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Filho WEM, Almeida-Souza F, Vale AAM, Victor EC, Rocha MCB, Silva GX, Teles AM, Nascimento FRF, Moragas-Tellis CJ, Chagas MDSDS, Behrens MD, Hardoim DDJ, Taniwaki NN, Lima JA, Abreu-Silva AL, Gil da Costa RM, Calabrese KDS, Azevedo-Santos APSD, Nascimento MDDSB. Antitumor Effect of Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Seed Extract in LNCaP Cells and in the Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092544. [PMID: 37174010 PMCID: PMC10177358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Euterpe oleracea (açaí) fruit has approximately 15% pulp, which is partly edible and commercialized, and 85% seeds. Although açaí seeds are rich in catechins-polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects-almost 935,000 tons/year of seeds are discarded as industrial waste. This work evaluated the antitumor properties of E. oleracea in vitro and in vivo in a solid Ehrlich tumor in mice. The seed extract presented 86.26 ± 0.189 mg of catechin/g of extract. The palm and pulp extracts did not exhibit in vitro antitumor activity, while the fruit and seed extracts showed cytotoxic effects on the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line, inducing mitochondrial and nuclear alterations. Oral treatments were performed daily at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of E. oleracea seed extract. The tumor development and histology were evaluated, along with immunological and toxicological parameters. Treatment at 400 mg/kg reduced the tumor size, nuclear pleomorphism, and mitosis figures, increasing tumor necrosis. Treated groups showed cellularity of lymphoid organs comparable to the untreated group, suggesting less infiltration in the lymph node and spleen and preservation of the bone marrow. The highest doses reduced IL-6 and induced IFN-γ, suggesting antitumor and immunomodulatory effects. Thus, açaí seeds can be an important source of compounds with antitumor and immunoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walbert Edson Muniz Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, Sao Luis 65055-310, Brazil
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - André Alvares Marques Vale
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Immunology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Elis Cabral Victor
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Immunology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Mirtes Castelo Branco Rocha
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Immunology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Xavier Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Amanda Mara Teles
- Postgraduate Program in Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Junqueira Moragas-Tellis
- Natural Products Department, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Dutra Behrens
- Natural Products Department, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Daiana de Jesus Hardoim
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | | | - Josélia Alencar Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Abreu-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, Sao Luis 65055-310, Brazil
| | - Rui M Gil da Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Health Research Network, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology, Institute of Porto (CI-IPOP/RISE@CI-IPOP), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Silva de Azevedo-Santos
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Immunology, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
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Okella H, Ikiriza H, Ochwo S, Ajayi CO, Ndekezi C, Nkamwesiga J, Kaggwa B, Aber J, Mtewa AG, Koffi TK, Odongo S, Vertommen D, Kato CD, Ogwang PE. Identification of Antimicrobial Peptides Isolated From the Skin Mucus of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:794631. [PMID: 34987491 PMCID: PMC8721588 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.794631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) constitute a broad range of bioactive compounds in diverse organisms, including fish. They are effector molecules for the innate immune response, against pathogens, tissue damage and infections. Still, AMPs from African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, skin mucus are largely unexplored despite their possible therapeutic role in combating antimicrobial resistance. In this study, African Catfish Antimicrobial peptides (ACAPs) were identified from the skin mucus of African Catfish, C. gariepinus. Native peptides were extracted from fish mucus scrapings in 10% acetic acid (v/v) and ultra-filtered using 5 kDa molecular weight cut-off membrane. The extract was purified using C18 Solid-Phase Extraction. The antibacterial activity was determined using the Agar Well Diffusion method and broth-dilution method utilizing Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). Thereafter, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration was further utilized in bio-guided isolation of the most active fractions prior to peptide identification using Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid Mass Spectrometry. The skin mucus extracted from African Catfish from all the three major lakes of Uganda exhibited antimicrobial activity on E. coli and S. aureus. Lake Albert's C. gariepinus demonstrated the best activity with the lowest MIC of 2.84 and 0.71 μg/ml on S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Sephadex G-25 peak I mass spectrometry analysis (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029193) alongside in silico analysis revealed seven short peptides (11-16 amino acid residues) of high antimicrobial scores (0.561-0.905 units). In addition, these peptides had a low molecular weight (1005.57-1622.05 Da) and had percentage hydrophobicity above 54%. Up to four of these AMPs demonstrated α-helix structure conformation, rendering them amphipathic. The findings of this study indicate that novel AMPs can be sourced from the skin mucus of C. gariepinus. Such AMPs are potential alternatives to the traditional antibiotics and can be of great application to food and pharmaceutical industries; however, further studies are still needed to establish their drug-likeness and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedmon Okella
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Centre, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Hilda Ikiriza
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Centre, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Sylvester Ochwo
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Clement Olusoji Ajayi
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Centre, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - Joseph Nkamwesiga
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bruhan Kaggwa
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Centre, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Jacqueline Aber
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Centre, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Andrew Glory Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Tindo Kevin Koffi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Steven Odongo
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute and MASSPROT Platform, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Drago Kato
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Engeu Ogwang
- Pharm-Biotechnology and Traditional Medicine Centre, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Alves C, Diederich M. Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080447. [PMID: 34436286 PMCID: PMC8398653 DOI: 10.3390/md19080447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major threats to human health and one of the deadliest diseases worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.D.)
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