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Cai Y, Guo J, Kang Y. Future prospect of polysaccharide as a potential therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132300. [PMID: 38735616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. HCC almost exclusively develops in patients with chronic liver disease, driven by a vicious cycle of liver injury, inflammation and regeneration that typically spans decades. A variety of new agents are in development for the treatment of the disease. Polysaccharide is important component of higher plants, membrane of the animal cell and the cell wall of microbes. It is also closely related to the physiological functions. Recently, there has been growing interest in polysaccharides as bioactive natural products, particularly in treating HCC. This paper provides a review of recent experimental and clinical studies on the effects and potential applications of polysaccharides in HCC treatment, aiming to offer theoretical insights and inspiration for further research on the bioactivity mechanisms of polysaccharides in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cai
- School of medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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2
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Bayer IS. Controlled Drug Release from Nanoengineered Polysaccharides. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051364. [PMID: 37242606 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are naturally occurring complex molecules with exceptional physicochemical properties and bioactivities. They originate from plant, animal, and microbial-based resources and processes and can be chemically modified. The biocompatibility and biodegradability of polysaccharides enable their increased use in nanoscale synthesis and engineering for drug encapsulation and release. This review focuses on sustained drug release studies from nanoscale polysaccharides in the fields of nanotechnology and biomedical sciences. Particular emphasis is placed on drug release kinetics and relevant mathematical models. An effective release model can be used to envision the behavior of specific nanoscale polysaccharide matrices and reduce impending experimental trial and error, saving time and resources. A robust model can also assist in translating from in vitro to in vivo experiments. The main aim of this review is to demonstrate that any study that establishes sustained release from nanoscale polysaccharide matrices should be accompanied by a detailed analysis of drug release kinetics by modeling since sustained release from polysaccharides not only involves diffusion and degradation but also surface erosion, complicated swelling dynamics, crosslinking, and drug-polymer interactions. As such, in the first part, we discuss the classification and role of polysaccharides in various applications and later elaborate on the specific pharmaceutical processes of polysaccharides in ionic gelling, stabilization, cross-linking, grafting, and encapsulation of drugs. We also document several drug release models applied to nanoscale hydrogels, nanofibers, and nanoparticles of polysaccharides and conclude that, at times, more than one model can accurately describe the sustained release profiles, indicating the existence of release mechanisms running in parallel. Finally, we conclude with the future opportunities and advanced applications of nanoengineered polysaccharides and their theranostic aptitudes for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker S Bayer
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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3
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Lin HM, Zhang S, Zheng RS, Miao JY, Deng SG. Effect of atmospheric cold plasma treatment on ready-to-eat wine-pickled Bullacta exarata. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Gao W, Zhang P, Lin P, Zeng X, Brennan MA. Comparison of litchi polysaccharides extracted by four methods: composition, structure and
in vitro
antioxidant activity. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre) Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Peilin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Pingzhou Lin
- Midea Microwave & Oven Division Midea Group Foshan 528300 China
| | - Xin‐An Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Centre for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Centre) Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Margaret A. Brennan
- Centre for Food Research and Innovation Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences Lincoln University Lincoln 85084 New Zealand
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Cheng D, Sun L, Zou S, Chen J, Mao H, Zhang Y, Liao N, Zhang R. Antiviral Effects of Houttuynia cordata Polysaccharide Extract on Murine Norovirus-1 (MNV-1)-A Human Norovirus Surrogate. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091835. [PMID: 31086065 PMCID: PMC6539669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata is an herbal plant rich in polysaccharides and with several pharmacological activities. Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the most common cause of foodborne viral gastroenteritis throughout the world. In this study, H. cordata polysaccharide (HP), with a molecular weight of ~43 kDa, was purified from H. cordata water extract (HWE). The polysaccharide HP was composed predominantly of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, and xylose in a molar ratio of 1.56:1.49:1.26:1.11. Methylation and NMR analyses revealed that HP was a pectin-like acidic polysaccharide mainly consisting of α-1,4-linked GalpA, β-1,4-linked Galp, β-1,4-linked Glcp, and β-1,4-linked Xylp residues. To evaluate the antiviral activity of H. cordata extracts, we compared the anti-norovirus potential of HP with HWE and ethanol extract (HEE) from H. cordata by plaque assay (plaque forming units (PFU)/mL) for murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1), a surrogate of HuNoVs. Viruses at high (8.09 log10 PFU/mL) or low (4.38 log10 PFU/mL) counts were mixed with 100, 250, and 500 μg/mL of HP, HWE or HEE and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. H. cordata polysaccharide (HP) was more effective than HEE in reducing MNV-1 plaque formation, but less effective than HWE. When MNV-1 was treated with 500 μg/mL HP, the infectivity of MNV-1 decreased to an undetectable level. The selectivity indexes of each sample were 1.95 for HEE, 5.74 for HP, and 16.14 for HWE. The results of decimal reduction time and transmission electron microscopic revealed that HP has anti-viral effects by deforming and inflating virus particles, thereby inhibiting the penetration of viruses in target cells. These findings suggest that HP might have potential as an antiviral agent in the treatment of viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Songyan Zou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Haiyan Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Ningbo Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310006, China.
