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Maldonado-Ruiz K, Pedroza-Islas R, Pedraza-Segura L. Blue Biotechnology: Marine Bacteria Bioproducts. Microorganisms 2024; 12:697. [PMID: 38674641 PMCID: PMC11051736 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ocean is the habitat of a great number of organisms with different characteristics. Compared to terrestrial microorganisms, marine microorganisms also represent a vast and largely unexplored reservoir of bioactive compounds with diverse industrial applications like terrestrial microorganisms. This review examines the properties and potential applications of products derived from marine microorganisms, including bacteriocins, enzymes, exopolysaccharides, and pigments, juxtaposing them in some cases against their terrestrial counterparts. We discuss the distinct characteristics that set marine-derived products apart, including enhanced stability and unique structural features such as the amount of uronic acid and sulfate groups in exopolysaccharides. Further, we explore the uses of these marine-derived compounds across various industries, ranging from food and pharmaceuticals to cosmetics and biotechnology. This review also presents a broad description of biotechnologically important compounds produced by bacteria isolated from marine environments, some of them with different qualities compared to their terrestrial counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Pedroza-Islas
- Department of Chemical, Industrial and Food Engineering, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prol. Paseo de la Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Mexico City 01210, Mexico; (K.M.-R.); (L.P.-S.)
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2
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Ghattavi S, Homaei A. Marine enzymes: Classification and application in various industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123136. [PMID: 36621739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are regarded as a plentiful and sustainable source of biological compounds. Enzymes are a group of marine biomaterials that have recently drawn more attention because they are produced in harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, extensive pH, a wide temperature range, and high pressure. Hence, marine-derived enzymes are capable of exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique composition. In this review, we overviewed and discussed characteristics of marine enzymes as well as the sources of marine enzymes, ranging from primitive organisms to vertebrates, and presented the importance, advantages, and challenges of using marine enzymes with a summary of their applications in a variety of industries. Current biotechnological advancements need the study of novel marine enzymes that could be applied in a variety of ways. Resources of marine enzyme can benefit greatly for biotechnological applications duo to their biocompatible, ecofriendly and high effectiveness. It is beneficial to use the unique characteristics offered by marine enzymes to either develop new processes and products or improve existing ones. As a result, marine-derived enzymes have promising potential and are an excellent candidate for a variety of biotechnology applications and a future rise in the use of marine enzymes is to be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghattavi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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Liew KJ, Zakaria MR, Hong CWL, Tan MCY, Chong CS. Draft genome sequence of Joostella atrarenae M1-2 T with cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic ability. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:50. [PMID: 36685320 PMCID: PMC9845502 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The halophilic genus Joostella is one of the least-studied genera in the family of Flavobacteriaceae. So far, only two species were taxonomically identified with limited genomic analysis in the aspect of application has been reported. Joostella atrarenae M1-2T was previously isolated from a seashore sample and it is the second discovered species of the genus Joostella. In this project, the genome of J. atrarenae M1-2T was sequenced using NovaSeq 6000. The final assembled genome is comprised of 71 contigs, a total of 3,983,942 bp, a GC ratio of 33.2%, and encoded for 3,416 genes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of J. atrarenae M1-2T shows 97.3% similarity against J. marina DSM 19592T. Genome-genome comparison between the two strains by ANI, dDDH, AAI, and POCP shows values of 80.8%, 23.3%, 83.4%, and 74.1% respectively. Pan-genome analysis shows that strain M1-2T and J. marina DSM 19592T shared a total of 248 core genes. Taken together, strain M-2T and J. marina DSM 19592T belong to the same genus but are two different species. CAZymes analysis revealed that strain M1-2T harbors 109 