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Mayer AMS, Mayer VA, Swanson-Mungerson M, Pierce ML, Rodríguez AD, Nakamura F, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Marine Pharmacology in 2019-2021: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:309. [PMID: 39057418 PMCID: PMC11278370 DOI: 10.3390/md22070309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The current 2019-2021 marine pharmacology literature review provides a continuation of previous reviews covering the period 1998 to 2018. Preclinical marine pharmacology research during 2019-2021 was published by researchers in 42 countries and contributed novel mechanism-of-action pharmacology for 171 structurally characterized marine compounds. The peer-reviewed marine natural product pharmacology literature reported antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral mechanism-of-action studies for 49 compounds, 87 compounds with antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities that also affected the immune and nervous system, while another group of 51 compounds demonstrated novel miscellaneous mechanisms of action, which upon further investigation, may contribute to several pharmacological classes. Thus, in 2019-2021, a very active preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline provided novel mechanisms of action as well as new lead chemistry for the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline targeting the therapy of several disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. S. Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Veronica A. Mayer
- Department of Nursing Education, School of Nursing, Aurora University, 347 S. Gladstone Ave., Aurora, IL 60506, USA;
| | - Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Marsha L. Pierce
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Abimael D. Rodríguez
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce de León Avenue, San Juan, PR 00926, USA;
| | - Fumiaki Nakamura
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku 169-8555, Tokyo, Japan;
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Kem WR, Soti F, Rocca JR, Johnson JV. New Pyridyl and Dihydroisoquinoline Alkaloids Isolated from the Chevron Nemertean Amphiporus angulatus. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:141. [PMID: 38667758 PMCID: PMC11050936 DOI: 10.3390/md22040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nemertean worms contain toxins that are used to paralyze their prey and to deter potential predators. Hoplonemerteans often contain pyridyl alkaloids like anabaseine that act through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and crustacean chemoreceptors. The chemical reactivity of anabaseine, the first nemertean alkaloid to be identified, has been exploited to make drug candidates selective for alpha7 subtype nAChRs. GTS-21, a drug candidate based on the anabaseine scaffold, has pro-cognitive and anti-inflammatory actions in animal models. The circumpolar chevron hoplonemertean Amphiporus angulatus contains a multitude of pyridyl compounds with neurotoxic, anti-feeding, and anti-fouling activities. Here, we report the isolation and structural identification of five new compounds, doubling the number of pyridyl alkaloids known to occur in this species. One compound is an isomer of the tobacco alkaloid anatabine, another is a unique dihydroisoquinoline, and three are analogs of the tetrapyridyl nemertelline. The structural characteristics of these ten compounds suggest several possible pathways for their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Kem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ferenc Soti
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - James R. Rocca
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Facility, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Jodie V. Johnson
- Mass Spectrometry Research and Education Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
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Kem WR, Rocca JR, Johnson JV, Junoy J. Discovery of the Nicotinic Receptor Toxin Anabaseine in a Polystiliferan Nemertean. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:46. [PMID: 36668866 PMCID: PMC9867080 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemerteans (also called Nemertines) are a phylum of predominantly marine worms that use toxins to capture prey and to defend themselves against predators. Hoplonemerteans have a proboscis armed with one or more stylets used in prey capture and are taxonomically divided into Order Monostilifera, whose members possess a single large proboscis stylet, and Order Polystilifera, whose members have multiple small stylets. Many monostiliferans contain alkaloidal toxins, including anabaseine, that stimulate and then desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are present in all animals. These compounds also interact with pyridyl chemoreceptors in crustaceans, reducing predation and larval settlement. Anabaseine has been a lead compound in the design of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists like GTS-21 (also called DMXBA) to treat disorders of cognition such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. These drug candidates also display anti-inflammatory activities of potential medical importance. Most polystiliferans live deep in open oceans and are relatively inaccessible. We fortunately obtained two live specimens of a large benthic polystiliferan, Paradrepanophorus crassus (Pc), from the coast of Spain. MS and NMR analyses of the Ehrlich's reagent derivative allowed identification of anabaseine. A spectrophotometric assay for anabaseine, also based on its reaction with Ehrlich's reagent, revealed high concentrations of anabaseine in the body and proboscis. Apparently, the biosynthetic mechanism for producing anabaseine was acquired early in the evolution of the Hoplonemertea, before the monostiliferan-polystiliferan divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Kem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1200 Newell Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - James R. Rocca
- AMRIS, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jodie V. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Juan Junoy
