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Bi YL, Tan H, Zhang SS, Kang JP. Response Mechanism of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Synthesized by Alternaria sp. on Drought Stress in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39021158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates how extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) synthesized by dark septate endophytic (DSE) improve alfalfa's drought resistance. Drought stress was simulated in hydroponic culture, and roots were treated with different EPS concentrations to determine their effects on drought tolerance and applicable concentrations. Hydroponic solutions with 0.25 and 0.50% EPS concentrations alleviated leaf wilting and increased total plant fresh weight by 35.8 and 57.7%, respectively. SEM shows that EPS attached to the roots and may have served to protect the root system. EPS treatment significantly depressed the MDA contents of the roots, stems, and leaves. Roots responded to drought stress by increasing soluble sugar contents and antioxidant enzyme activities, while mitigating stem and leaf stress by synthesizing lipid compounds, amino acids, and organic acid metabolites. Five metabolites in the stem have been reported to be associated with plant stress tolerance and growth, namely 3-O-methyl 5-O-(2-methyl propyl) (4S)-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, malic acid, PA (20:1(11Z)/15:0), N-methyl-4,6,7-trihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, and 2-(S-glutathionyl) acetyl glutathione. In summary, EPS treatment induced oxidative stress and altered plant metabolism, and this in turn increased plant antioxidant capacity. The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of EPS in commercial products that increase plant resistance and ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Li Bi
- Institute of Ecological and Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Tan
- Institute of Ecological and Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Shi-Shuang Zhang
- Institute of Ecological and Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jia-Peng Kang
- Institute of Ecological and Environment Restoration in Mine Areas of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
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Show S, Akhter R, Paul I, Das P, Bal M, Bhattacharya R, Bose D, Mondal A, Saha S, Halder G. Efficacy of exopolysaccharide in dye-laden wastewater treatment: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141753. [PMID: 38531498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The discharge of dye-laden wastewater into the water streams causes severe water and soil pollution, which poses a global threat to aquatic ecosystems and humans. A diverse array of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) of different compositions and exhibit great bioflocculation potency to sustainably eradicate dyes from water bodies. Nanomodified chemical composites of EPS enable their recyclability during dye-laden wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, the selection of potent EPS-producing strains and physiological parameters of microbial growth and the remediation process could influence the removal efficiency of EPS. This review will intrinsically discuss the fundamental importance of EPS from diverse microbial origins and their nanomodified chemical composites, the mechanisms in EPS-mediated bioremediation of dyes, and the parametric influences on EPS-mediated dye removal through sorption/bioflocculation. This review will pave the way for designing and adopting futuristic green and sustainable EPS-based bioremediation strategies for dye-laden wastewater in situ and ex situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumona Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Ramisa Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrani Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700125, West Bengal, India
| | - Payal Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Manisha Bal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Riya Bhattacharya
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Debajyoti Bose
- School of Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amita Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Vedanta College, Kolkata, 700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Shouvik Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, 700125, West Bengal, India.
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India.
