1
|
Alhakamy NA, Ahmed OAA, Kurakula M, Caruso G, Caraci F, Asfour HZ, Alfarsi A, Eid BG, Mohamed AI, Alruwaili NK, Abdulaal WH, Fahmy UA, Alhadrami HA, Eldakhakhny BM, Abdel-Naim AB. RETRACTED: Alhakamy et al. Chitosan-Based Microparticles Enhance Ellagic Acid's Colon Targeting and Proapoptotic Activity. Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 652. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:196. [PMID: 38399357 PMCID: PMC10891844 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The journal retracts the article "Chitosan-Based Microparticles Enhance Ellagic Acid's Colon Targeting and Proapoptotic Activity" [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (A.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (A.A.); (U.A.F.)
| | - Mallesh Kurakula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (G.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (G.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Hani Z. Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas Alfarsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (A.A.); (U.A.F.)
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amir I. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Military Medical Academy, Cairo 11757, Egypt;
| | - Nabil K. Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Skaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (A.A.); (U.A.F.)
| | - Hani A. Alhadrami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80402, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Special Infectious Agent Unit (Biosafety Level 3), King Fahd Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 80402, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M. Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao B, Gu Z, Li Z, Cheng L, Li C, Hong Y. Colon targeted releases and uptakes of paclitaxel loaded in modified porous starch. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 318:121126. [PMID: 37479457 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid can modify porous starch through cross-linking and hydrogen bonding, effectively achieving a paclitaxel entrapment efficiency of ∼92 % and drug loading of ∼23 %. In this study, the pores and intergranular gaps of porous starch were filled with paclitaxel under solvent volatilization, and the enrichment process and its characteristics were recorded using a microscope. The paclitaxel-loaded particles were coated with chitosan-phytic acid to target the colon. In vivo imaging in mice showed that the capsule released paclitaxel in the colon rather than in the upper digestive tract, and the paclitaxel distribution in the main organs at 24 h was significantly lower than that of raw paclitaxel. Hyaluronic acid-modified porous starch can target cancer cells. Cell internalization of paclitaxel mediated by hyaluronic acid was approximately 1.97 times that of raw paclitaxel, higher than that of receptor-shielded cells and cells incubated with unmodified carriers, as evidenced by the accumulation of fluorescent paclitaxel in the nucleus and marked cell apoptosis. The hyaluronic acid-modified porous starch system is an effective method for the high-load and targeted release of hydrophobic anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Asghar BH, Hassan RK, Barakat LA, Alharbi A, El Behery M, Elshaarawy RF, Hassan YA. Cross-linked quaternized chitosan nanoparticles for effective delivery and controllable release of O. europaea phenolic extract targeting cancer therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
|
4
|
Ahmed OAA, Badr-Eldin SM, Caruso G, Fahmy UA, Alharbi WS, Almehmady AM, Alghamdi SA, Alhakamy NA, Mohamed AI, Aldawsari HM, Mady FM. Colon Targeted Eudragit Coated Beads Loaded with Optimized Fluvastatin-Scorpion Venom Conjugate as a Potential Approach for Colon Cancer Therapy: In Vitro Anticancer Activity and In Vivo Colon Imaging. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3304-3317. [PMID: 36007556 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies suggest that most of statins or 3‑hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors possess pleiotropic anticancer activity. The aim of the present work was to investigate the conjugation of the statin fluvastatin (FLV) with scorpion venom (SV), a natural peptide with proven anticancer properties, to enhance FLV cytotoxic activity and prepare colon targeted FLV-SV nanoconjugate beads for management of colon cancer. Response surface design was applied for the optimization of FLV-SV nanoconjugates. FLV-SV particle size and zeta potential were selected as responses. Cytotoxicity of optimized FLV-SV nanoconjugates was carried out on Caco2 cell line. Colon targeted alginate coated Eudragit S100 (ES100) beads for the optimized formula were prepared with the utilization of barium sulfate (BaSO4) as radiopaque contrast substance. Results revealed that optimized FLV-SV nanoconjugates showed a size of 71.21 nm, while the zeta potential was equal to 29.13 mV. Caco2 cells were considerably more sensitive to the FLV-SV formula (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 11.91 µg/mL) compared to SV and FLV used individually, as shown by values of IC50 equal to 30.23 µg/mL and 47.68 µg/mL, respectively. In vivo imaging of colon targeted beads, carried out by employing real-time X-ray radiography, confirmed the efficiency of colon targeted beads. Overall our results indicate that the optimized FLV-SV nanoconjugate loaded alginate coated ES100 beads could represent a promising approach for colon cancer with efficient colon targeting ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Troina 94018, Italy.
