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Wang D, Qin L, Jing C, Wang G, Zhou H, Deng P, Zhang S, Wang Y, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Liu Y. Biologically active isoquinoline alkaloids covering 2019-2022. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107252. [PMID: 38437763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids are an important class of natural products that are abundant in the plant kingdom and exhibit a wide range of structural diversity and biological activities. With the deepening of research in recent years, more and more isoquinoline alkaloids have been isolated and identified and proved to contain a variety of biological activities and pharmacological effects. In this review, we introduce the research progress of isoquinoline alkaloids from 2019 to 2022, mainly in the part of biological activities, including antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, analgesic, and other activities. This study provides a clear direction for the rational development and utilization of isoquinoline alkaloids, suggesting that these alkaloids have great potential in the field of drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengtuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lulu Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chenxin Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guanghan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shaoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yanyan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China; State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Vijayakumar A, Manod M, Krishna RB, Mathew A, Mohan C. Diversely functionalized isoquinolines and their core-embedded heterocyclic frameworks: a privileged scaffold for medicinal chemistry. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2509-2534. [PMID: 38107174 PMCID: PMC10718595 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline-enrooted organic small-molecules represent a challenging molecular target in the organic synthesis arsenal attributed to their structural diversity and therapeutic importance. Into the bargain, isoquinolines are significant structural frameworks in modern medicinal chemistry and drug development. Consequently, synthetic organic and medicinal chemists have been intensely interested in efficient synthetic tactics for the sustainable construction of isoquinoline frameworks and their derivatives in enantiopure or racemic forms. This review accentuates an overview of the literature on the modern synthetic approaches exploited in synthesising isoquinolines and their core embedded heterocyclic skeletons from 2021 to 2022. In detail, the methodologies and inspected pharmacological studies for the array of diversely functionalized isoquinolines or their core-embedded heterocyclic/carbocyclic structures involving the introduction of substituents at C-1, C-3, and C-4 carbon and N-2 atom, bond constructions at the C1-N2 atom and C3-N2 atom, and structural scaffolding within isoquinoline compounds have been reviewed. This intensive study highlights the need for and relevance of relatively unexplored bioisosterism employing isoquinoline-based small-molecules in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vijayakumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - M Manod
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - R Bharath Krishna
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
| | - Abra Mathew
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678577 India
| | - Chithra Mohan
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686560 India
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3
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Chitolina R, Gallas-Lopes M, Reis CG, Benvenutti R, Stahlhofer-Buss T, Calcagnotto ME, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Chemically-induced epileptic seizures in zebrafish: A systematic review. Epilepsy Res 2023; 197:107236. [PMID: 37801749 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish as a model organism is gaining evidence in the field of epilepsy as it may help to understand the mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures. As zebrafish assays became popular, the heterogeneity between protocols increased, making it hard to choose a standard protocol to conduct research while also impairing the comparison of results between studies. We conducted a systematic review to comprehensively profile the chemically-induced seizure models in zebrafish. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, followed by a two-step screening process based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Qualitative data were extracted, and a sample of 100 studies was randomly selected for risk of bias assessment. Out of the 1058 studies identified after removing duplicates, 201 met the inclusion criteria. We found that the most common chemoconvulsants used in the reviewed studies were pentylenetetrazole (n = 180), kainic acid (n = 11), and pilocarpine (n = 10), which increase seizure severity in a dose-dependent manner. The main outcomes assessed were seizure scores and locomotion. Significant variability between the protocols was observed for administration route, duration of exposure, and dose/concentration. Of the studies subjected to risk of bias assessment, most were rated as low risk of bias for selective reporting (94%), baseline characteristics of the animals (67%), and blinded outcome assessment (54%). Randomization procedures and incomplete data were rated unclear in 81% and 68% of the studies, respectively. None of the studies reported the sample size calculation. Overall, these findings underscore the need for improved methodological and reporting practices to enhance the reproducibility and reliability of zebrafish models for studying epilepsy. Our study offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of chemically-induced seizure models in zebrafish, highlighting the common chemoconvulsants used and the variability in protocol parameters. This may be particularly valuable to researchers interested in understanding the underlying mechanisms of epileptic seizures and screening potential drug candidates in zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chitolina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallas-Lopes
