1
|
Kurzylewska M, Turska-Szewczuk A, Dworaczek K, Bomba A, Drzewiecka D, Pękala-Safińska A. Immunochemical studies and gene cluster relationships of closely related O-antigens of Aeromonas hydrophila Pt679, Aeromonas popoffii A4, and Aeromonas sobria K928 strains classified into the PGO1 serogroup dominant in Polish aquaculture of carp and rainbow trout. Carbohydr Res 2023; 531:108896. [PMID: 37437416 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study included three Aeromonas sp. strains isolated from fish tissues during Motile Aeromonas Infection/Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia disease outbreaks on commercial farms, i.e.: Aeromonas hydrophila Pt679 obtained from rainbow trout as well as Aeromonas popoffii A4 (formerly Aeromonas encheleia) and Aeromonas sobria K928 both isolated from carp, which were classified into the new provisional PGO1 serogroup prevailing among aeromonads in Polish aquaculture. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharides of A4 and K928 has been previously established. Here, immunochemical studies of the O-specific polysaccharide of A. hydrophila Pt679 were undertaken. The O-specific polysaccharide was obtained from the lipopolysaccharide of A. hydrophila Pt679 after mild acid hydrolysis and separation by gel-permeation chromatography. The high-molecular-mass fraction was studied using chemical methods and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including 1H,1H NOESY, and 1H,13C HMBC experiments. The following structure of the branched repeating unit of the O-polysaccharide from A. hydrophila Pt679 was determined: [Formula: see text] The studies indicated that O-polysaccharides from A. hydrophila Pt679, A. popoffii A4 and A. sobria K928 share similarities but they also contain unique characteristics. Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the cross-reactivity of the related O-antigens is caused by the occurrence of common structural elements, whereas additional epitopes define the specificity of the O-serotypes. For genetic relationship studies, the O-antigen gene cluster was characterized in the genome of the A. hydrophila Pt679 strain and compared with the corresponding sequences of A. popoffii A4 and A. sobria K928 and with sequences available in the databases. The composition of the regions was found to be consistent with the O-antigen structures of Aeromonas strains classified into the same PGO1 serogroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kurzylewska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Turska-Szewczuk
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Dworaczek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Bomba
- Department of Omics Analyses, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Dominika Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of General Microbiology, Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oliver LP, Bruce TJ, Ma J, Jones EM, Cain KD. Development of a monoclonal antibody specific to burbot (Lota lota) IgM and optimization of an ELISA to measure anti-Aeromonas sp. antibody titers following pathogen challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108775. [PMID: 37105427 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Burbot (Lota lota) are an ideal candidate for cool or cold-water aquaculture and are gaining interest because of their high economic value, low temperature requirements, and fast growth rate. Limited information exists on the innate and adaptive immune systems of this species. This is partly due to the lack of species-specific tools to determine antibody responses following disease or vaccination or to characterize the immune response in general. An anti-IgM monoclonal antibody (mAb 27C) was developed and characterized via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot for species specificity, affinity to the heavy chain of burbot IgM, and cross-reactivity to other reagents used in the analysis. The 27C monoclonal antibody was further utilized to develop an ELISA protocol to measure the specific antibody response of burbot following exposure to two pathogenic strains of Aeromonas sp. (A141 and IR004). This ELISA confirmed that vaccinated burbot that survived the challenge with either strain developed statistically higher titers of anti-Aeromonas antibodies specific for the relative strain when compared to fish that were not vaccinated or challenged. Western blot analysis further demonstrated that burbot surviving challenge had serum IgM that recognized distinct antigens specific to the strain they were challenged with, A141 bound to antigens in the 50-250Kda range and IR004 bound to a distinct 150Kda antigen. Western blots further indicated that each strain shared antigenic regions regardless of experimental Aeromonas strain exposure. Finally, immunofluorescent staining confirmed that mAb 27C binds to membrane-bound IgM (presumably B cells) on burbot head kidney cells. Taken together, results from this study demonstrate that mAb 27C specifically recognized burbot IgM and will be an important tool to further characterize the adaptive and cellular immune responses of this fish species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke P Oliver
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Timothy J Bruce
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA; School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Evan M Jones
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bacteriophages in the Control of Aeromonas sp. in Aquaculture Systems: An Integrative View. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020163. [PMID: 35203766 PMCID: PMC8868336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species often cause disease in farmed fish and are responsible for causing significant economic losses worldwide. Although vaccination is the ideal method to prevent infectious diseases, there are still very few vaccines commercially available in the aquaculture field. Currently, aquaculture production relies heavily on antibiotics, contributing to the global issue of the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective alternatives to antibiotics to reduce their use in aquaculture systems. Bacteriophage (or phage) therapy is a promising approach to control pathogenic bacteria in farmed fish that requires a heavy understanding of certain factors such as the selection of phages, the multiplicity of infection that produces the best bacterial inactivation, bacterial resistance, safety, the host’s immune response, administration route, phage stability and influence. This review focuses on the need to advance phage therapy research in aquaculture, its efficiency as an antimicrobial strategy and the critical aspects to successfully apply this therapy to control Aeromonas infection in fish.