| | - Usama A Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaimaa M Almehmady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir I Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Military Medical Academy, Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Hibah M Aldawsari
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma M Mady
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bartkowiak A, Nazaruk E, Gajda E, Godlewska M, Gaweł D, Jabłonowska E, Bilewicz R. Simvastatin Coadministration Modulates the Electrostatically Driven Incorporation of Doxorubicin into Model Lipid and Cell Membranes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4354-4364. [PMID: 36173110 PMCID: PMC9554873 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Understanding the interactions between drugs and lipid
membranes
is a prerequisite for finding the optimal way to deliver drugs into
cells. Coadministration of statins and anticancer agents has been
reported to have a positive effect on anticancer therapy. In this
study, we elucidate the mechanism by which simvastatin (SIM) improves
the efficiency of biological membrane penetration by the chemotherapeutic
agent doxorubicin (DOX) in neutral and slightly acidic solutions.
The incorporation of DOX, SIM, or a combination of them (DOX:SIM)
into selected single-component lipid membranes, zwitterionic unsaturated
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(POPC), neutral cholesterol, and negatively charged 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DMPS) was assessed
using the Langmuir method. The penetration of neutral lipid monolayers
by the codelivery of SIM and DOX was clearly facilitated at pH 5.5,
which resembles the pH conditions of the environment of cancer cells.
This effect was ascribed to partial neutralization of the DOX positive
charge as the result of intermolecular interactions between DOX and
SIM. On the other hand, the penetration of the negatively charged
DMPS monolayer was most efficient in the case of the positively charged
DOX. The efficiency of the drug delivery to the cell membranes was
evaluated under in vitro conditions using a panel
of cancer-derived cell lines (A172, T98G, and HeLa). MTS and trypan
blue exclusion assays were performed, followed by confocal microscopy
and spheroid culture tests. Cells were exposed to either free drugs
or drugs encapsulated in lipid carriers termed cubosomes. We demonstrated
that the viability of cancer cells exposed to DOX was significantly
impaired in the presence of SIM, and this phenomenon was greatly magnified
when DOX and SIM were coencapsulated in cubosomes. Overall, our results
confirmed the utility of the DOX:SIM combination delivery, which enhances
the interactions between neutral components of cell membranes and
positively charged chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Nazaruk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Renata Bilewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hosny KM, Naveen NR, Kurakula M, Sindi AM, Sabei FY, Fatease AA, Jali AM, Alharbi WS, Mushtaq RY, Felemban M, Tayeb HH, Alfayez E, Rizg WY. Design and Development of Neomycin Sulfate Gel Loaded with Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Buccal Mucosal Wound Healing. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060385. [PMID: 35735729 PMCID: PMC9222678 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug administration to the wound site is a potential method for wound healing. The drug retention duration should be extended, and drug permeability through the buccal mucosal layer should be regulated. Oral wounds can be caused by inflammation, ulcers, trauma, or pathological lesions; if these wounds are not treated properly, they can lead to pain, infection, and subsequent undesirable scarring. This study aimed to develop Kolliphor-407 P-based gel containing neomycin sulfate (NES) loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and enhance the antimicrobial activity. By considering lipid concentrations and achieving the lowest particle size (Y1) and maximum entrapment (EE-Y2) effectiveness, the formulation of NES-SLN was optimized using the Box–Behnken design. For the selected responses, 17 runs were formulated (as anticipated by the Design-Expert software) and evaluated accordingly. The optimized formulation could achieve a particle size of 196.25 and EE of 89.27% and was further utilized to prepare the gel formulation. The NES-SLN-G formula was discovered to have a smooth, homogeneous structure and good mechanical and rheological properties. After 24 h of treatment, NES-SLN-G showed a regulated in vitro drug release pattern, excellent ex vivo permeability, and increased in vitro antibacterial activity. These findings indicate the potential application of NES-SLN-loaded gels as a promising formulation for buccal mucosal wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M. Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.H.); (W.S.A.); (W.Y.R.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Raghavendra Naveen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagar 571448, Karnataka, India;
| | - Mallesh Kurakula
- Product Development Department, CURE Pharmaceutical, Oxnard, CA 93033, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Amal M. Sindi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad Y. Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulmajeed M. Jali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 82511, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.H.); (W.S.A.); (W.Y.R.)