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Wang J, Zhang J, Guo H, Cheng Q, Abbas Z, Tong Y, Yang T, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Wei X, Si D, Zhang R. Optimization of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum R301 and Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities. Foods 2023; 12:2481. [PMID: 37444218 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the yield of exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Lactobacillus plantarum R301 was optimized using a single-factor experiment and response surface methodology (RSM). After optimization, the EPS yield was increased with a fold-change of 0.85. The significant factors affecting EPS production, as determined through a Plackett-Burman design and Central Composite Design (CCD), were MgSO4 concentration, initial pH, and inoculation size. The maximum yield was 97.85 mg/mL under the condition of 0.01% MgSO4, an initial pH 7.4, and 6.4% of the inoculation size. In addition, the EPS exhibited strong antioxidant activity, as demonstrated by its ability to scavenge DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals. The scavenging rate was up to 100% at concentrations of 4 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the EPS also exhibited reducing power, which was about 30% that of ascorbic acid when both tended to be stable with the increased concentration. These results suggest that L. plantarum R301 EPS possesses different antioxidant mechanisms and warrants further investigation. In addition to its antioxidant activity, the EPS also demonstrated good anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells, which could decrease nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of the proinflammatory cytokine Il-6. These findings suggest that L. plantarum R301 EPS could be used as a potential multifunctional food additive in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Henan Guo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zaheer Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yucui Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yichen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haosen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xubiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dayong Si
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Cao R, Zhang Y, Ju Y, Wang W, Zhao Y, Liu N, Zhang G, Wang X, Xie X, Dai C, Liu Y, Yin H, Shi K, He C, Wang W, Zhao L, Jeon CO, Hao L. Exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria enhanced Pb immobilization and influenced the microbiome composition in rhizosphere soil of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.). Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1117312. [PMID: 36970682 PMCID: PMC10034174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1117312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) contamination of planting soils is increasingly serious, leading to harmful effects on soil microflora and food safety. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are carbohydrate polymers produced and secreted by microorganisms, which are efficient biosorbent materials and has been widely used in wastewater treatment to remove heavy metals. However, the effects and underlying mechanism of EPS-producing marine bacteria on soil metal immobilization, plant growth and health remain unclear. The potential of Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans Hao 2018, a high EPS-producing marine bacterium, to produce EPS in soil filtrate, immobilize Pb, and inhibit its uptake by pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) was studied in this work. The effects of strain Hao 2018 on the biomass, quality, and rhizospheric soil bacterial community of pakchoi in Pb-contaminated soil were further investigated. The results showed that Hao 2018 reduced the Pb concentration in soil filtrate (16%–75%), and its EPS production increased in the presence of Pb2+. When compared to the control, Hao 2018 remarkably enhanced pakchoi biomass (10.3%–14.3%), decreased Pb content in edible tissues (14.5%–39.2%) and roots (41.3%–41.9%), and reduced the available Pb content (34.8%–38.1%) in the Pb-contaminated soil. Inoculation with Hao 2018 raised the pH of the soil, the activity of several enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, urease, and dehydrogenase), the nitrogen content (NH4+-N and NO3−-N), and the pakchoi quality (Vc and soluble protein content), while also raising the relative abundance of bacteria that promote plant growth and immobilize metals, such as Streptomyces and Sphingomonas. In conclusion, Hao 2018 reduced the available Pb in soil and pakchoi Pb absorption by increasing the pH and activity of multiple enzymes and regulating microbiome composition in rhizospheric soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yuhao Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Gangrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xingbao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xuesong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Cunxi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hongfei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kaiyuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Chenchen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lujiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lujiang Hao,