GHs, 40 GTs, 5 PLs, 9 CEs, and 6 AAs. Among these CAZymes, while 5 genes are related to cellulose degradation, 12 and 24 genes are found to encode for xylanolytic enzymes and other hemicellulases that involve majorly in the side chain removal of the lignocellulose structure, respectively. Furthermore, both the intracellular and extracellular crude extracts of strain M1-2T exhibited enzymatic activities against CMC, xylan, pNPG, and pNPX substrates, which corresponding to endoglucanase, xylanase, β-glucosidase, and β-xylosidase, respectively. Collectively, description of genome coupled with the enzyme assay results demonstrated that J. atrarenae M1-2T has a role in lignocellulosic biomass degradation, and the strain could be useful for lignocellulosic biorefining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Jun Liew
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | | | - Clarine Wan Ling Hong
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Melvin Chun Yun Tan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
| | - Chun Shiong Chong
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Malaysia
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Tian Y, Xu J, Shi J, Kong M, Guo C, Cui C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhou C. Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of a GHF 11 Xylanase from Alteromonas macleodii HY35 in Escherichia coli. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:134-142. [PMID: 35965062 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A xylanase gene xynZT-1 from Alteromonas macleodii HY35 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The sequencing results showed that the ORF of xynZT-1 was 831 bp. The xylanase DNA sequence encoded a 29 amino acids (aa) signal peptide and a 247-aa mature peptide. The XynZT-1 has been a calculated molecular weight (MW) of 27.93 kDa, isoelectric point (pI) of 5.11 and the formula C1266H1829N327O384S5. The amino acid sequence of the xynZT-1 had a high similarity with that of glycosyl hydrolase family 11 (GHF11) reported from other microorganisms. The DNA sequence encoding mature peptide was subcloned into pET-28a(+) expression vector. The resulted plasmid pET-28a-xynZT-1 was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant strain BL21(DE3)/xynZT-1 was obtained. The optimum temperature and pH of the recombinant XynZT-1 were 45 ℃ and 5.0, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Tian
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Jia Xu
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Jianing Shi
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Mengyuan Kong
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Changjiang Guo
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Caixia Cui
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Yongtao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Yan Wang
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Chenyan Zhou
- Synthetic Biology Engineering Laboratory of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
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Ji Z, Yao G, Jiang L, Wang S. One-Pot Purification and Immobilization of Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase from Bacillus nanhaiensi by Functional Reduced Graphene Oxide. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:555-565. [PMID: 35397050 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The one-pot immobilization of halophilic phenylalanine dehydrogenase from marine microorganism with metal ions modified reduced graphene oxide (CRGO) material was studied. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase was from Bacillus nanhaiensi and expressed with a C-terminal His-tag. Investigation of CRGO, CRGO-PEI, CRCO-Mn, and CRGO-PEI-Mn for one-pot purification and immobilization of phenylalanine dehydrogenase from crude enzyme solution was carried out. Enzyme activity yield rate achieved 80.0% by immobilization with CRCO-Mn, and the loading capacity was 6.7 mg/mg. Manganese ion coordination greatly improved the selectivity of the CRGO for the target His-tagged enzyme. Furthermore, the effect of NaCl concentration on the immobilization was investigated, which the loading capacity of CRGO-PEI and CRGO-Mn-PEI was increased by 10.7% and 30.6% with 1 M NaCl, respectively. The adsorption curves of crude enzyme one-pot immobilized by CRGO-Mn and purified enzyme immobilized by CRGO-Mn were similar. Therefore, one-pot immobilization strategy is promising for industrial application with advantages such as high efficiency and low cost, which shorten the pipelines for enzyme discovery towards industrial applications through the establishing of marine enzyme collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehui Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guangxiao Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
- The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.