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Radharani Benvenutti
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thailana Stahlhofer-Buss
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Neuroquímica da Excitabilidade Neuronal e Plasticidade Sináptica (NNNESP Lab), Departamento de bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Kollipara R, Langille E, Tobin C, French CR. Phytocannabinoids Reduce Seizures in Larval Zebrafish and Affect Endocannabinoid Gene Expression. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1398. [PMID: 37759798 PMCID: PMC10526363 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has demonstrated anticonvulsant properties, and about thirty percent of epileptic patients do not have satisfactory seizure management with standard treatment and could potentially benefit from cannabis-based intervention. Here, we report the use of cannabinoids to treat pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsions in a zebrafish model, their effect on gene expression, and a simple assay for assessing their uptake in zebrafish tissues. Using an optimized behavioral assay, we show that cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabichromene (CBC) and cannabinol (CBN) are effective at reducing seizures at low doses, with little evidence of sedation, and our novel HPLC assay indicates that CBC is effective with the lowest accumulation in larval tissues. All cannabinoids tested were effective at higher concentrations. Pharmacological manipulation of potential receptors demonstrates that Gpr55 partially mediates the anticonvulsant effects of CBD. Treatment of zebrafish larvae with endocannabinoids, such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA), altered larvae movement, and the expression of genes that regulate their metabolism was affected by phytocannabinoid treatment, highlighting the possibility that changes to endocannabinoid levels may represent one facet of the anticonvulsant effect of phytocannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Kollipara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (R.K.); (C.T.)
| | - Evan Langille
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada;
| | - Cameron Tobin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (R.K.); (C.T.)
| | - Curtis R. French
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (R.K.); (C.T.)
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Yang M, Dong M, Wu QY, Yao S, Pu G, Ma YY, Xiong RF, Hu QF, Wang F, Li YK. Three new isoquinoline alkaloids from the fermentation of Aspergillus sp. 0338 and their anti-MRSA activities. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37695019 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2254455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that bioactive substances produced by microbial endophytes have applicability in medicine, agriculture and industry. To enrich the bioactive substances, in our search for new bioactive metabolites from fungi Aspergillus, the phytochemical reinvestigation on the Aspergillus sp. 0338 was carried out, and this led to the isolation of three new (1-3) and five known alkaloids (4-8). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques, as well as comparison with literature values. Additionally, compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their anti-MRSA activities. The results revealed that compounds 1-3 exhibited good inhibitions with IZD of 15.2 ± 1.8, 14.6 ± 2.0, and 13.4 ± 2.2 mm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Miao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Shui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Gui Pu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Feng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Fen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, P. R. China
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Malaník M, Čulenová M, Sychrová A, Skiba A, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Šmejkal K. Treating Epilepsy with Natural Products: Nonsense or Possibility? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1061. [PMID: 37630977 PMCID: PMC10459181 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures that can lead to uncontrollable muscle twitching, changes in sensitivity to sensory perceptions, and disorders of consciousness. Although modern medicine has effective antiepileptic drugs, the need for accessible and cost-effective medication is urgent, and products derived from plants could offer a solution. For this review, we have focused on natural compounds that have shown anticonvulsant activity in in vivo models of epilepsy at relevant doses. In some cases, the effects have been confirmed by clinical data. The results of our search are summarized in tables according to their molecular targets. We have critically evaluated the data we present, identified the most promising therapeutic candidates, and discussed these in the text. Their perspectives are supported by both pharmacokinetic properties and potential interactions. This review is intended to serve as a basis for future research into epilepsy and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Malaník
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
| | - Marie Čulenová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
| | - Alice Sychrová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
| | - Adrianna Skiba
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého 1946/1, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.Š.)