| | - Rayan Y. Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Majed Felemban
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H. Tayeb
- Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalised Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman Alfayez
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Waleed Y. Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (K.M.H.); (W.S.A.); (W.Y.R.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xia Y, Jin Y, Cui D, Wu X, Song C, Jin W, Huang H. Antitumor Effect of Simvastatin in Combination With DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor on Gastric Cancer via GSDME-Mediated Pyroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:860546. [PMID: 35517821 PMCID: PMC9065610 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.860546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME) is one of the executors of pyroptosis, a type of programmed lytic cell death, which can be triggered by caspase-3 activation upon stimulation. Silenced GSDME expression due to promoter hypermethylation is associated with gastric cancer (GC), which is confirmed in the present study by bioinformatics analysis and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) test of GC cell lines and clinical samples. GC cell lines and mouse xenograft models were used to investigate the pyroptosis-inducing effect of the common cholesterol-depleting, drug simvastatin (SIM), allied with upregulating GSDME expression by doxycycline (DOX)- inducible Tet-on system or DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR). Cell viability assessment and xenograft tumour growth demonstrated that the tumour inhibition effects of SIM can be enhanced by elevated GSDME expression. Morphological examinations and assays measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and caspase-3/GSDME protein cleavage underlined the stimulation of pyroptosis as an important mechanism. Using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of caspase-3 or GSDME, and caspase-3-specific inhibitors, we provided evidence of the requirement of caspase-3/GSDME in the pyroptosis process triggered by SIM. We conclude that reactivating GSDME expression and thereby inducing cancer cell-specific pyroptosis could be a potential therapeutic strategy against GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Cunfeng Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Cunfeng Song, ; Weilin Jin, ; Hai Huang,
| | - Weilin Jin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cunfeng Song, ; Weilin Jin, ; Hai Huang,
| | - Hai Huang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Cunfeng Song, ; Weilin Jin, ; Hai Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duan S, Jia JF, Hong B, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Ge F, Li M. Assessment of Amentoflavone Loaded Sub-Micron Particle Preparation using Supercritical Antisolvent for its Antitumor Activity. Curr Drug Deliv 2022; 19:41-48. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210810142750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
The amentoflavone (AMF) loaded polymeric sub-micron particles were
prepared using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) technology with the aim of improving the anticancer
activity of AMF.
Materials and Methods:
Zein and phospholipid mixtures composed of Hydrogenated Phosphatidylcholine (HPC)
and egg lecithin (EPC) were used as carrier materials and, the effects of carrier composition on the
product morphology and drug release behavior were investigated. When the mass ratio of Zein/HPC/
EPC was 7/2/1, the AMF loaded particles were spherical shape and sub-micron sized around
400 nm, with a drug load of 4.3±0.3 w% and entrapment efficacy of 87.8±1.8%. The in vitro drug
release assay showed that adding EPC in the wall materials could improve the dispersion stability
of the released AMF in an aqueous medium, and the introduction of HPC could accelerate the drug
release speed.