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da Silva RN, Melo LFDA, Luna Finkler CL. Optimization of the cultivation conditions of Bacillus licheniformis BCLLNF-01 for cellulase production. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 29:e00599. [PMID: 33728263 PMCID: PMC7935710 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to optimize the production of CMCase by Bacillus licheniformis BCLLNF-01, a strain associated with the mucus of the zoanthid Palythoa caribaeorum (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Production of total cellulase and CMCase was investigated in the supernatant, intracellular content and wall content. Cultivation was carried out in BLM medium supplemented with 1.5 % (w/v) CMC, 5.5 % (v/v) inoculum, 40 °C, pH 6.5, 500 rpm for 72 h, and the highest activity was recorded in the supernatant. A Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) 2³ was used to investigate the influence of the carbon source concentration (CMC-0.5 to 1.5 % w/v), inoculum concentration (1-10 % v/v) and temperature (35-45 °C) on CMCase production. The maximum enzyme activity was achieved for a CMC concentration of 1.5 % w/v at 40 °C, attaining 0.493 IU/mL after 96 h of cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nascimento da Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 55608-250, Brazil
| | - Liany Figuerêdo de Andrade Melo
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 55608-250, Brazil
| | - Christine Lamenha Luna Finkler
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, R. Alto do Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, 55608-250, Brazil
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Park YL, Choi TR, Kim HJ, Song HS, Lee HS, Park SL, Lee SM, Kim SH, Park S, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Sung C, Seo SO, Yang YH. NaCl Concentration-Dependent Aminoglycoside Resistance of Halomonas socia CKY01 and Identification of Related Genes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:250-258. [PMID: 33148940 PMCID: PMC9705875 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2009.09017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among various species of marine bacteria, those belonging to the genus Halomonas have several promising applications and have been studied well. However, not much information has been available on their antibiotic resistance. In our efforts to learn about the antibiotic resistance of strain Halomonas socia CKY01, which showed production of various hydrolases and growth promotion by osmolytes in previous study, we found that it exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics including kanamycin, ampicillin, oxacillin, carbenicillin, gentamicin, apramycin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin. However, the H. socia CKY01 resistance pattern to kanamycin, gentamicin, apramycin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin differed in the presence of 10% NaCl and 1% NaCl in the culture medium. To determine the mechanism underlying this NaCl concentration-dependent antibiotic resistance, we compared four aminoglycoside resistance genes under different salt conditions while also performing time-dependent reverse transcription PCR. We found that the aph2 gene encoding aminoglycoside phosphotransferase showed increased expression under the 10% rather than 1% NaCl conditions. When these genes were overexpressed in an Escherichia coli strain, pETDuet-1::aph2 showed a smaller inhibition zone in the presence of kanamycin, gentamicin, and apramycin than the respective control, suggesting aph2 was involved in aminoglycoside resistance. Our results demonstrated a more direct link between NaCl and aminoglycoside resistance exhibited by the H. socia CKY01 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Lim Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Rim Choi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Song
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Lee Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Mi Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Serom Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul 0509, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Changmin Sung
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Oh Seo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 1662, Republic of Korea,S.O. Seo Fax: +82-2-2164-4316 E-mail:
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul 0509, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors Y.H. Yang Fax: +82-2-3437-8360 E-mail:
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A Novel Digestive α-Amylase from Blue Crab ( Portunus segnis) Viscera: Purification, Biochemical Characterization and Application for the Improvement of Antioxidant Potential of Oat Flour. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031070. [PMID: 33499004 PMCID: PMC7865747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports on the purification and characterization of a digestive α-amylase from blue crab (Portunussegnis) viscera designated Blue Crab Amylase (BCA). The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and Sepharose mono Q anion exchange chromatography, with the final purification fold of 424.02, specific activity of 1390.8 U mg−1 and 27.8% recovery. BCA, showing a molecular weight of approximately 45 kDa, possesses desirable biotechnological features, such as optimal temperature of 50 °C, interesting thermal stability which is enhanced in the presence of starch, high stability towards surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100), high specific activity, quite high storage and broad pH range stability. The enzyme displayed Km and Vmax values, of 7.5 ± 0.25 mg mL−1 and 2000 ± 23 μmol min−1 mg−1 for potato starch, respectively. It hydrolyzed various carbohydrates and produced maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose as the major end products of starch hydrolysis. In addition, the purified enzyme was successfully utilized for the improvement of the antioxidant potential of oat flour, which could be extended to other cereals. Interestingly, besides its suitability for application in different industrial sectors, especially food industries, the biochemical properties of BCA from the blue crab viscera provide novel features with other marine-derived enzymes and better understanding of the biodegradability of carbohydrates in marine environments, particularly in invasive alien crustaceans.