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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Secka J, Pal A, Acquah FA, Mooers BHM, Karki AB, Mahjoub D, Fakhr MK, Wallace DR, Okada T, Toyooka N, Kuta A, Koduri N, Herndon D, Roberts KP, Wang Z, Hileman B, Rajagopal N, Hussaini SR. Coupling of acceptor-substituted diazo compounds and tertiary thioamides: synthesis of enamino carbonyl compounds and their pharmacological evaluation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19431-19444. [PMID: 35865562 PMCID: PMC9256013 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02415b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of enamino carbonyl compounds by the copper(i)-catalyzed coupling of acceptor-substituted diazo compounds and tertiary thioamides. We plan to use this method to synthesize indolizidine (-)-237D analogs to find α6-selective antismoking agents. Therefore, we also performed in silico α6-nAchRs binding studies of selected products. Compounds with low root-mean-square deviation values showed more favorable binding free energies. We also report preliminary pharmacokinetic data on indolizidine (-)-237D and found it to have weak activity at CYP3A4. In addition, as enamino carbonyl compounds are also known for antimicrobial properties, we screened previously reported and new enamino carbonyl compounds for antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. Eleven compounds showed significant antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Secka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Arpan Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Francis A Acquah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma of Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 Unites States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 USA
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Structure and Function, University of Oklahoma of Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 USA
| | - Blaine H M Mooers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma of Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 Unites States
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 USA
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Structure and Function, University of Oklahoma of Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK 73104 USA
| | - Anand B Karki
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Dania Mahjoub
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Mohamed K Fakhr
- Department of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - David R Wallace
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences Tulsa Oklahoma 74107 USA
| | - Takuya Okada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Adama Kuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Naga Koduri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Deacon Herndon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Kenneth P Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Bethany Hileman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Nisha Rajagopal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
| | - Syed R Hussaini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa 800 S. Tucker Drive Tulsa Oklahoma 74104 USA
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Samsonowicz-Górski J, Brodzka A, Ostaszewski R, Koszelewski D. Screening for amidoxime reductases in plant roots and Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Development of biocatalytic method for chemoselective amidine synthesis. Bioorg Chem 2022; 124:105815. [PMID: 35512419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel biocatalytic method for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant N-unsubstituted amidines was presented. The application of whole cells from commonly available vegetables allowed for the chemoselective reduction of the amidoxime moiety in the presence of other substituents prone to reduction or dehalogenation e.g. carbon-carbon double bond. Under optimized conditions several amidines were obtained with high yield up to 97% in aqueous medium at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The practical potential of the newly developed method was shown in the preparative synthesis of anti-parasitic drug, phenamidine. Moreover, for the first time the enantioselective bioreduction of chiral racemic amidoximes to the corresponding amidines has been shown. The developed sustainable biocatalytic protocol fulfils the green chemistry rules and no application of metal catalysts meets the strict requirements of the pharmaceutical industry regarding metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Samsonowicz-Górski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Brodzka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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Marine Origin Ligands of Nicotinic Receptors: Low Molecular Compounds, Peptides and Proteins for Fundamental Research and Practical Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020189. [PMID: 35204690 PMCID: PMC8961598 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our review is to briefly show what different compounds of marine origin, from low molecular weight ones to peptides and proteins, offer for understanding the structure and mechanism of action of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and for finding novel drugs to combat the diseases where nAChRs may be involved. The importance of the mentioned classes of ligands has changed with time; a protein from the marine snake venom was the first excellent tool to characterize the muscle-type nAChRs from the electric ray, while at present, muscle and α7 receptors are labeled with the radioactive or fluorescent derivatives prepared from α-bungarotoxin isolated from the many-banded krait. The most sophisticated instruments to distinguish muscle from neuronal nAChRs, and especially distinct subtypes within the latter, are α-conotoxins. Such information is crucial for fundamental studies on the nAChR revealing the properties of their orthosteric and allosteric binding sites and mechanisms of the channel opening and closure. Similar data are provided by low-molecular weight compounds of marine origin, but here the main purpose is drug design. In our review we tried to show what has been obtained in the last decade when the listed classes of compounds were used in the nAChR research, applying computer modeling, synthetic analogues and receptor mutants, X-ray and electron-microscopy analyses of complexes with the nAChRs, and their models which are acetylcholine-binding proteins and heterologously-expressed ligand-binding domains.