Results:
MTT assay demonstrated that AMF-loaded micron particles have an improved inhibitory
effect on A375 cells, whose IC50 was 37.39μg/ml, compared with that of free AMF(130.2μg/ml).
Conclusion:
It proved that the AMF loaded sub-micron particles prepared by SAS were a prospective
strategy to improve the antitumor activity of AMF, and possibly promote the clinical use of
AMF preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Duan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jing fu Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Biao Hong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fahuan Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Recent trends in design and evaluation of chitosan-based colon targeted drug delivery systems: Update 2020. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
10
|
Guo H, Yan X, Tang H, Zhang X. Assessment of Exenatide loaded Biotinylated Trimethylated Chitosan/HP-55 Nanoparticles. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:32-40. [PMID: 34126896 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210614100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exenatide (EXE) is an anti-hyperglycemic agent approved for treating type 2 diabetes by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, twice-daily injection of exenatide inconveniences most patients. OBJECTIVE In this study, biotinylated trimethylated chitosan (Bio-TMC) based nanoparticles were proposed to promote oral absorption of exenatide. Realizing the oral administration of exenatide is very important to alleviate patient suffering and improve patient compliance. METHODS Bio-TMC was synthesized, and the chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Nanoparticles were prepared through polyelectrolyte interaction in the presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP-55). The formulations were physically and chemically characterized. In vitro release was investigated in different pH media. In vivo antidiabetic activities of biotin modified and non-biotin modified chitosan were evaluated in db/db mice. RESULTS EXE-loaded Bio-TMC/HP-55 nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a mean diameter of 156.2 nm and zeta potential of +11.3 mV. The drug loading efficiency and loading contents were 52.38% and 2.08%, respectively. In vitro release revealed that EXE-loaded Bio-TMC/HP-55 nanoparticles were released faster in pH 1.2 than pH 6.8 (63.71% vs. 50.12%), indicating that nanoparticles had enteric characteristics. Antidiabetic activity study revealed that after oral administration to diabetic mice, the relative pharmacological bioavailability (FPharm%) of the biotin modified nanoparticles was found to be 1.27-fold higher compared with the unmodified ones and the hypoglycemic effect was also better. CONCLUSION Bio-TMC/HP-55 nanoparticles are feasible as oral drug carriers of exenatide and have the potential to be extended to other drugs that are not readily oral, such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, genes, etc., thus, this would be beneficial for pharmaceutical industries. Further research will focus on the biodistribution of Bio-TMC/HP-55 nanoparticles after oral administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hejian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua321000, China
| | - Xuehui Yan
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Jinhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 439 Shuangxi West Road, Jinhua321000, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua321000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 365 Renmin East Road, Jinhua321000, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Manda K, Juerß D, Fischer P, Schröder A, Koenen A, Hildebrandt G. Simvastatin treatment varies the radiation response of human breast cells in 2D or 3D culture. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:658-669. [PMID: 33313978 PMCID: PMC8068713 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Statins inhibit the cholesterol biosynthesis and are used as cholesterol-lowering agents in fat-metabolism disorders. Furthermore, several studies state that statins have supportive functions in breast cancer treatment. Therefore, simvastatin (SVA) as a potential radiosensitizer should be investigated on the basis of human breast cells. Methods First, an optimal concentration of SVA for normal (MCF10A) and cancer (MCF-7) cells was identified via growth and cytotoxicity assays that, according to the definition of a radiosensitizer in the narrower sense, enhances the effect of radiation therapy but has no cytotoxic effect. Next, in combination with radiation SVA's influence