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Barzkar N, Sohail M, Tamadoni Jahromi S, Gozari M, Poormozaffar S, Nahavandi R, Hafezieh M. Marine Bacterial Esterases: Emerging Biocatalysts for Industrial Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1187-1214. [PMID: 33411134 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The marine ecosystem has been known to be a significant source of novel enzymes. Esterase enzymes (EC 3.1.1.1) represent a diverse group of hydrolases that catalyze the cleavage and formation of ester bonds. Although esterases are widely distributed among marine organisms, only microbial esterases are of paramount industrial importance. This article discusses the importance of marine microbial esterases, their biochemical and kinetic properties, and their stability under extreme conditions. Since culture-dependent techniques provide limited insights into microbial diversity of the marine ecosystem, therefore, genomics and metagenomics approaches have widely been adopted in search of novel esterases. Additionally, the article also explains industrial applications of marine bacterial esterases particularly for the synthesis of optically pure substances, the preparation of enantiomerically pure drugs, the degradation of human-made plastics and organophosphorus compounds, degradation of the lipophilic components of the ink, and production of short-chain flavor esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Barzkar
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, 7931674576, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gozari
- Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sajjad Poormozaffar
- Persian Gulf Mollusks Research Station, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Bandar-e-Lengeh, Iran
| | - Reza Nahavandi
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hafezieh
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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Park YL, Choi TR, Han YH, Song HS, Park JY, Bhatia SK, Gurav R, Choi KY, Kim YG, Yang YH. Effects of osmolytes on salt resistance of Halomonas socia CKY01 and identification of osmolytes-related genes by genome sequencing. J Biotechnol 2020; 322:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sun H, Gao L, Xue C, Mao X. Marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes: Status and prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2767-2796. [PMID: 33337030 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes have recently been studied extensively. They are particularly interesting as they catalyze the cleavage of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharide macromolecules and produce oligosaccharides with low degrees of polymerization. Numerous findings have demonstrated that marine polysaccharides and their biotransformed products possess beneficial properties including antitumor, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory activities, and they have great value in healthcare, cosmetics, the food industry, and agriculture. Exploitation of enzymes that can degrade marine polysaccharides is in the ascendant, and is important for high-value use of marine biomass resources. In this review, we describe research and prospects regarding the classification, biochemical properties, and catalytic mechanisms of the main types of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes, focusing on chitinase, chitosanase, alginate lyase, agarase, and carrageenase, and their product oligosaccharides. The state-of-the-art discussion of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes and their properties offers information that might enable more efficient production of marine oligosaccharides. We also highlight current problems in the field of marine-polysaccharide degrading enzymes and trends in their development. Understanding the properties, catalytic mechanisms, and modification of known enzymes will aid the identification of novel enzymes to degrade marine polysaccharides and facilitation of their use in various biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Department of Food Engineering and Nutrition, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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12
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Wu JS, Meng QY, Zhang YH, Shi XH, Fu XM, Zhang P, Li X, Shao CL, Wang CY. Annular oxygenation and rearrangement products of cryptotanshinone by biotransformation with marine-derived fungi Cochliobolus lunatus and Aspergillus terreus. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104192. [PMID: 32889382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Structural modification of natural products by biotransformation with fungi is an attractive tool to obtain novel bioactive derivatives. In the present study, cryptotanshinone (1), a quinoid abietane diterpene from traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), was transformed by two marine-derived fungi. By using Cochliobolus lunatus TA26-46, one new oxygenated and rearranged product (2), containing a 5,6-dihydropyrano[4,3-b]chromene moiety, together with one known metabolite (10), were obtained from the converted broth of cryptotanshinone (1) with the isolated yields of 1.0% and 2.1%, respectively. While, under the action of Aspergillus terreus RA2905, seven new transformation products (3-9) as well as 10 with the fragments of 2-methylpropan-1-ol and oxygenated p-benzoquinone were produced and obtained with the isolated yields of 0.1%-1.3%. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis including High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectroscopy (HRESIMS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD). The metabolic pathways of cryptotanshinone by these two fungi were presumed to be the opening and rearrangement of furan ring, and/or oxygenation of cyclohexane ring. Cryptotanshinone (1) and its metabolites displayed anti-inflammatory activities against NO production in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells and antibacterial activities towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. These findings revealed the potential of marine fungi to transform the structures of natural products by biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Yu Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Mei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China; Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