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Crawford AD. Identification of anti-epileptic natural products using zebrafish. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Crawford
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Elizabeth Stephansens vei 15, 1430 Ås, Norway
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Pardon M, Claes P, Druwé S, Martini M, Siekierska A, Menet C, de Witte PAM, Copmans D. Modulation of sleep behavior in zebrafish larvae by pharmacological targeting of the orexin receptor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1012622. [PMID: 36339591 PMCID: PMC9632972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1012622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
New pharmacological approaches that target orexin receptors (OXRs) are being developed to treat sleep disorders such as insomnia and narcolepsy, with fewer side effects than existing treatments. Orexins are neuropeptides that exert excitatory effects on postsynaptic neurons via the OXRs, and are important in regulating sleep/wake states. To date, there are three FDA-approved dual orexin receptor antagonists for the treatment of insomnia, and several small molecule oral OX2R (OXR type 2) agonists are in the pipeline for addressing the orexin deficiency in narcolepsy. To find new hypnotics and psychostimulants, rodents have been the model of choice, but they are costly and have substantially different sleep patterns to humans. As an alternative model, zebrafish larvae that like humans are diurnal and show peak daytime activity and rest at night offer several potential advantages including the ability for high throughput screening. To pharmacologically validate the use of a zebrafish model in the discovery of new compounds, we aimed in this study to evaluate the functionality of a set of known small molecule OX2R agonists and antagonists on human and zebrafish OXRs and to probe their effects on the behavior of zebrafish larvae. To this end, we developed an in vitro IP-One Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) immunoassay, and in vivo locomotor assays that record the locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae under physiological light conditions as well as under dark-light triggers. We demonstrate that the functional IP-One test is a good predictor of biological activity in vivo. Moreover, the behavioral data show that a high-throughput assay that records the locomotor activity of zebrafish throughout the evening, night and morning is able to distinguish between OXR agonists and antagonists active on the zebrafish OXR. Conversely, a locomotor assay with alternating 30 min dark-light transitions throughout the day is not able to distinguish between the two sets of compounds, indicating the importance of circadian rhythm to their pharmacological activity. Overall, the results show that a functional IP-one test in combination with a behavioral assay using zebrafish is well-suited as a discovery platform to find novel compounds that target OXRs for the treatment of sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pardon
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Aleksandra Siekierska
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Peter A. M. de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniëlle Copmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Deep-Sea Natural Products from Extreme Environments: Cold Seeps and Hydrothermal Vents. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060404. [PMID: 35736207 PMCID: PMC9229347 DOI: 10.3390/md20060404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The deep sea has been proven to be a great treasure for structurally unique and biologically active natural products in the last two decades. Cold seeps and hydrothermal vents, as typical representatives of deep-sea extreme environments, have attracted more and more attention. This review mainly summarizes the natural products of marine animals, marine fungi, and marine bacteria derived from deep-sea cold seeps and hydrothermal vents as well as their biological activities. In general, there were 182 compounds reported, citing 132 references and covering the literature from the first report in 1984 up to March 2022. The sources of the compounds are represented by the genera Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Streptomyces sp., and so on. It is worth mentioning that 90 of the 182 compounds are new and that almost 60% of the reported structures exhibited diverse bioactivities, which became attractive targets for relevant organic synthetic and biosynthetic studies.
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Zebrafish Larvae Behavior Models as a Tool for Drug Screenings and Pre-Clinical Trials: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126647. [PMID: 35743088 PMCID: PMC9223633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To discover new molecules or review the biological activity and toxicity of therapeutic substances, drug development, and research relies on robust biological systems to obtain reliable results. Phenotype-based screenings can transpose the organism’s compensatory pathways by adopting multi-target strategies for treating complex diseases, and zebrafish emerged as an important model for biomedical research and drug screenings. Zebrafish’s clear correlation between neuro-anatomical and physiological features and behavior is very similar to that verified in mammals, enabling the construction of reliable and relevant experimental models for neurological disorders research. Zebrafish presents highly conserved physiological pathways that are found in higher vertebrates, including mammals, along with a robust behavioral repertoire. Moreover, it is very sensitive to pharmacological/environmental manipulations, and these behavioral phenotypes are detected in both larvae and adults. These advantages align with the 3Rs concept and qualify the zebrafish as a powerful tool for drug screenings and pre-clinical trials. This review highlights important behavioral domains studied in zebrafish larvae and their neurotransmitter systems and summarizes currently used techniques to evaluate and quantify zebrafish larvae behavior in laboratory studies.
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Differential Electrographic Signatures Generated by Mechanistically-Diverse Seizurogenic Compounds in the Larval Zebrafish Brain. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0337-21.2022. [PMID: 35228313 PMCID: PMC8970338 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0337-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed similarities and differences in the electrographic signatures of local field potentials (LFPs) evoked by different pharmacological agents in zebrafish larvae. We then compared and contrasted these characteristics with what is known from electrophysiological studies of seizures and epilepsy in mammals, including humans. Ultimately, our aim was to phenotype neurophysiological features of drug-induced seizures in larval zebrafish for expanding knowledge on the translational potential of this valuable alternative to mammalian models. LFPs were recorded from the midbrain of 4-d-old zebrafish larvae exposed to a pharmacologically diverse panel of seizurogenic compounds, and the outputs of these recordings were assessed using frequency domain analysis. This included analysis of changes occurring within various spectral frequency bands of relevance to mammalian CNS circuit pathophysiology. From these analyses, there were clear differences in the frequency spectra of drug-exposed LFPs, relative to controls, many of which shared notable similarities with the signatures exhibited by mammalian CNS circuits. These similarities included the presence of specific frequency components comparable to those observed in mammalian studies of seizures and epilepsy. Collectively, the data presented provide important information to support the value of larval zebrafish as an alternative model for the study of seizures and epilepsy. These data also provide further insight into the electrophysiological characteristics of seizures generated in nonmammalian species by the action of neuroactive drugs.
