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Han M, Wang Z, Li Y, Song Y, Wang Z. The application and sustainable development of coral in traditional medicine and its chemical composition, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical research. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1230608. [PMID: 38235111 PMCID: PMC10791799 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1230608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the variety, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, toxicology, and clinical research of corals used in traditional medicine in the past two decades. At present, several types of medicinal coral resources are identified, which are used in 56 formulas such as traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, and Uyghur medicine. A total of 34 families and 99 genera of corals are involved in medical research, with the Alcyoniidae family and Sarcophyton genus being the main research objects. Based on the structural types of compounds and the families and genera of corals, this review summarizes the compounds primarily reported during the period, including terpenoids, steroids, nitrogen-containing compounds, and other terpenoids dominated by sesquiterpene and diterpenes. The biological activities of coral include cytotoxicity (antitumor and anticancer), anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, antioxidant, and neurological properties, and a detailed summary of the mechanisms underlying these activities or related targets is provided. Coral toxicity mostly occurs in the marine ornamental soft coral Zoanthidae family, with palytoxin as the main toxic compound. In addition, nonpeptide neurotoxins are extracted from aquatic corals. The compatibility of coral-related preparations did not show significant acute toxicity, but if used for a long time, it will still cause toxicity to the liver, kidneys, lungs, and other internal organs in a dose-dependent manner. In clinical applications, individual application of coral is often used as a substitute for orthopedic materials to treat diseases such as bone defects and bone hyperplasia. Second, coral is primarily available in the form of compound preparations, such as Ershiwuwei Shanhu pills and Shanhu Qishiwei pills, which are widely used in the treatment of neurological diseases such as migraine, primary headache, epilepsy, cerebral infarction, hypertension, and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is undeniable that the effectiveness of coral research has exacerbated the endangered status of corals. Therefore, there should be no distinction between the advantages and disadvantages of listed endangered species, and it is imperative to completely prohibit their use and provide equal protection to help them recover to their normal numbers. This article can provide some reference for research on coral chemical composition, biological activity, chemical ecology, and the discovery of marine drug lead compounds. At the same time, it calls for people to protect endangered corals from the perspectives of prohibition, substitution, and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiye Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglian Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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Carroll AR, Copp BR, Davis RA, Keyzers RA, Prinsep MR. Marine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:362-413. [PMID: 33570537 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00089b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2019 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 719 citations (701 for the period January to December 2019) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1490 in 440 papers for 2019), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. Methods used to study marine fungi and their chemical diversity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia and School of Enivironment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Wu J, Li X, Guo X, Cheng Z, Meng J, Cheng W, Lin W. Briarane-type diterpenoids from a gorgonian coral Ellisella sp. with anti-HBV activities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104423. [PMID: 33160223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of a gorgonian coral Ellisella sp. resulted in the isolation of 12 briarane-type diterpenoids, including eight new congeners namely ellisellolides A-H (1-8). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, aided the calculated ECD data to support the configurational assignment. All compounds were evaluated for the in vitro anti-HBV activities in HepAD38 cell line, while preliminary analyses of the structure-activity relationship demonstrated that junceellolide C featured an 3E,5(16)-diene and a chlorine-substitution at C-6 is the most active congener. Junceellolide C exhibited efficient reduction against the HBV DNA, HBV RNA and HBeAg production with a dose-dependent manner. It also significantly reduced the HBV cccDNA replenishment and promoted the existed HBV cccDNA degradation. These findings suggest junceellolide C to be a transcription inhibitor of cccDNA and a promising lead for the development of new anti-HBV agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiru Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xingchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Zhongbin Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China
| | - Junjun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.
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Abstract
Gorgonian corals are considered as a rich source of secondary metabolites with
unique structural features and biological activities. A large number of novel metabolites
with potent pharmacological properties have been isolated from gorgonian corals. Some of
these compounds have exhibited to possess new mechanisms of action, which hold great
promises as potential lead compounds in future marine drug development. This review aims
to provide an overview of chemical constituents and biological activities of gorgonian corals
from 2015 to December, 2019. Some 145 metabolites, including 16 sesquiterpenoids, 62
diterpenoids, 62 steroids and 5 alkaloids were reported during this period and their pharmacological
activities were investigated. Moreover, the peculiar structure and potential medicinal
value of these new compounds are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Su TP, Kuo TJ, Yang SN, Lee GH, Lee YT, Wang YC, Chen JJ, Wen ZH, Hwang TL, Sung PJ. 11β,20β-Epoxybriaranes from the Gorgonian Coral Junceella fragilis (Ellisellidae). Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18040183. [PMID: 32244363 PMCID: PMC7231240 DOI: 10.3390/md18040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two 11,20-epoxybriaranes, including a known compound, juncenolide K (1), as well as a new metabolite, fragilide X (2), have been isolated from gorgonian Junceella fragilis collected off the waters of Taiwan. The absolute configuration of juncenolide K (1) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for the first time in this study and the structure, including the absolute configuration of briarane 2 was established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and compared with that of model compound 1. One aspect of the stereochemistry of the known compound 1 was revised. Briarane 2 was found to enhance the generation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) release from RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Pin Su
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan;
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Jen Kuo
- Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Department of Dental Technology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan
| | - San-Nan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-SHOU University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Tung Lee
- Division of Natural Products, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-L.H.); (P.-J.S.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5523) (T.-L.H.); +886-8-882-5037 (P.-J.S.); Fax: +886-3-211-8506 (T.-L.H.); +886-8-882-5087 (P.-J.S.)
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan;
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-L.H.); (P.-J.S.); Tel.: +886-3-211-8800 (ext. 5523) (T.-L.H.); +886-8-882-5037 (P.-J.S.); Fax: +886-3-211-8506 (T.-L.H.); +886-8-882-5087 (P.-J.S.)
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Sung PJ, Hwang TL, Wu YC, Chen YH, Chin HK, Peng BR, Chen YY, Hu CC, Zheng LG, Huynh TH, Su TP, Zhang YL, Wen ZH. Survey of Briarane-Type Diterpenoids – Part VII. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-19-925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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