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13
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de Oliveira BFR, Carr CM, Dobson ADW, Laport MS. Harnessing the sponge microbiome for industrial biocatalysts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8131-8154. [PMID: 32827049 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Within the marine sphere, host-associated microbiomes are receiving growing attention as prolific sources of novel biocatalysts. Given the known biocatalytic potential of poriferan microbial inhabitants, this review focuses on enzymes from the sponge microbiome, with special attention on their relevant properties and the wide range of their potential biotechnological applications within various industries. Cultivable bacterial and filamentous fungal isolates account for the majority of the enzymatic sources. Hydrolases, mainly glycoside hydrolases and carboxylesterases, are the predominant reported group of enzymes, with varying degrees of tolerance to alkaline pH and growing salt concentrations being common. Prospective areas for the application of these microbial enzymes include biorefinery, detergent, food and effluent treatment industries. Finally, alternative strategies to identify novel biocatalysts from the sponge microbiome are addressed, with an emphasis on modern -omics-based approaches that are currently available in the enzyme research arena. By providing this current overview of the field, we hope to not only increase the appetite of researchers to instigate forthcoming studies but also to stress how basic and applied research can pave the way for new biocatalysts from these symbiotic microbial communities in a productive fashion. KEY POINTS: • The sponge microbiome is a burgeoning source of industrial biocatalysts. • Sponge microbial enzymes have useful habitat-related traits for several industries. • Strategies are provided for the future discovery of microbial enzymes from sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Clodagh M Carr
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan D W Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marinella Silva Laport
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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14
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Perera E, Rodriguez-Viera L, Montero-Alejo V, Perdomo-Morales R. Crustacean Proteases and Their Application in Debridement. Trop Life Sci Res 2020; 31:187-209. [PMID: 32922675 PMCID: PMC7470474 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive proteases from marine organisms have been poorly applied to biomedicine. Exceptions are trypsin and other digestive proteases from a few cold-adapted or temperate fish and crustacean species. These enzymes are more efficient than enzymes from microorganism and higher vertebrates that have been used traditionally. However, the biomedical potential of digestive proteases from warm environment species has received less research attention. This review aims to provide an overview of this unrealised biomedical potential, using the debridement application as a paradigm. Debridement is intended to remove nonviable, necrotic and contaminated tissue, as well as fibrin clots, and is a key step in wound treatment. We discuss the physiological role of enzymes in wound healing, the use of exogenous enzymes in debridement, and the limitations of cold-adapted enzymes such as their poor thermal stability. We show that digestive proteases from tropical crustaceans may have advantages over their cold-adapted counterparts for this and similar uses. Differences in thermal stability, auto-proteolytic stability, and susceptibility to proteinase inhibitors are discussed. Furthermore, it is proposed that the feeding behaviour of the source organism may direct the evaluation of enzymes for particular applications, as digestive proteases have evolved to fill a wide variety of feeding habitats, natural substrates, and environmental conditions. We encourage more research on the biomedical application of digestive enzymes from tropical marine crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Perera
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Castellón, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Vivian Montero-Alejo
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
| | - Rolando Perdomo-Morales
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Havana, Cuba
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15
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Kalkan SO, Bozcal E, Hames Tuna EE, Uzel A. Characterisation of a thermostable and proteolysis resistant phytase from Penicillium polonicum MF82 associated with the marine sponge Phorbas sp. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2020.1785434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saban Orcun Kalkan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Bozcal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Esin Hames Tuna
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Atac Uzel
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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16