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Interactions of Nereistoxin and Its Analogs with Vertebrate Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Molluscan ACh Binding Proteins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010049. [PMID: 35049904 PMCID: PMC8777805 DOI: 10.3390/md20010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nereistoxin (NTX) is a marine toxin isolated from an annelid worm that lives along the coasts of Japan. Its insecticidal properties were discovered decades ago and this stimulated the development of a variety of insecticides such as Cartap that are readily transformed into NTX. One unusual feature of NTX is that it is a small cyclic molecule that contains a disulfide bond. In spite of its size, it acts as an antagonist at insect and mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The functional importance of the disulfide bond was assessed by determining the effects of inserting a methylene group between the two sulfur atoms, creating dimethylaminodithiane (DMA-DT). We also assessed the effect of methylating the NTX and DMA-DT dimethylamino groups on binding to three vertebrate nAChRs. Radioligand receptor binding experiments were carried out using washed membranes from rat brain and fish (Torpedo) electric organ; [3H]-cytisine displacement was used to assess binding to the predominantly high affinity alpha4beta2 nAChRs and [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin displacement was used to measure binding of NTX and analogs to the alpha7 and skeletal muscle type nAChRs. While the two quaternary nitrogen analogs, relative to their respective tertiary amines, displayed lower α4β2 nAChR binding affinities, both displayed much higher affinities for the Torpedo muscle nAChR and rat alpha7 brain receptors than their respective tertiary amine forms. The binding affinities of DMA-DT for the three nAChRs were lower than those of NTX and MeNTX. An AChBP mutant lacking the C loop disulfide bond that would potentially react with the NTX disulfide bond displayed an NTX affinity very similar to the parent AChBP. Inhibition of [3H]-epibatidine binding to the AChBPs was not affected by exposure to NTX or MeNTX for up to 24 hr prior to addition of the radioligand. Thus, the disulfide bond of NTX is not required to react with the vicinal disulfide in the AChBP C loop for inhibition of [3H]-epibatidine binding. However, a reversible disulfide interchange reaction of NTX with nAChRs might still occur, especially under reducing conditions. Labeled MeNTX, because it can be readily prepared with high specific radioactivity and possesses relatively high affinity for the nAChR-rich Torpedo nAChR, would be a useful probe to detect and identify any nereistoxin adducts.
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Xing H, Keshwah S, Rouchaud A, Kem WR. A Pharmacological Comparison of Two Isomeric Nicotinic Receptor Agonists: The Marine Toxin Isoanatabine and the Tobacco Alkaloid Anatabine. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E106. [PMID: 32053997 PMCID: PMC7073524 DOI: 10.3390/md18020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many organisms possess "secondary" compounds to avoid consumption or to immobilize prey. While the most abundant or active compounds are initially investigated, more extensive analyses reveal other "minor" compounds with distinctive properties that may also be of biomedical and pharmaceutical significance. Here, we present an initial in vitro investigation of the actions of two isomeric tetrahydropyridyl ring-containing anabasine analogs: isoanatabine, an alkaloid isolated from a marine worm, and anatabine, a relatively abundant minor alkaloid in commercial tobacco plants. Both compounds have a double bond that is distal to the piperidine ring nitrogen of anabasine. Racemic isoanatabine and anatabine were synthesized and their S- and R-enantiomers were isolated by chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both isoanatabines displayed higher efficacies at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) relative to the anatabines; R-isoanatabine was most potent. Radioligand binding experiments revealed similar α4β2 nAChR binding affinities for the isoanatabines, but R-anatabine affinity was twice that of S-anatabine. While the two anatabines and S-isoanatabine were highly efficacious agonists at α7 nAChRs, R-isoanatabine was only a weak partial agonist. The four compounds share an ability to stimulate both α4β2 and α7 nAChRs, a property that may be useful in developing more efficacious drugs to treat neurodegenerative and other medical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - William R. Kem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA (S.K.)
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