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Li F, Hu X, Sun X, Li H, Lu J, Li Y, Bao M. Effect of fermentation pH on the structure, rheological properties, and antioxidant activities of exopolysaccharides produced by Alteromonas australica QD. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:773-787. [PMID: 36367683 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pH value was essential for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms. Acidic pH exopolysaccharide (AC-EPS) and alkaline pH exopolysaccharide (AL-EPS) secreted by A. australica QD mediated by pH were studied in this paper. The total carbohydrate content and molecular weight of AC-EPS (79.59% ± 2.24% (w/w), 8.374 × 105 Da) and AL-EPS (82.48% ± 1.46% (w/w), 6.182 × 105 Da) were estimated and compared. In AC-EPS, mannose (3.78%) and galactose (3.24%) content was more, while the proportion of glucuronic acid was less in comparison to AL-EPS. The scanning electron microscopy revealed the structural differences among the AC-EPS and AL-EPS. Thermogravimetric analysis showed degradation temperatures of 272.8 °C and 244.9 °C for AC-EPS and AL-EPS, respectively. AC-EPS was found to exhibit better rheological properties and emulsifying capabilities, while AL-EPS had superior antioxidant activities. Overall, both AC-EPS and AL-EPS have the potential to be used as emulsifiers and biological antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshu Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.,College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.,College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaojun Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.,College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Haoshuai Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.,College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jinren Lu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.,College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China. .,College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Exopolysaccharide production from Alkalibacillus sp. w3: statistical optimization and biological activity. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicrobial exopolysaccharides (EPS) provide a broad range of applications. Thus, there is an increasing interest in the production, characterization, and use of EPS derived from various microorganisms. Extremophile polysaccharides have unique properties and applications due to its unique structures. The importance of exopolysaccharides synthesized by a new bacterial strain, Alkalibacillus sp. w3, was highlighted in this study. Alkalibacillus sp. w3, a haloalkalitolerant firmicute that was recovered from a salt lake, was optimized for EPS production, and its biological activities were studied. Exopolysaccharide synthesis was observed in Horikoshi I broth medium. The optimal culture conditions for achieving the highest exopolysaccharide production were a 7-day incubation period, pH 10, and 250 g/L of NaCl. The most effective carbon and nitrogen sources for EPS production were glucose and a combination of yeast extract and peptone. Additionally, Plackett-statistical Burman’s design showed that all factors tested had a favorable impact, with glucose having the greatest significance on the production of EPS. The model’s best predictions for culture conditions resulted in a two-fold improvement in EPS production compared to the original yield before optimization. The recovered EPS contained 65.13% carbohydrates, 30.89% proteins, and 3.98% lipids. Moreover, EPS produced by Alkalibacillus sp. w3 demonstrated anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell lines, with IC50 values as low as 11.8 and 15.5 µg/mL, respectively, besides antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeast. Based on these results, EPS made by Alkalibacillus sp. w3 has many useful properties, which make it suitable for use in the medical field.
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Jackson SA, Duan M, Zhang P, Ihua MW, Stengel DB, Duan D, Dobson ADW. Isolation, identification, and biochemical characterization of a novel bifunctional phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase from the metagenome of the brown alga Laminaria digitata. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1000634. [PMID: 36212884 PMCID: PMC9537760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae host diverse epiphytic bacterial communities with potential symbiotic roles including important roles influencing morphogenesis and growth of the host, nutrient exchange, and protection of the host from pathogens. Macroalgal cell wall structures, exudates, and intra-cellular environments possess numerous complex and valuable carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemi-cellulose, mannans, alginates, fucoidans, and laminarin. Bacterial colonizers of macroalgae are important carbon cyclers, acquiring nutrition from living macroalgae and also from decaying macroalgae. Seaweed epiphytic communities are a rich source of diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes which may have useful applications in industrial bioprocessing. With this in mind, we constructed a large insert fosmid clone library from the metagenome of Laminaria digitata (Ochrophyta) in which decay was induced. Subsequent sequencing of a fosmid clone insert revealed the presence of a gene encoding a bifunctional phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase (PMM/PGM) enzyme 10L6AlgC, closely related to a protein from the halophilic marine bacterium, Cobetia sp. 10L6AlgC was subsequently heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. The enzyme was found to possess both PMM and PGM activity, which had temperature and pH optima of 45°C and 8.0, respectively; for both activities. The PMM activity had a K m of 2.229 mM and V max of 29.35 mM min-1 mg-1, while the PGM activity had a K m of 0.5314 mM and a V max of 644.7 mM min-1 mg-1. Overall characterization of the enzyme including the above parameters as well as the influence of various divalent cations on these activities revealed that 10L6AlgC has a unique biochemical profile when compared to previously characterized PMM/PGM bifunctional enzymes. Thus 10L6AlgC may find utility in enzyme-based production of biochemicals with different potential industrial applications, in which other bacterial PMM/PGMs have previously been used such as in the production of low-calorie sweeteners in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Jackson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maohang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Maureen W. Ihua
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dagmar B. Stengel
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Delin Duan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Alan D. W. Dobson
