstrating that liposomes are suitable for the transport of anticancer drugs and the antisense oligonucleotide, which can block the expression of the N-myc gene.