on DNA repair capacity and clonogenic survival in 2D and 3D was determined. Furthermore cell cycle distribution, expression of survivin and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as well as ERK1 map kinase were analysed. Results 1 μM SVA was identified as highest concentration without an influence on cell growth and cytotoxicity and was used for further analyses. In terms of early and residual γH2AX-foci, SVA affected the number of foci in both cell lines with or without irradiation. Different radiation responses were detected in 2D and 3D culture conditions. During the 2D cultivation, a radiosensitizing effect within the clonogenic survival was observable, but not in 3D. Conclusion The present study suggests that SVA may have potential for radiosensitization. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the role of SVA in relation to the extent of radiosensitization and how it could be used to positively influence the therapy of breast cancer or other entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Manda
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dajana Juerß
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Paul Fischer
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Annemarie Schröder
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Annelie Koenen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Guido Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Rostock, Suedring 75, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Electrospraying: A facile technology unfolding the chitosan based drug delivery and biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
13
|
Kurakula M, N. NR. Prospection of recent chitosan biomedical trends: Evidence from patent analysis (2009–2020). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1924-1938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Kolonko AK, Efing J, González-Espinosa Y, Bangel-Ruland N, van Driessche W, Goycoolea FM, Weber WM. Capsaicin-Loaded Chitosan Nanocapsules for wtCFTR-mRNA Delivery to a Cystic Fibrosis Cell Line. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090364. [PMID: 32962254 PMCID: PMC7554911 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), a lethal hereditary disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene coding for an epithelial chloride channel, is characterized by an imbalanced homeostasis of ion and water transports in secretory epithelia. As the disease is single-gene based, transcript therapy using therapeutic mRNA is a promising concept of treatment in order to correct many aspects of the fatal pathology on a cellular level. Hence, we developed chitosan nanocapsules surface-loaded with wtCFTR-mRNA to restore CFTR function. Furthermore, we loaded the nanocapsules with capsaicin, aiming to enhance the overall efficiency of transcript therapy by reducing sodium hyperabsorption by the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Dynamic light scattering with non-invasive back scattering (DLS-NIBS) revealed nanocapsules with an average hydrodynamic diameter of ~200 nm and a Zeta potential of ~+60 mV. The results of DLS-NIBS measurements were confirmed by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with multidetection, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images confirmed the spherical morphology and size range. After stability measurements showed that the nanocapsules were highly stable in cell culture transfection medium, and cytotoxicity was ruled out, transfection experiments were performed with the CF cell line CFBE41o-. Finally, transepithelial measurements with a new state-of-the-art Ussing chamber confirmed successfully restored CFTR function in transfected cells. This study demonstrates that CS nanocapsules as a natural and non-toxic delivery system for mRNA to target cells could effectively replace risky vectors for gene delivery. The nanocapsules are not only suitable as a transcript therapy for treatment of CF, but open aspiring possibilities for safe gene delivery in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Katharina Kolonko
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (J.E.); (N.B.-R.); (W.-M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8321784
| | - Janes Efing
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (J.E.); (N.B.-R.); (W.-M.W.)
| | - Yadira González-Espinosa
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (Y.G.-E.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Nadine Bangel-Ruland
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (J.E.); (N.B.-R.); (W.-M.W.)
| | | | - Francisco M. Goycoolea
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (Y.G.-E.); (F.M.G.)