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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6
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Xiong Q, Song Z, Hu W, Liang J, Jing Y, He L, Huang S, Wang X, Hou S, Xu T, Chen J, Zhang D, Shi Y, Li H, Li S. Methods of extraction, separation, purification, structural characterization for polysaccharides from aquatic animals and their major pharmacological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:48-63. [PMID: 30285473 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1512472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The further development of fishery resources is a hotspot in the development of the fishery industry. However, how to develop aquatic animal resources deeply is a key point to be solved in the fishery industry. Over the past decades, numerous aquatic animals have gained great attention in the development and utilization of their bioactive molecules which are of therapeutic applications as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Recent research revealed that aquatic animals are composed of many vital moieties, such as polysaccharides and proteins, which provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. In particular, aquatic animal polysaccharides are gaining worldwide popularity owing to their high content, ease of extraction, specific structure, few side effects, prominent therapeutic potential and incorporation in functional foods and dietary supplements. Thus, tremendous research on the isolation, identification and bioactivities of polysaccharides has been carried out. This review presents comprehensive viewpoints on extraction, separation, purification, structural characterization and bioactivity of various polysaccharides from aquatic animals, such as sea cucumber, abalone, oyster and mussels. In addition, this review profiled a brief knowledge on both current challenges and future scope in aquatic animal polysaccharides field. The review will be a direction of deep processing in fishery resources, which is a hotspot, but technical bottleneck. Furthermore, the review could be served as a useful reference material for further investigation, production and application of polysaccharides from aquatic animals in functional foods and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China.,Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhuoyue Song
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weihui Hu
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jian Liang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yi Jing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lian He
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Song Huang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Danyan Zhang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hailun Li
- Nephrological Department, Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shijie Li
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, and School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
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7
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Yu Y, Shen M, Song Q, Xie J. Biological activities and pharmaceutical applications of polysaccharide from natural resources: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 183:91-101. [PMID: 29352896 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 766] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy using natural substances can be currently regarded as a very promising future alternative to conventional therapy. As biological macromolecules, polysaccharide together with protein and polynucleotide, are extremely important biomacromoleules which play important roles in the growth and development of living organism. Polysaccharide is important component of higher plants, membrane of the animal cell and the cell wall of microbes. It is also closely related to the physiological functions. Recently, increasing attention has been paid on polysaccharides as an important class of bioactive natural products. Numerous researches have demonstrated the bioactivities of natural polysaccharides, which lead to the application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease. In this paper, the various aspects of the investigation results of the bioactivities of polysaccharides were summarized, including its diversity pharmacological applications, such as immunoregulatory, anti-tumor, anti-virus, antioxidation, and hypoglycemic activity, and their application of polysaccharides in the treatment of disease are also discussed. We hope this review can offer some theoretical basis and inspiration for the mechanism study of the bioactivity of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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8