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Zhang T, Guo Q, Xin Y, Liu Y. Comprehensive review in moisture retention mechanism of polysaccharides from algae, plants, bacteria and fungus. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Khalid N, Asgher M, Hussain F, Iqbal J. Exopolysaccharides production from marine Bacillus strains and their antioxidant and bio-flocculant capacities. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:250. [PMID: 35411473 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have gained high scientific concern due to their exceptional physicochemical features and high industrial applicability. Owing to their biotechnological importance, the present study was designed to screen and isolate the EPS-producing Bacillus strains based on their growth potential on specific media and colony morphologies. The bacterial isolates Bacillus subtilis Bs1-01, Bacillus licheniformis Bl1-02, and Bacillus brevis Bb1-04 showed excellent EPS production due to their shortened lag phase and abundant biomass production. Shake-flask fermentation valued the maximum production yield of 50.19 ± 1.14 g/L by Bl1-02 after 72 h incubation (about 3.40 times higher than that of Bacillus thuringiensis Bt1-05). The basic component analysis revealed the improved amount of total carbohydrate, reducing sugar ends, and protein contents by Bl1-02 strain. Structural characteristics and functional groups of the EPS characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that all EPS were in close agreement to each other due to the presence of similar chemical bonds and functional groups. EPS from Bl1-02 strain showed stronger and more stable bio-emulsifying and hygroscopicity activities (12.23%). The crude EPS exhibited potent antioxidant properties which were examined against reducing potential (H2O2 scavenging) and total antioxidant tests. Among bio-flocculation activities of EPS at different concentrations, Bs1-01 strain produced EPS at a concentration of 60 mg/mL was observed to show the maximum value of 79.20%. In conclusion, the EPS from marine Bacillus strains showed excellent functional properties suggesting potential industrial applications that demand separate investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimrah Khalid
- Industrial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Asgher
- Industrial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Fatma Hussain
- Industrial Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Pan-Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Marine Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans Hao 2018 Revealed Its Genomic and Metabolic Features. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040248. [PMID: 35447921 PMCID: PMC9027991 DOI: 10.3390/md20040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomic and carbohydrate metabolic features of Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans Hao 2018 (P. agarivorans Hao 2018) were investigated through pan-genomic and transcriptomic analyses, and key enzyme genes that may encode the process involved in its extracellular polysaccharide synthesis were screened. The pan-genome of the P. agarivorans strains consists of a core-genome containing 2331 genes, an accessory-genome containing 956 genes, and a unique-genome containing 1519 genes. Clusters of Orthologous Groups analyses showed that P. agarivorans harbors strain-specifically diverse metabolisms, probably representing high evolutionary genome changes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and reconstructed carbohydrate metabolic pathways displayed that P. agarivorans strains can utilize a variety of carbohydrates, such as d-glucose, d-fructose, and d-lactose. Analyses of differentially expressed genes showed that compared with the stationary phase (24 h), strain P. agarivorans Hao 2018 had upregulated expression of genes related to the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides in the logarithmic growth phase (2 h), and that the expression of these genes affected extracellular polysaccharide transport, nucleotide sugar synthesis, and glycosyltransferase synthesis. This is the first investigation of the genomic and metabolic features of P. agarivorans through pan-genomic and transcriptomic analyses, and these intriguing discoveries provide the possibility to produce novel marine drug lead compounds with high biological activity.
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Effect of Different Initial Fermentation pH on Exopolysaccharides Produced by Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans Hao 2018 and Identification of Key Genes Involved in Exopolysaccharide Synthesis via Transcriptome Analysis. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020089. [PMID: 35200619 PMCID: PMC8877158 DOI: 10.3390/md20020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are carbohydrate polymers produced and secreted by microorganisms. In a changing marine environment, EPS secretion can reduce damage from external environmental disturbances to microorganisms. Meanwhile, EPSs have promising application prospects in the fields of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Changes in external environmental pH have been shown to affect the synthesis of EPSs in microorganisms. In this study, we analyzed the effects of different initial fermentation pHs on the production, monosaccharide composition, and antioxidant activity of the EPSs of Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans Hao 2018. In addition, the transcriptome sequence of P. agarivorans Hao 2018 under different initial fermentation pH levels was determined. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were concentrated in the two-component regulatory system and bacterial chemotaxis pathways. We further identified the expression of key genes involved in EPS synthesis during pH changes. In particular, the expression of genes encoding the glucose/galactose MFS transporter, phosphomannomutase, and mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase was upregulated when the environmental pH increased, thus promoting EPS synthesis. This study not only contributes to elucidating the environmental adaptation mechanisms of P. agarivorans, but also provides important theoretical guidance for the directed development of new products using biologically active polysaccharides.