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Salas-Ovilla R, Gálvez-López D, Vázquez-Ovando A, Salvador-Figueroa M, Rosas-Quijano R. Isolation and identification of marine strains of Stenotrophomona maltophilia with high chitinolytic activity. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6102. [PMID: 30627485 PMCID: PMC6321750 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant organic compound in nature and represents a rich carbon and nitrogen source that is primarily transformed by bacterial communities. Bacteria capable of gradually hydrolyzing chitin into N-acetylglucosamine monomers can have applications in the transformation of residues from shrimp and other crustaceans. The objective of the present study was to isolate, characterize and identify microorganisms with high chitinolytic activity. These microorganisms were isolated and characterized based on macro- and microscopic morphological traits. Strains were selected on colloidal chitin agar medium primarily based on a hydrolysis halo larger than 2 mm and a growing phase no longer than 6 days. Secondary selection consisted of semi-quantitative evaluation of chitinolytic activity with a drop dilution assay. From the above, ten strains were selected. Then, strain-specific activity was evaluated. The B4 strain showed the highest specific activity, which was 6,677.07 U/mg protein. Molecular identification indicated that the isolated strains belong to the species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Salas-Ovilla
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Didiana Gálvez-López
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
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17
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Lin JD, Lemay MA, Parfrey LW. Diverse Bacteria Utilize Alginate Within the Microbiome of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1914. [PMID: 30177919 PMCID: PMC6110156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are integral to marine carbon cycling. They transfer organic carbon to higher trophic levels and remineralise it into inorganic forms. Kelp forests are among the most productive ecosystems within the global oceans, yet the diversity and metabolic capacity of bacteria that transform kelp carbon is poorly understood. Here, we use 16S amplicon and metagenomic shotgun sequencing to survey bacterial communities associated with the surfaces of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera and assess the capacity of these bacteria for carbohydrate metabolism. We find that Macrocystis-associated communities are distinct from the water column, and that they become more diverse and shift in composition with blade depth, which is a proxy for tissue age. These patterns are also observed in metagenomic functional profiles, though the broader functional groups—carbohydrate active enzyme families—are largely consistent across samples and depths. Additionally, we assayed more than 250 isolates cultured from Macrocystis blades and the surrounding water column for the ability to utilize alginate, the primary polysaccharide in Macrocystis tissue. The majority of cultured bacteria (66%) demonstrated this capacity; we find that alginate utilization is patchily distributed across diverse genera in the Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, yet can also vary between isolates with identical 16S rRNA sequences. The genes encoding enzymes involved in alginate metabolism were detected in metagenomic data across taxonomically diverse bacterial communities, further indicating this capacity is likely widespread amongst bacteria in kelp forests. Overall, the M. pyrifera epibiota shifts across a depth gradient, demonstrating a connection between bacterial assemblage and host tissue state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Lin
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew A Lemay
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada
| | - Laura W Parfrey
- Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Izadpanah Qeshmi F, Homaei A, Fernandes P, Javadpour S. Marine microbial L-asparaginase: Biochemistry, molecular approaches and applications in tumor therapy and in food industry. Microbiol Res 2018; 208:99-112. [PMID: 29551216 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment is a rich source of biological and chemical diversity. It covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface and features a wide diversity of habitats, often displaying extreme conditions, where marine organisms thrive, offering a vast pool for microorganisms and enzymes. Given the dissimilarity between marine and terrestrial habitats, enzymes and microorganisms, either novel or with different and appealing features as compared to terrestrial counterparts, may be identified and isolated. L-asparaginase (E.C. 3.5.1.1), is among the relevant enzymes that can be obtained from marine sources. This amidohydrolase acts on L-asparagine and produce L-aspartate and ammonia, accordingly it has an acknowledged chemotherapeutic application, namely in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Moreover, L-asparaginase is also of interest in the food industry as it prevents acrylamide formation. Terrestrial organisms have been largely tapped for L-asparaginases, but most failed to comply with criteria for practical applications, whereas marine sources have only been marginally screened. This work provides an overview on the relevant features of this enzyme and the framework for its application, with a clear emphasis on the use of L-asparaginase from marine sources. The review envisages to highlight the unique properties of marine L-asparaginases that could make them good candidates for medical applications and industries, especially in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Av. Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sedigheh Javadpour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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