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Rocha MS, Marques CF, Carvalho AC, Martins E, Ereskovsky A, Reis RL, Silva TH. The Characterization and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Chondrosia reniformis Collagen Isolated from Different Body Parts (Ectosome and Choanosome) Envisaging the Development of Biomaterials. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:55. [PMID: 38393026 PMCID: PMC10889977 DOI: 10.3390/md22020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chondrosia reniformis is a collagen-rich marine sponge that is considered a sustainable and viable option for producing an alternative to mammalian-origin collagens. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the properties of collagen isolated from different sponge parts, namely the outer region, or cortex, (ectosome) and the inner region (choanosome), and how it affects the development of biomaterials. In this study, a brief histological analysis focusing on C. reniformis collagen spatial distribution and a comprehensive comparative analysis between collagen isolated from ectosome and choanosome are presented. The isolated collagen characterization was based on isolation yield, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), circular dichroism (CD), SDS-PAGE, dot blot, and amino acid composition, as well as their cytocompatibility envisaging the development of future biomedical applications. An isolation yield of approximately 20% was similar for both sponge parts, as well as the FTIR, CD, and SDS-PAGE profiles, which demonstrated that both isolated collagens presented a high purity degree and preserved their triple helix and fibrillar conformation. Ectosome collagen had a higher OHpro content and possessed collagen type I and IV, while the choanosome was predominately constituted by collagen type IV. In vitro cytotoxicity assays using the L929 fibroblast cell line displayed a significant cytotoxic effect of choanosome collagen at 2 mg/mL, while ectosome collagen enhanced cell metabolism and proliferation, thus indicating the latter as being more suitable for the development of biomaterials. This research represents a unique comparative study of C. reniformis body parts, serving as a support for further establishing this marine sponge as a promising alternative collagen source for the future development of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel S. Rocha
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (C.F.M.); (A.C.C.); (E.M.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Catarina F. Marques
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (C.F.M.); (A.C.C.); (E.M.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Ana C. Carvalho
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (C.F.M.); (A.C.C.); (E.M.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Eva Martins
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (C.F.M.); (A.C.C.); (E.M.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Alexander Ereskovsky
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, Avignon University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 13007 Marseille, France;
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Embryology, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (C.F.M.); (A.C.C.); (E.M.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal; (M.S.R.); (C.F.M.); (A.C.C.); (E.M.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga/Guimaraes, Portugal
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Tassara E, Oliveri C, Vezzulli L, Cerrano C, Xiao L, Giovine M, Pozzolini M. 2D Collagen Membranes from Marine Demosponge Chondrosia reniformis (Nardo, 1847) for Skin-Regenerative Medicine Applications: An In Vitro Evaluation. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:428. [PMID: 37623709 PMCID: PMC10455478 DOI: 10.3390/md21080428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has an ever-increasing need for innovative biomaterials suitable for the production of wound-dressing devices and artificial skin-like substitutes. Marine collagen is one of the most promising biomaterials for the production of such devices. In this study, for the first time, 2D collagen membranes (2D-CMs) created from the extracellular matrix extract of the marine demosponge Chondrosia reniformis have been evaluated in vitro as possible tools for wound healing. Fibrillar collagen was extracted from a pool of fresh animals and used for the creation of 2D-CMs, in which permeability to water, proteins, and bacteria, and cellular response in the L929 fibroblast cell line were evaluated. The biodegradability of the 2D-CMs was also assessed by following their degradation in PBS and collagenase solutions for up to 21 days. Results showed that C. reniformis-derived membranes avoided liquid and protein loss in the regeneration region and also functioned as a strong barrier against bacteria infiltration into a wound. Gene expression analyses on fibroblasts stated that their interaction with 2D-CMs is able to improve fibronectin production without interfering with the regular extracellular matrix remodeling processes. These findings, combined with the high extraction yield of fibrillar collagen obtained from C. reniformis with a solvent-free approach, underline how important further studies on the aquaculture of this sponge could be for the sustainable production and biotechnological exploitation of this potentially promising and peculiar biopolymer of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Tassara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (E.T.); (C.O.); (L.V.)
| | - Caterina Oliveri
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (E.T.); (C.O.); (L.V.)
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (E.T.); (C.O.); (L.V.)
| | - Carlo Cerrano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Lian Xiao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China;
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (E.T.); (C.O.); (L.V.)
| | - Marina Pozzolini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Via Pastore 3, 16132 Genova, Italy; (E.T.); (C.O.); (L.V.)