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Jo MH, Kim B, Ju JH, Heo SY, Ahn KH, Lee HJ, Yeom HS, Jang H, Kim MS, Kim CH, Oh BR. Tremella fuciformis TFCUV5 Mycelial Culture-derived Exopolysaccharide Production and Its Anti-aging Effects on Skin Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dhanya BE, Prabhu A, Rekha PD. Extraction and characterization of an exopolysaccharide from a marine bacterium. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:285-295. [PMID: 34668088 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The marine bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have transfigured the biotech sector with their myriad applications and prospects. This work was carried out to characterize and analyze the functional and biochemical properties of an EPS (EPS-DR3A) produced by a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. YU16-DR3A. The bacterium was cultured in Zobell marine broth for the production of EPS. The extracted EPS designated as EPS-DR3A was composed of 69% carbohydrates and 7.6% proteins with a molecular weight of 20 kDa. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of different functional groups. The monosaccharide analysis performed using GC-MS showed the presence of fucose, erythrotetrose, ribose, and glucose as monomers. EPS-DR3A showed excellent emulsifying activity against the tested hydrocarbons and food oils with stable emulsions. Rheological analysis of EPS-DR3A revealed the pseudoplastic behavior. The EPS-DR3A displayed good thermal stability with a degradation temperature of 249 °C and a melting point at 322 °C. Further, it had the ability to scavenge DPPH and nitric oxide free radicals with good total antioxidant activity. The in vitro biocompatibility study of EPS-DR3A showed high degree of biocompatibility with human dermal fibroblast cells at the tested concentrations. Taken together, the findings such as thermostability, emulsifying activity, pseudoplasticity, antioxidant activity, and biocompatibility of EPS-DR3A make this biomolecule an important candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bythadka Erappa Dhanya
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Karnataka, 575018, Mangalore, India.,Department of Biosciences, Mangalagangothri, Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Karnataka, 575018, Mangalore, India
| | - Punchappady Devasya Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Karnataka, 575018, Mangalore, India.
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Nikolova C, Gutierrez T. Biosurfactants and Their Applications in the Oil and Gas Industry: Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:626639. [PMID: 33659240 PMCID: PMC7917263 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.626639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are a group of amphiphilic chemical compounds (i.e., having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains) that form an indispensable component in almost every sector of modern industry. Their significance is evidenced from the enormous volumes that are used and wide diversity of applications they are used in, ranging from food and beverage, agriculture, public health, healthcare/medicine, textiles, and bioremediation. A major drive in recent decades has been toward the discovery of surfactants from biological/natural sources-namely bio-surfactants-as most surfactants that are used today for industrial applications are synthetically-manufactured via organo-chemical synthesis using petrochemicals as precursors. This is problematic, not only because they are derived from non-renewable resources, but also because of their environmental incompatibility and potential toxicological effects to humans and other organisms. This is timely as one of today's key challenges is to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels (oil, coal, gas) and to move toward using renewable and sustainable sources. Considering the enormous genetic diversity that microorganisms possess, they offer considerable promise in producing novel types of biosurfactants for replacing those that are produced from organo-chemical synthesis, and the marine environment offers enormous potential in this respect. In this review, we begin with an overview of the different types of microbial-produced biosurfactants and their applications. The remainder of this review discusses the current state of knowledge and trends in the usage of biosurfactants by the Oil and Gas industry for enhancing oil recovery from exhausted oil fields and as dispersants for combatting oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tony Gutierrez
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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