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Verma R, Kumar S. Computational study on 2D three-phase lag bioheat model during cryosurgery using RBF meshfree method. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103575. [PMID: 37344016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological tissue has a multidimensional and non-homogeneous inner structure by nature. The temperature distribution and freezing front locations in biological tissue are crucial to optimizing the damage to tissue during cryosurgery. There is a need for a good mathematical model and effective simulation techniques to predict the effectiveness of the therapy. The present study concerns the numerical study of phase change phenomena during cryosurgery using the three-phase lag (TPL) bioheat model in arbitrary soft tissue domains, i.e., circular (Γ1), ameba-like (Γ2), and multiconnected (Γ3). We employ the effective heat capacity formulation to solve the nonlinear governing equation. The Gaussian radial basis function and Crank-Nicolson finite difference approximation are applied for spatial and time derivatives, respectively. Using the present algorithm, we study the impact of phase lag (τv) due to thermal displacement involved in the TPL model on phase change interface position and thermal distribution in all three domains. The obtained results may be beneficial in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Verma
- Department of Mathematics, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007 Gujarat, India.
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007 Gujarat, India.
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2
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Liu KC, Leu JS. Heat transfer analysis for tissue with surface heat flux based on the non-linearized form of the three-phase-lag model. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103436. [PMID: 36796893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The three-phase-lag model of heat conduction has been proposed for considering thermoelastic effect in medium. The bioheat transfer equations based on Taylor's series approximation of the three-phase-lag model were derived in conjunction with a modified energy conservation equation. For exploring the effect of non-linear expansion in the phase lag times, the Taylor's series of second-order expansion was applied. The resulting equation involves mixed derivative terms and higher-order derivatives of temperature with respect to time. The hybrid application of the Laplace transform method and a modified discretization technique was extended to solve the equations and explore the effect of thermoelasticity on the thermal behavior in living tissue with surface heat flux. The influence of thermoelastic parameters and phase lags on heat transfer in tissue has been investigated. The present results illustrate the thermal response oscillation is excited in medium for the thermoelastic effect, the phase lag times significantly affect the amplitude and frequency of the oscillation, and the expansion order of TPL model evidently affects the predicted temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chi Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Far East University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Sheng Leu
- Department of Aircraft Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Ouldyerou A, Mehboob H, Merdji A, Aminallah L, Mehboob A, Mukdadi OM. Biomechanical analysis of printable functionally graded material (FGM) dental implants for different bone densities. Comput Biol Med 2022; 150:106111. [PMID: 36195043 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-term success of a dental implant is related to the material and design of the implant, and bone density. Conventional implants cause stress-shielding due to a mismatch between the implant and bone stiffness. Functionally graded porous materials and designs are a great choice for the design of implants to control the local stiffness at a certain location to meet the biomechanical requirements. The purpose of this study is to analyze five designs of axial and radial functionally graded materials (FGM) implants besides the conventional implant and conical and cylindrical shapes that were simulated with five different bone densities. The results showed that strain in bone increased with a decrease in cancellous bone density. The shape of the implant did not play an important role in strain/stress distribution. Conventional implants showed optimal strain (1000-2240 με) in low-density (0.7-0.8 g/cm3) bone, however, FGM implants produced optimal strain (990-1280 με) in the high-density bone (0.9-1 g/cm3) as compared to conventional implants. The proposed designs of FGM implants have the potential to address the complications of conventional implants in high-density bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhak Ouldyerou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria.
| | - Hassan Mehboob
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Merdji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria; Laboratory of Mechanics Physics of Materials (LMPM), Faculty of Technology, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi Bel-Abbes, 22000, Algeria.
| | - Laid Aminallah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara, Algeria.
| | - Ali Mehboob
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Osama M Mukdadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Abstract
Significant research efforts have been devoted in the past decades to accurately modelling the complex heat transfer phenomena within biological tissues. These modeling efforts and analysis have assisted in a better understanding of the intricacies of associated biological phenomena and factors that affect the treatment outcomes of hyperthermic therapeutic procedures. In this contribution, we report a three-dimensional non-Fourier bio-heat transfer model of cardiac ablation that accounts for the three-phase-lags (TPL) in the heat propagation, viz., lags due to heat flux, temperature gradient, and thermal displacement gradient. Finite element-based COMSOL Multiphysics software has been utilized to predict the temperature distributions and ablation volumes. A comparative analysis has been conducted to report the variation in the treatment outcomes of cardiac ablation considering different bio-heat transfer models. The effect of variations in the magnitude of different phase lags has been systematically investigated. The fidelity and integrity of the developed model have been evaluated by comparing the results of the developed model with the analytical results of the recent studies available in the literature. This study demonstrates the importance of considering non-Fourier lags within biological tissue for predicting more accurately the characteristics important for the efficient application of thermal therapies.