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Roveta C, Calcinai B, Girolametti F, Fernandes Couceiro J, Puce S, Annibaldi A, Costa R. The prokaryotic community of Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847: from diversity to mercury detection. ZOOLOGY 2023; 158:126091. [PMID: 37003141 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2023.126091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities inhabiting sponges are known to take part in many metabolic pathways, including nutrient cycles, and possibly also in the bioaccumulation of trace elements (TEs). Here, we used high-throughput, Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes to characterize the prokaryotic communities present in the cortex and choanosome, respectively the external and internal body region of Chondrosia reniformis, and in the surrounding seawater. Furthermore, we estimated the total mercury content (THg) in these body regions of the sponge and in the corresponding microbial cell pellets. Fifteen prokaryotic phyla were detected in association with C. reniformis, 13 belonging to the domain Bacteria and two to the Archaea. No significant differences between the prokaryotic community composition of the two regions were found. Three lineages of ammonium-oxidizing organisms (Cenarchaeum symbiosum, Nitrosopumilus maritimus, and Nitrosococcus sp.) co-dominated the prokaryotic community, suggesting ammonium oxidation/nitrification as a key metabolic pathway within the microbiome of C. reniformis. In the sponge fractions, higher THg levels were found in the choanosome compared to the cortex. In contrast, comparable THg levels found in the microbial pellets obtained from both regions were significantly lower than those observed in the corresponding sponge fractions. Our work provides new insights into the prokaryotic communities and TEs distribution in different body parts of a model organism relevant for marine conservation and biotechnology. In this sense, this study paves the way for scientists to deepen the possible application of sponges not only as bioindicators, but also as bioremediation tools of metal polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Roveta
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Barbara Calcinai
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Girolametti
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Joana Fernandes Couceiro
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefania Puce
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Annibaldi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Portugal
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Mirata S, Almonti V, Di Giuseppe D, Fornasini L, Raneri S, Vernazza S, Bersani D, Gualtieri AF, Bassi AM, Scarfì S. The Acute Toxicity of Mineral Fibres: A Systematic In Vitro Study Using Different THP-1 Macrophage Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2840. [PMID: 35269982 PMCID: PMC8911508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are the first line of defence against detrimental inhaled stimuli. To date, no comparative data have been obtained on the inflammatory response induced by different carcinogenic mineral fibres in the three main macrophage phenotypes: M0 (non-activated), M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (alternatively activated). To gain new insights into the different toxicity mechanisms of carcinogenic mineral fibres, the acute effects of fibrous erionite, crocidolite and chrysotile in the three phenotypes obtained by THP-1 monocyte differentiation were investigated. The three mineral fibres apparently act by different toxicity mechanisms. Crocidolite seems to exert its toxic effects mostly as a result of its biodurability, ROS and cytokine production and DNA damage. Chrysotile, due to its low biodurability, displays toxic effects related to the release of toxic metals and the production of ROS and cytokines. Other mechanisms are involved in explaining the toxicity of biodurable fibrous erionite, which induces lower ROS and toxic metal release but exhibits a cation-exchange capacity able to alter the intracellular homeostasis of important cations. Concerning the differences among the three macrophage phenotypes, similar behaviour in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators was observed. The M2 phenotype, although known as a cell type recruited to mitigate the inflammatory state, in the case of asbestos fibres and erionite, serves to support the process by supplying pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Mirata
- Department Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Vanessa Almonti
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Dario Di Giuseppe
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.D.G.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Laura Fornasini
- ICCOM-CNR—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Simona Raneri
- ICCOM-CNR—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefania Vernazza
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Danilo Bersani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Alessandro F. Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy; (D.D.G.); (A.F.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
- Department Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), 56122 Pisa, Italy; (V.A.); (S.V.); (A.M.B.)
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5
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Sandoval K, McCormack GP. Actinoporin-like Proteins Are Widely Distributed in the Phylum Porifera. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010074. [PMID: 35049929 PMCID: PMC8778704 DOI: 10.3390/md20010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinoporins are proteinaceous toxins known for their ability to bind to and create pores in cellular membranes. This quality has generated interest in their potential use as new tools, such as therapeutic immunotoxins. Isolated historically from sea anemones, genes encoding for similar actinoporin-like proteins have since been found in a small number of other animal phyla. Sequencing and de novo assembly of Irish Haliclona transcriptomes indicated that sponges also possess similar genes. An exhaustive analysis of publicly available sequencing data from other sponges showed that this is a potentially widespread feature of the Porifera. While many sponge proteins possess a sequence similarity of 27.70–59.06% to actinoporins, they show consistency in predicted structure. One gene copy from H. indistincta has significant sequence similarity to sea anemone actinoporins and possesses conserved residues associated with the fundamental roles of sphingomyelin recognition, membrane attachment, oligomerization, and pore formation, indicating that it may be an actinoporin. Phylogenetic analyses indicate frequent gene duplication, no distinct clade for sponge-derived proteins, and a stronger signal towards actinoporins than similar proteins from other phyla. Overall, this study provides evidence that a diverse array of Porifera represents a novel source of actinoporin-like proteins which may have biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