Collapse
|
5
|
Complete Characterization of the O-Antigen from the LPS of Aeromonas bivalvium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031204. [PMID: 35163128 PMCID: PMC8835325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas species are found in the aquatic environment, drinking water, bottled mineral water, and different types of foods, such as meat, fish, seafood, or vegetables. Some of these species are primary or opportunistic pathogens for invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans. Among the pathogenic factors associated with these species, there are the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). LPSs are the major components of the external leaflet of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. LPS is a glycoconjugate, generally composed of three portions: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide or O-antigen. The latter, which may be present (smooth LPS) or not (rough LPS), is the most exposed part of the LPS and is involved in the pathogenicity by protecting infecting bacteria from serum complement killing and phagocytosis. The O-antigen is a polymer of repeating oligosaccharide units with high structural variability, particularly the terminal sugar, that confers the immunological specificity to the O-antigen. In this study, we established the structure of the O-chain repeating unit of the LPS from Aeromonas bivalvium strain 868 ET (=CECT 7113T = LMG 23376T), a mesophilic bacterium isolated from cockles (Cardium sp.) and obtained from a retail market in Barcelona (Spain), whose biosynthesis core LPS cluster does not contain the waaE gene as most of Aeromonas species. After mild acid hydrolysis, the lipid A was removed by centrifugation and the obtained polysaccharide was fully characterized by chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The polymer consists of a heptasaccharide repeating unit containing D-GalNAc, L-Rha, D-GlcNAc, and D-FucNAc residues.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dworaczek K, Kurzylewska M, Laban M, Drzewiecka D, Pękala-Safińska A, Turska-Szewczuk A. Structural Studies of the Lipopolysaccharide of Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria Strain K133 Which Represents New Provisional Serogroup PGO1 Prevailing among Mesophilic Aeromonads on Polish Fish Farms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084272. [PMID: 33924078 PMCID: PMC8074265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we performed immunochemical studies of LPS, especially the O-specific polysaccharide (O-PS) of Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria strain K133, which was isolated from the kidney of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) during an outbreak of motile aeromonad infection/motile aeromonad septicemia (MAI/MAS) on a Polish fish farm. The structural characterization of the O-PS, which was obtained by mild acid degradation of the LPS, was performed with chemical methods, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was revealed that the O-PS has a unique composition of a linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit and contains a rarely occurring sugar 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose (bacillosamine), which may determine the specificity of the serogroup. Western blotting and ELISA confirmed that A. veronii bv. sobria strain K133 belongs to the new serogroup PGO1, which is one of the most commonly represented immunotypes among carp and trout isolates of Aeromonas sp. in Polish aquacultures. Considering the increase in the MAI/MAS incidences and their impact on freshwater species, also with economic importance, and in the absence of an effective immunoprophylaxis, studies of the Aeromonas O-antigens are relevant in the light of epidemiological data and monitoring emergent pathogens representing unknown antigenic variants and serotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dworaczek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (M.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Maria Kurzylewska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (M.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Magdalena Laban
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (M.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Dominika Drzewiecka
- Laboratory of General Microbiology, Department of Biology of Bacteria, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16 St., 90-237 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 St., 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Anna Turska-Szewczuk
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.D.); (M.K.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-537-50-18; Fax: +48-81-537-59-59
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang B, Mao C, Feng J, Li Y, Hu J, Jiang B, Gu Q, Su Y. A First Report of Aeromonas veronii Infection of the Sea Bass, Lateolabrax maculatus in China. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:600587. [PMID: 33553279 PMCID: PMC7855973 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.600587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus is commercially farmed in Zhuhai, located in the Guangdong Province of China. L. maculatus in aquaculture have suffered acute death, characterized by ulcerations on the body surface, congestion, and hemorrhage in internal organs such as liver, kidney, and spleen. The dominant infecting strain of bacteria isolated from the kidneys of diseased fish was identified as Aeromonas veronii (strain 18BJ181). This identification was based on analysis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical features, as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. Drug sensitivity testing showed that the strain 18BJ181 isolate was resistant to four antibacterial drugs, including amoxicillin, madinomycin, penicillin and sulfamethoxazole, while moderately sensitive to erythromycin and rifampicin. The detection of growth characteristics showed that the strain 18BJ181 exhibited adaptability to the environment. In addition, some virulence genes, such as aer, act, gcaT, tapA and fla, were detected in the strain 18BJ181. The median lethal dosage of the strain 18BJ181 isolate in L. maculatus was 8.5 × 105 and 4.2 × 105 cfu/g under the conditions of intraperitoneal injection and intramuscular injection, respectively. The experimentally induced infection showed that the 18BJ181 isolate caused considerable histological lesions in L. maculatus, including tissue degeneration, necrosis, and different degrees of hemorrhage. These results provided evidence for a more comprehensive understanding of A. veronii strain 18BJ181 infection in L. maculatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baotun Wang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Mao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Modern Agricultural Development Center of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianmei Hu
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunhong Gu
- Modern Agricultural Development Center of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai, China
| | - Youlu Su
- Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Modern Agricultural Development Center of Zhuhai City, Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dworaczek K, Kurzylewska M, Laban M, Pękala-Safińska A, Marczak M, Turska-Szewczuk A. Structure of the disaccharide repeating unit of O-specific polysaccharide isolated from Aeromonas veronii strain Bs8 pathogenic to common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Carbohydr Res 2020; 500:108210. [PMID: 33298315 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Aeromonas veronii strain Bs8, which is pathogenic to common carp (Cyprinus carpio), after mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel-permeation chromatography. The high-molecular-mass OPS fraction was investigated using chemical methods, mass spectrometry, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques, including 2D homonuclear 1H,1H TOCSY, DQF COSY, NOESY, and heteronuclear 1H-detected 1H,13C HSQC, and HMBC experiments. The analysis revealed that the O-specific polysaccharide contains sugars with the galacto configuration of the ring and is composed of a disaccharide repeating unit with the following structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dworaczek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Kurzylewska
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Laban
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Marczak
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Turska-Szewczuk
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marine Glycoconjugates: Trends and Perspectives. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020120. [PMID: 32085418 PMCID: PMC7074032 DOI: 10.3390/md18020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|