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From the North Sea to Drug Repurposing, the Antiseizure Activity of Halimide and Plinabulin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020247. [PMID: 35215359 PMCID: PMC8878679 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PharmaSea performed large-scale in vivo screening of marine natural product (MNP) extracts, using zebrafish embryos and larvae, to identify compounds with the potential to treat epilepsy. In this study, we report the discovery of two new antiseizure compounds, the 2,5-diketopiperazine halimide and its semi-synthetic analogue, plinabulin. Interestingly, these are both known microtubule destabilizing agents, and plinabulin could have the potential for drug repurposing, as it is already in clinical trials for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Both halimide and plinabulin were found to have antiseizure activity in the larval zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure model via automated locomotor analysis and non-invasive local field potential recordings. The efficacy of plinabulin was further characterized in animal models of drug-resistant seizures, i.e., the larval zebrafish ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP) seizure model and the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. Plinabulin was observed to be highly effective against EKP-induced seizures, on the behavioral and electrophysiological level, and showed activity in the mouse model. These data suggest that plinabulin could be of interest for the treatment of drug-resistant seizures. Finally, the investigation of two functional analogues, colchicine and indibulin, which were observed to be inactive against EKP-induced seizures, suggests that microtubule depolymerization does not underpin plinabulin’s antiseizure action.
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Isoquinoline Alkaloids as Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors from a Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Aspergillus puniceus. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010078. [PMID: 35049933 PMCID: PMC8781450 DOI: 10.3390/md20010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Puniceusines A-N (1-14), 14 new isoquinoline alkaloids, were isolated from the extracts of a deep-sea-derived fungus, Aspergillus puniceus SCSIO z021. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 9 was determined by ECD calculations, and the structures of 6 and 12 were further confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 3-5 and 8-13 unprecedentedly contained an isoquinolinyl, a polysubstituted benzyl or a pyronyl at position C-7 of isoquinoline nucleus. Compounds 3 and 4 showed selective inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 with IC50 values of 8.4 and 5.6 µM, respectively, 4 also had a moderate cytotoxicity towards human lung adenocarcinoma cell line H1975 with an IC50 value of 11.0 µM, and 14, which contained an active center, -C=N+, exhibited antibacterial activity. An analysis of the relationship between the structures, enzyme inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity of 1-14 revealed that the substituents at C-7 of the isoquinoline nucleus could greatly affect their bioactivity.
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14
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Haidar AK, Kjeldsen ND, Troelsen NS, Previtali V, Lundquist KP, Larsen TO, Clausen MH. A Concise Total Synthesis of the Fungal Isoquinoline Alkaloid TMC-120B. Molecules 2022; 27:521. [PMID: 35056832 PMCID: PMC8779217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports of antiepileptic activity of the fungal alkaloid TMC-120B have renewed the interest in this natural product. Previous total syntheses of TMC-120B comprise many steps and have low overall yields (11-17 steps, 1.5-2.9% yield). Thus, to access this compound more efficiently, we herein present a concise and significantly improved total synthesis of the natural product. Our short synthesis relies on two key cyclization steps to assemble the central scaffold: isoquinoline formation via an ethynyl-imino cyclization and an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction to form the furanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad K. Haidar
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.K.H.); (N.S.T.); (V.P.); (K.P.L.)
| | | | - Nikolaj S. Troelsen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.K.H.); (N.S.T.); (V.P.); (K.P.L.)
| | - Viola Previtali
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.K.H.); (N.S.T.); (V.P.); (K.P.L.)
| | - Kasper P. Lundquist
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.K.H.); (N.S.T.); (V.P.); (K.P.L.)
| | - Thomas O. Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Mads H. Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark; (A.K.H.); (N.S.T.); (V.P.); (K.P.L.)