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Rojas-Altamirano G, Vargas RO, Escandón JP, Mil-Martínez R, Rojas-Montero A. Calculation of Effective Thermal Conductivity for Human Skin Using the Fractal Monte Carlo Method. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:424. [PMID: 35334716 PMCID: PMC8953946 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an effective thermal conductivity (ETC) for living tissues, which directly affects the energy transport process, is determined. The fractal scaling and Monte Carlo methods are used to describe the tissue as a porous medium, and blood is considered a Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid for comparative and analytical purposes. The effect of the principal variables-such as fractal dimensions DT and Df, porosity, and the power-law index, n-on the temperature profiles as a function of time and tissue depth, for one- and three-layer tissues, besides temperature distribution, are presented. ETC was improved by considering high tissue porosity, low tortuosity, and shear-thinning fluids. In three-layer tissues with different porosities, perfusion with a non-Newtonian fluid contributes to the understanding of the heat transfer process in some parts of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rojas-Altamirano
- Departamento de Termofluidos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-ESIME Azcapotzalco, Av. de las Granjas No. 682, Col. Santa Catarina, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México 02250, Mexico; (G.R.-A.); (J.P.E.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - René O. Vargas
- Departamento de Termofluidos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-ESIME Azcapotzalco, Av. de las Granjas No. 682, Col. Santa Catarina, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México 02250, Mexico; (G.R.-A.); (J.P.E.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Juan P. Escandón
- Departamento de Termofluidos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-ESIME Azcapotzalco, Av. de las Granjas No. 682, Col. Santa Catarina, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México 02250, Mexico; (G.R.-A.); (J.P.E.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Rubén Mil-Martínez
- Escuela Militar de Ingenieros, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, Av. Industria Militar No. 261, Col. Lomas de San Isidro, Naucalpan de Juárez 53960, Mexico;
| | - Alan Rojas-Montero
- Departamento de Termofluidos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI-ESIME Azcapotzalco, Av. de las Granjas No. 682, Col. Santa Catarina, Alcaldía Azcapotzalco, Ciudad de México 02250, Mexico; (G.R.-A.); (J.P.E.); (A.R.-M.)
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Enhanced precision of real-time control photothermal therapy using cost-effective infrared sensor array and artificial neural network. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:104960. [PMID: 34776096 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) requires tight thermal dose control to achieve tumor ablation with minimal thermal injury on surrounding healthy tissues. In this study, we proposed a real-time closed-loop system for monitoring and controlling the temperature of PTT using a non-contact infrared thermal sensor array and an artificial neural network (ANN) to induce a predetermined area of thermal damage on the tissue. A cost-effective infrared thermal sensor array was used to monitor the temperature development for feedback control during the treatment. The measured and predicted temperatures were used as inputs of fuzzy control logic controllers that were implemented on an embedded platform (Jetson Nano) for real-time thermal control. Three treatment groups (continuous wave = CW, conventional fuzzy logic = C-Fuzzy, and ANN-based predictive fuzzy logic = P-Fuzzy) were examined and compared to investigate the laser heating performance and collect temperature data for ANN model training. The ex vivo experiments validated the efficiency of fuzzy control with temperature method on maintaining the constant interstitial tissue temperature (80 ± 1.4 °C) at a targeted surface of the tissue. The linear relationship between coagulation areas and the treatment time was indicated in this study, with the averaged coagulation rate of 0.0196 cm2/s. A thermal damage area of 1.32 cm2 (diameter ∼1.3 cm) was observed under P-Fuzzy condition for 200 s, which covered the predetermined thermal damage area (diameter ∼1 cm). The integration of real-time feedback temperature control with predictive ANN could be a feasible approach to precisely induce the preset extent of thermal coagulation for treating papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.
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Finite Element Analysis of Nonlinear Bioheat Model in Skin Tissue Due to External Thermal Sources. MATHEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/math9131459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, numerical estimations of a nonlinear hyperbolic bioheat equation under various boundary conditions for medicinal treatments of tumor cells are constructed. The heating source components in a nonlinear hyperbolic bioheat transfer model, such as the rate of blood perfusions and the metabolic heating generations, are considered experimentally temperature-dependent functions. Due to the nonlinearity of the governing relations, the finite element method is adopted to solve such a problem. The results for temperature are presented graphically. Parametric analysis is then performed to identify an appropriate procedure to select significant design variables in order to yield further accuracy to achieve efficient thermal power in hyperthermia treatments.
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Chaudhary RK, Kumar D, Rai KN, Singh J. Analysis of thermal injuries using classical Fourier and DPL models for multi-layer of skin under different boundary conditions. INT J BIOMATH 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524521500406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the temperature distribution in the multi-layer of the skin is studied when the skin surface is subjected to most generalized boundary condition. Our skin model consists of three layers known as the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers. All layers of skin are assumed to be connected with point of interface condition and taking the barrier in between each of the two layers by symmetric flux condition and analyzing each layer separately. The classical Fourier and non-Fourier (DPL) models are extended to analyze the behavior of heat transfer in the multi-layer of the skin. The Laplace transform technique is used to derive analytical solutions for the multi-layer of skin models. The effects of the variability of different parameters such as relaxation time, layer thickness, and different types of boundary conditions on the behavior of temperature distribution in the multi-layer of skin are analyzed and discussed in detail. All the effects are shown graphically. It has been observed that during temperature distribution in the multi-layer of skin, the measurement of skin damage is less on the DPL model ([Formula: see text]) in comparison to the classical Fourier model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Govt. Polytechnic College, Nawada-805122, Bihar, India
| | - Kabindra Nath Rai
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, IIT-BHU, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Department of Mathematics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
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