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Di Giuseppe D, Scarfì S, Alessandrini A, Bassi AM, Mirata S, Almonti V, Ragazzini G, Mescola A, Filaferro M, Avallone R, Vitale G, Scognamiglio V, Gualtieri AF. Acute cytotoxicity of mineral fibres observed by time-lapse video microscopy. Toxicology 2021; 466:153081. [PMID: 34953976 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of mineral fibres is associated with the onset of an inflammatory activity in the lungs and the pleura responsible for the development of fatal malignancies. It is known that cell damage is a necessary step for triggering the inflammatory response. However, the mechanisms by which mineral fibres exert cytotoxic activity are not fully understood. In this work, the kinetics of the early cytotoxicity mechanisms of three mineral fibres (i.e., chrysotile, crocidolite and fibrous erionite) classified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, was determined for the first time in a comparative manner using time-lapse video microscopy coupled with in vitro assays. All tests were performed using the THP-1 cell line, differentiated into M0 macrophages (M0-THP-1) and exposed for short times (8 h) to 25 μg/mL aliquots of chrysotile, crocidolite and fibrous erionite. The toxic action of fibrous erionite on M0-THP-1 cells is manifested since the early steps (2 h) of the experiment while the cytotoxicity of crocidolite and chrysotile gradually increases during the time span of the experiment. Chrysotile and crocidolite prompt cell death mainly via apoptosis, while erionite exposure is also probably associated to a necrotic-like effect. The potential mechanisms underlying these different toxicity behaviours are discussed in the light of the different morphological, and chemical-physical properties of the three fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Di Giuseppe
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Modena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Mirata
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Almonti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Monica Filaferro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossella Avallone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Scognamiglio
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Di Cesare Mannelli L, Palma Esposito F, Sangiovanni E, Pagano E, Mannucci C, Polini B, Ghelardini C, Dell’Agli M, Izzo AA, Calapai G, de Pascale D, Nieri P. Pharmacological Activities of Extracts and Compounds Isolated from Mediterranean Sponge Sources. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121329. [PMID: 34959729 PMCID: PMC8715745 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine pharmacology is an exciting and growing discipline that blends blue biotechnology and natural compound pharmacology together. Several sea-derived compounds that are approved on the pharmaceutical market were discovered in sponges, marine organisms that are particularly rich in bioactive metabolites. This paper was specifically aimed at reviewing the pharmacological activities of extracts or purified compounds from marine sponges that were collected in the Mediterranean Sea, one of the most biodiverse marine habitats, filling the gap in the literature about the research of natural products from this geographical area. Findings regarding different Mediterranean sponge species were individuated, reporting consistent evidence of efficacy mainly against cancer, infections, inflammatory, and neurological disorders. The sustainable exploitation of Mediterranean sponges as pharmaceutical sources is strongly encouraged to discover new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health—Neurofarba—Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fortunato Palma Esposito
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (F.P.E.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health—Neurofarba—Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.S.); (M.D.)
| | - Angelo Antonio Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.P.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; (F.P.E.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Center of Marine Pharmacology (MarinePHARMA), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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8
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Orel B, Giovine M, Ilan M. On the Path to Thermo-Stable Collagen: Culturing the Versatile Sponge Chondrosia reniformis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120669. [PMID: 34940668 PMCID: PMC8703642 DOI: 10.3390/md19120669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The collagen proteins family is sought-after in the pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food industries for various biotechnological applications. The most abundant sources of collagen are pigs and cows, but due to religious restrictions and possible disease transmission, they became less attractive. An alternative source can be found in marine invertebrates, specifically in sponges. Alas, two problems arise: (1). Growing sponges is complicated. (2). Sponge collagen has low heat tolerance, which can impose a problem for human biotechnological usage. To fill these gaps, we studied the collagen-abundant sponge Chondrosia reniformis. Two culture experiments were conducted: (1). A sea-based system examined the difference in growth rates of C. reniformis from different habitats, growing under natural seasonal conditions; (2). A land-based controlled system, which assessed the growth-rate of C. reniformis at different temperatures. The results reveal that C. reniformis from shallow habitats are growing larger and faster than individuals from colder, deeper habitats, and that the optimal temperature for C. reniformis growth is 25 °C. The results demonstrate that C. reniformis is highly fit for culture and can produce thermally stable collagen. Further research is needed to determine the best conditions for C. reniformis culture for collagen extract and other exciting materials for bioprospecting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Orel
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Giovine
- Department of Sciences of Earth, Environment and Life, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Micha Ilan
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
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Šimat V, Elabed N, Kulawik P, Ceylan Z, Jamroz E, Yazgan H, Čagalj M, Regenstein JM, Özogul F. Recent Advances in Marine-Based Nutraceuticals and Their Health Benefits. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E627. [PMID: 33317025 PMCID: PMC7764318 DOI: 10.3390/md18120627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The oceans have been the Earth's most valuable source of food. They have now also become a valuable and versatile source of bioactive compounds. The significance of marine organisms as a natural source of new substances that may contribute to the food sector and the overall health of humans are expanding. This review is an update on the recent studies of functional seafood compounds (chitin and chitosan, pigments from algae, fish lipids and omega-3 fatty acids, essential amino acids and bioactive proteins/peptides, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and minerals) focusing on their potential use as nutraceuticals and health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Nariman Elabed
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB), National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Avenue de la République, BP 77-1054 Amilcar, Tunisia;
| | - Piotr Kulawik
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Zafer Ceylan
- Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Faculty of Tourism, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, 65080 Van, Turkey;
| | - Ewelina Jamroz
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Cracow, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Hatice Yazgan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey;
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Joe M. Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7201, USA;
| | - Fatih Özogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
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