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15
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Heylen L, Pham DH, De Meulemeester AS, Samarut É, Skiba A, Copmans D, Kazwiny Y, Vanden Berghe P, de Witte PAM, Siekierska A. Pericardial Injection of Kainic Acid Induces a Chronic Epileptic State in Larval Zebrafish. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:753936. [PMID: 34720874 PMCID: PMC8551382 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.753936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common disorder of the brain characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures, which develop gradually during a process called epileptogenesis. The mechanistic processes underlying the changes of brain tissue and networks toward increased seizure susceptibility are not fully understood. In rodents, injection of kainic acid (KA) ultimately leads to the development of spontaneous epileptic seizures, reflecting similar neuropathological characteristics as seen in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Although this model has significantly contributed to increased knowledge of epileptogenesis, it is technically demanding, costly to operate and hence not suitable for high-throughput screening of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). Zebrafish, a vertebrate with complementary advantages to rodents, is an established animal model for epilepsy research. Here, we generated a novel KA-induced epilepsy model in zebrafish larvae that we functionally and pharmacologically validated. KA was administered by pericardial injection at an early zebrafish larval stage. The epileptic phenotype induced was examined by quantification of seizure-like behavior using automated video recording, and of epileptiform brain activity measured via local field potential (LFP) recordings. We also assessed GFP-labeled GABAergic and RFP-labeled glutamatergic neurons in double transgenic KA-injected zebrafish larvae, and examined the GABA and glutamate levels in the larval heads by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS/MS). Finally, KA-injected larvae were exposed to five commonly used AEDs by immersion for pharmacological characterization of the model. Shortly after injection, KA induced a massive damage and inflammation in the zebrafish brain and seizure-like locomotor behavior. An abnormal reorganization of brain circuits was observed, a decrease in both GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal population and their associated neurotransmitters. Importantly, these changes were accompanied by spontaneous and continuous epileptiform brain discharges starting after a short latency period, as seen in KA rodent models and reminiscent of human pathology. Three out of five AEDs tested rescued LFP abnormalities but did not affect the seizure-like behavior. Taken together, for the first time we describe a chemically-induced larval zebrafish epilepsy model offering unique insights into studying epileptogenic processes in vivo and suitable for high-throughput AED screening purposes and rapid genetic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Heylen
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Duc-Hung Pham
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Éric Samarut
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Modelis Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrianna Skiba
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniëlle Copmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Youcef Kazwiny
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Munekata PES, Pateiro M, Conte-Junior CA, Domínguez R, Nawaz A, Walayat N, Movilla Fierro E, Lorenzo JM. Marine Alkaloids: Compounds with In Vivo Activity and Chemical Synthesis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:374. [PMID: 34203532 PMCID: PMC8306672 DOI: 10.3390/md19070374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine alkaloids comprise a class of compounds with several nitrogenated structures that can be explored as potential natural bioactive compounds. The scientific interest in these compounds has been increasing in the last decades, and many studies have been published elucidating their chemical structure and biological effects in vitro. Following this trend, the number of in vivo studies reporting the health-related properties of marine alkaloids has been increasing and providing more information about the effects in complex organisms. Experiments with animals, especially mice and zebrafish, are revealing the potential health benefits against cancer development, cardiovascular diseases, seizures, Alzheimer's disease, mental health disorders, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, oxidative stress, human parasites, and microbial infections in vivo. Although major efforts are still necessary to increase the knowledge, especially about the translation value of the information obtained from in vivo experiments to clinical trials, marine alkaloids are promising candidates for further experiments in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, rúa Galicia No. 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (P.E.S.M.); (M.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, rúa Galicia No. 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (P.E.S.M.); (M.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Carlos A. Conte-Junior
- Centro de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, rúa Galicia No. 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (P.E.S.M.); (M.P.); (R.D.)
| | - Asad Nawaz
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Noman Walayat
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Ocean, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | | | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, rúa Galicia No. 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (P.E.S.M.); (M.P.); (R.D.)