| | - Wolf-Michael Weber
- Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (J.E.); (N.B.-R.); (W.-M.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alhakamy NA, Ahmed OAA, Kurakula M, Caruso G, Caraci F, Asfour HZ, Alfarsi A, Eid BG, Mohamed AI, Alruwaili NK, Abdulaal WH, Fahmy UA, Alhadrami HA, Eldakhakhny BM, Abdel-Naim AB. Chitosan-Based Microparticles Enhance Ellagic Acid's Colon Targeting and Proapoptotic Activity. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E652. [PMID: 32660035 PMCID: PMC7407221 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at improving the targeting and cytotoxic effect of ellagic acid (EA) on colon cancer cells. EA was encapsulated in chitosan (CHIT) polymers then coated by eudragit S100 (ES100) microparticles. The release of EA double-coated microparticles (MPs) was tested at simulative pH values. Maximum release was observed at 24 h and pH 7.4. The cytotoxicity of EA MPs on HCT 116 colon cancer cells was synergistically improved as compared with raw EA. Cell-cycle analysis by flow cytometry suggested enhanced G2-M phase colon cancer cell accumulation. In addition, a significantly higher cell fraction was observed in the pre-G phase, which highlighted the enhancement of the proapoptotic activity of EA formulated in the double-coat mixture. Annexin-V staining was used for substantiation of the observed cell-death-inducing activity. Cell fractions were significantly increased in early, late, and total cell death. This was backed by high elevation in cellular content of caspase 3. Effectiveness of the double-coated EA to target colonic tissues was confirmed using real-time iohexol dye X-ray radiography. In conclusion, CHIT loaded with EA and coated with ES100 formula exhibits improved colon targeting as well as enhanced cytotoxic and proapoptotic activity against HCT 116 colon cancer when compared with the administration of raw EA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (A.A.); (U.A.F.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (A.A.); (U.A.F.)
| | - Mallesh Kurakula
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (G.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (G.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Hani Z. Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas Alfarsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (A.A.); (U.A.F.)
| | - Basma G. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amir I. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Military Medical Academy, Cairo 11757, Egypt;
| | - Nabil K. Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Skaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (O.A.A.A.); (A.A.); (U.A.F.)
| | - Hani A. Alhadrami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80402, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Special Infectious Agent Unit (Biosafety Level 3), King Fahd Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 80402, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M. Eldakhakhny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Awan ZA, Fahmy UA, Badr-Eldin SM, Ibrahim TS, Asfour HZ, Al-Rabia MW, Alfarsi A, Alhakamy NA, Abdulaal WH, Al Sadoun H, Helmi N, Noor AO, Caraci F, Almasri DM, Caruso G. The Enhanced Cytotoxic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Optimized Simvastatin-Loaded Emulsomes on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E597. [PMID: 32604984 PMCID: PMC7407207 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, including simvastatin (SMV), are commonly used for the control of hyperlipidaemia and have also proven therapeutic and preventative effects in cardiovascular diseases. Besides that, there is an emerging interest in their use as antineoplastic drugs as demonstrated by different studies showing their cytotoxic activity against different cancer cells. In this study, SMV-loaded emulsomes (SMV-EMLs) were formulated and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The emulsomes were prepared using a modified thin-film hydration technique. A Box-Behnken model was used to investigate the impact of formulation conditions on vesicle size and drug entrapment. The optimized formulation showed a spherical shape with a vesicle size of 112.42 ± 2.1 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 94.34 ± 1.11%. Assessment of cytotoxic activities indicated that the optimized SMV-EMLs formula exhibited significantly lower half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against MCF-7 cells. Cell cycle analysis indicated the accumulation of cells in the G2-M phase as well as increased cell fraction in the pre-G1 phase, suggesting an enhancement of anti-apoptotic activity of SMV. The staining of cells with Annex V revealed an increase in early and late apoptosis, in line with the increased cellular content of caspase-3 and Bax. In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was significantly decreased. In conclusion, SMV-EMLs demonstrated superior cell death-inducing activity against MCF-7 cells compared to pure SMV. This is mediated, at least in part, by enhanced pro-apoptotic activity and MMP modulation of SMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhier A. Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (S.M.B.-E.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (S.M.B.-E.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hani Z. Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.W.A.-R.)
| | - Mohammed W. Al-Rabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.Z.A.); (M.W.A.-R.)
| | - Anas Alfarsi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (S.M.B.-E.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (S.M.B.-E.); (A.A.); (N.A.A.)
- Advanced Drug Delivery Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hadeel Al Sadoun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nawal Helmi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O. Noor
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.O.N.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, EN, Italy;
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Diena M. Almasri
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.O.N.); (D.M.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, EN, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|