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Cheong KL, Xia LX, Liu Y. Isolation and Characterization of Polysaccharides from Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) with Anti-Tumor Activities Using an Aqueous Two-Phase System. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110338. [PMID: 29104211 PMCID: PMC5706028 DOI: 10.3390/md15110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a simple aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was employed for concurrent purification of oyster polysaccharides. The chemical structure and anti-tumor activities of purified oyster polysaccharides (OP-1) were also investigated. Under optimal ATPS conditions, oyster polysaccharides can be partitioned in the bottom phase with 67.02% extraction efficiency. The molecular weight of OP-1 was determined as 3480 Da. OP-1 is a (1→4)-α-d-glucosyl backbone and branching points located at O-3 of glucose with a terminal-d-Glcp. The anti-tumor activity assay showed that OP-1 exhibited good activities, including promotion of splenocyte proliferation, IL-2 release, and inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation. Additionally, OP-1 had no in vivo toxicity. This finding suggests that ATPS is a much simpler and greener system, and it opens up new possibilities in the large-scale separation of active polysaccharides from oysters. OP-1 could be used by the health food and pharmaceutical therapies as potential anti-cancer adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Xuan Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Wang L, Tao H, Li Y. Multi‐pulsed high pressure assisted slightly acidic electrolyzed water processing on microbe, physical quality, and free amino acids of mud snail (
Bullacta exarata
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240 PR China
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240 PR China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240 PR China
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10
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A Novel Polysaccharide Conjugate from Bullacta exarata Induces G1-Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030384. [PMID: 28257055 PMCID: PMC6155380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullacta exarata has been consumed in Asia, not only as a part of the normal diet, but also as a traditional Chinese medicine with liver- and kidney-benefitting functions. Several scientific investigations involving extraction of biomolecules from this mollusk and pharmacological studies on their biological activities have been carried out. However, little is known regarding the antitumor properties of polysaccharides from B. exarata, hence the polysaccharides from B. exarata have been investigated here. One polysaccharide conjugate BEPS-IA was isolated and purified from B. exarata. It mainly consisted of mannose and glucose in a molar ratio of 1:2, with an average molecular weight of 127 kDa. Thirteen general amino acids were identified to be components of the protein-bound polysaccharide. Methylation and NMR studies revealed that BEPS-IA is a heteropolysaccharide consisting of 1,4-linked-α-d-Glc, 1,6-linked-α-d-Man, 1,3,6-linked-α-d-Man, and 1-linked-α-d-Man residue, in a molar ratio of 6:1:1:1. In order to test the antitumor activity of BEPS-IA, we investigated its effect against the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 in vitro. The result showed that BEPS-IA dose-dependently exhibited an effective HepG2 cells growth inhibition with an IC50 of 112.4 μg/mL. Flow cytometry analysis showed that BEPS-IA increased the populations of both apoptotic sub-G1 and G1 phase. The result obtained from TUNEL assay corroborated apoptosis which was shown in flow cytometry. Western blot analysis suggested that BEPS-IA induced apoptosis and growth inhibition were associated with up-regulation of p53, p21 and Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2. These findings suggest that BEPS-IA may serve as a potential novel dietary agent for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Effects of thermal treatment combined with multi-cycle high pressure processing on the bacterial diversity of mud snail ( Bullacta exarata ) during refrigerated storage. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Wang L, Xu C, Huang P, Li Y. Single- and multi-cycle high hydrostatic pressure treatment on microbiological quality of mud snail (Bullacta exarata) during refrigerated storage. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Wang H, Cheng X, Shi Y, Le G. Preparation and structural characterization of poly-mannose synthesized by phosphoric acid catalyzation under microwave irradiation. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 121:355-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Liao N, Chen S, Ye X, Zhong J, Ye X, Yin X, Tian J, Liu D. Structural characterization of a novel glucan from Achatina fulica and its antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:2344-2352. [PMID: 24383933 DOI: 10.1021/jf403896c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel glucan designated AFPS-IB was purified from Achatina fulica (China white jade snail) by anion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography. Chemical composition analysis indicated AFPS-IB was composed of glucose, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 189:2:1:1:2 and with an average molecular weight of 128 kDa. Its structural characteristics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), methylation analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy ((1)H,( 13)C, H-H COSY, HSQC, TOCSY, and NOESY), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The glucan mainly consisted of a backbone of repeating (1→4)-α-d-glucose residues with (1→6)-β-d glucosyl branches at random points on the backbone glucose. Antioxidant studies revealed AFPS-IB showed significant DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical, superoxide anion (O2(-)) scavenging activities and high reduction potential. This study suggested that AFPS-IB could be a new source of dietary antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Liao
- College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang, China
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