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
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17
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Carroll AR, Copp BR, Davis RA, Keyzers RA, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:362-413. [PMID: 33570537 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2019 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 719 citations (701 for the period January to December 2019) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1490 in 440 papers for 2019), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. Methods used to study marine fungi and their chemical diversity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia and School of Enivironment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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18
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Gong G, Chen H, Kam H, Chan G, Tang YX, Wu M, Tan H, Tse YC, Xu HX, Lee SMY. In Vivo Screening of Xanthones from Garcinia oligantha Identified Oliganthin H as a Novel Natural Inhibitor of Convulsions. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3706-3716. [PMID: 33296199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and transient seizures, and affects more than 70 million people worldwide. Although two dozen antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are approved and available in the market, seizures remain poorly controlled in one-third of epileptic patients who are suffering from drug resistance or various adverse effects. Recently, the xanthone skeleton has been regarded as an attractive scaffold for the discovery and development of emerging anticonvulsants. We had isolated several dihydroxanthone derivatives previously, including oliganthin H, oliganthin I, and oliganthin N, whose structures were similar and delicately elucidated by spectrum analysis or X-ray crystallographic data, from extracts of leaves of Garcinia oligantha. These xanthone analogues were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity, and a novel xanthone, oliganthin H, has been identified as a sound and effective natural inhibitor of convulsions in zebrafish in vivo. A preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis on the relationship between structures of the xanthone analogues and their activities was also conducted. Oliganthin H significantly suppressed convulsant behavior and reduced to about 25% and 50% of PTZ-induced activity, in 12.5 and 25 μM treatment groups (P < 0.01 and 0.001), respectively. Meanwhile, it reduced seizure activity, velocity, seizure duration, and number of bursts in zebrafish larvae (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of oliganthin H significantly restored aberrant induction of gene expressions including npas4a, c-fos, pyya, and bdnf, as well as gabra1, gad1, glsa, and glula, upon PTZ treatment. In addition, in silico analysis revealed the stability of the oliganthin H-GABAA receptor complex and their detailed binding pattern. Therefore, direct interactions with the GABAA receptor and involvement of downstream GABA-glutamate pathways were possible mechanisms of the anticonvulsant action of oliganthin H. Our findings present the anticonvulsant activity of oliganthin H, provide a novel scaffold for further modifications, and highlight the xanthone skeleton as an attractive and reliable resource for the development of emerging AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyi Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hiotong Kam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yue-Xun Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Man Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu-Chung Tse
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong-Xi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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19
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Gawel K, Kukula-Koch W, Nieoczym D, Stepnik K, van der Ent W, Banono NS, Tarabasz D, Turski WA, Esguerra CV. The Influence of Palmatine Isolated from Berberis sibirica Radix on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Zebrafish. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051233. [PMID: 32429356 PMCID: PMC7290958 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmatine (PALM) and berberine (BERB) are widely identified isoquinoline alkaloids among the representatives of the Berberidaceae botanical family. The antiseizure activity of BERB was shown previously in experimental epilepsy models. We assessed the effect of PALM in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure assay in zebrafish, with BERB as an active reference compound. Both alkaloids were isolated from the methanolic root extract of Berberis sibirica by counter-current chromatography, and their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier was determined via quantitative structure–activity relationship assay. PALM exerted antiseizure activity, as confirmed by electroencephalographic analysis, and decreased c-fos and bdnf levels in PTZ-treated larvae. In a behavioral assay, PALM dose-dependently decreased PTZ-induced hyperlocomotion. The combination of PALM and BERB in ED16 doses revealed hyperadditive activity towards PTZ-induced hyperlocomotion. Notably, we have indicated that both alkaloids may exert their anticonvulsant activity through different mechanisms of action. Additionally, the combination of both alkaloids in a 1:2.17 ratio (PALM: BERB) mimicked the activity of the pure extract, which indicates that these two active compounds are responsible for its anticonvulsive activity. In conclusion, our study reveals for the first time the anticonvulsant activity of PALM and suggests the combination of PALM and BERB may have higher therapeutic value than separate usage of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Gawel
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; (W.v.d.E.); (N.S.B.); (C.V.E.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Str. 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81448-6454
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 1, Chodzki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.-K.); (D.T.)
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka Str. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Stepnik
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3/243, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wietske van der Ent
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; (W.v.d.E.); (N.S.B.); (C.V.E.)
| | - Nancy Saana Banono
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; (W.v.d.E.); (N.S.B.); (C.V.E.)
| | - Dominik Tarabasz
- Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, 1, Chodzki Str. 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.-K.); (D.T.)
| | - Waldemar A. Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Str. 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Camila V. Esguerra
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway; (W.v.d.E.); (N.S.B.); (C.V.E.)
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