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Du Y, Shuai Y, Liu Z, Li H, Yin Y. Astaxanthin Synergizes with Ionizing Radiation (IR) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:1220-1228. [PMID: 38103098 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ATX) is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammation functions yet its role in cancers requires more research. This study is aimed to reveal the potential synergetic effect of ATX with ionizing radiation (IR) in OSCC. Cell survival was measured after human OSCC cells including CAL27 and SCC9, and normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) were treated with different concentrations of ATX for 24 h. Colony formation assays were performed after OSCC cells were treated with IR, ATX (20 μ M), or combined and survival fraction was analyzed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and intercellular iron levels were measured. Western blot method was used to measure the ferroptosis-related proteins, GPX4, SLC7A11, and ACSL4. In xenograft mice model, we evaluated the tumor volumes, tumor growth, and examined the GPX4/ACSL4 proteins in tumor tissues using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). ATX inhibited viability of OSCC cells but not NHOK. In OSCC cells, ATX further enhanced the cell death induced by IR. In addition, ATX promoted the MDA content, Iron levels but inhibited the GSH regulated by IR in cells. ATX could synergize with IR, further inhibiting GPX4, SLC7A11 and promoting ACSL4 in OSCC cells. In vivo, ATX and IR treatment inhibited OSCC tumor growth and the group with combined treatment showed the most inhibitory effect. GPX4 was inhibited by IR and further inhibited in the combined group while ACSL4 was promoted by IR and enhanced more significantly in the combined group. ATX might synergize with IR treatment in OSCC partly via ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Du
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjie Shuai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huisheng Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yin
- Department of Stomatology, PLA 983rd Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China.
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2
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Cunha FFMD, Tonon AP, Machado F, Travassos LR, Grazzia N, Possatto JF, Sant'ana AKCD, Lopes RDM, Rodrigues T, Miguel DC, Gadelha FR, Arruda DC. Astaxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and exhibits antitumor activity in vivo. J Chemother 2024; 36:222-237. [PMID: 37800867 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2264585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Countless efforts have been made to prevent and suppress the formation and spread of melanoma. Natural astaxanthin (AST; extracted from the alga Haematococcus pluvialis) showed an antitumor effect on various cancer cell lines due to its interaction with the cell membrane. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor effect of AST against B16F10-Nex2 murine melanoma cells using cell viability assay and evaluate its mechanism of action using electron microscopy, western blotting analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Astaxanthin exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in murine melanoma cells with features of apoptosis and autophagy. Astaxanthin also decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro assays at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, assays were conducted in metastatic cancer models in mice where AST significantly decreased the development of pulmonary nodules. In conclusion, AST has cytotoxic effect in melanoma cells and inhibits cell migration and invasion, indicating a promising use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Pedroso Tonon
- Instituto de Física e Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabricio Machado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Rodolpho Travassos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rayssa de Mello Lopes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Costa Arruda
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia (NIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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Thepthanee C, Ei ZZ, Benjakul S, Zou H, Petsri K, Innets B, Chanvorachote P. Shrimp Lipids Inhibit Migration, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Cancer Stem Cells via Akt/mTOR/c-Myc Pathway Suppression. Biomedicines 2024; 12:722. [PMID: 38672078 PMCID: PMC11048134 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp is a rich source of bioactive molecules that provide health benefits. However, the high cholesterol content in shrimp oil may pose a risk. We utilized the cholesterol elimination method to obtain cholesterol-free shrimp lipids (CLs) and investigated their anticancer potential, focusing on cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our study focused on CSCs and EMT, as these factors are known to contribute to cancer metastasis. The results showed that treatment with CLs at doses ranging from 0 to 500 µg/mL significantly suppressed the cell migration ability of human lung cancer (H460 and H292) cells, indicating its potential to inhibit cancer metastasis. The CLs at such concentrations did not cause cytotoxicity to normal human keratinocytes. Additionally, CL treatment was found to significantly reduce the levels of Snail, Slug, and Vimentin, which are markers of EMT. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of CLs on CSC-like phenotypes and found that CLs could significantly suppress the formation of a three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, CLs induced apoptosis in the CSC-rich population and significantly depleted the levels of CSC markers CD133, CD44, and Sox2. A mechanistic investigation demonstrated that exposing lung cancer cells to CLs downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, as well as c-Myc expression. Based on these findings, we believe that CLs may have beneficial effects on health as they potentially suppress EMT and CSCs, as well as the cancer-potentiating pathway of Akt/mTOR/c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorpaka Thepthanee
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Zin Zin Ei
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (Z.Z.E.); (B.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Korrakod Petsri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Bhurichaya Innets
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (Z.Z.E.); (B.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (Z.Z.E.); (B.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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4
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Astaxanthin: A promising therapeutic agent for organ fibrosis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106657. [PMID: 36682437 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the end-stage pathological manifestation of many chronic diseases. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and activation of myofibroblasts are the most prominent features of fibrosis, with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues leading to organ tissue damage, which eventually progresses to organ failure and leads to high mortality rates. At present, a large number of studies have been conducted on tissue fibrosis, and the pathological mechanism of fibrosis development has generally been recognized. However, the prevention and treatment of fibrosis is still an unsolved problem, and a shortage of drugs that can be used in the clinic persists. Astaxanthin (ASTX), a carotenoid, is widely known for its strong antioxidant capacity. ASTX also has other biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiaging and anticancer properties. Recently, many papers have reported that ASTX inhibits the occurrence and development of fibrosis by regulating signaling molecular pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β/small mother against decapentaplegic protein (TGF-β1/Smad), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), microRNA, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf 2/ARE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways. By targeting these molecular signaling pathways, ASTX may become a potential drug for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic effects of ASTX on organ fibrosis and its underlying mechanisms of action. By reviewing the results from in vitro and in vivo studies, we analyzed the therapeutic prospects of ASTX for various fibrotic diseases and provided insights into and strategies for exploring new drugs for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Alugoju P, Krishna Swamy VKD, Anthikapalli NVA, Tencomnao T. Health benefits of astaxanthin against age-related diseases of multiple organs: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10709-10774. [PMID: 35708049 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2084600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related diseases are associated with increased morbidity in the past few decades and the cost associated with the treatment of these age-related diseases exerts a substantial impact on social and health care expenditure. Anti-aging strategies aim to mitigate, delay and reverse aging-associated diseases, thereby improving quality of life and reducing the burden of age-related pathologies. The natural dietary antioxidant supplementation offers substantial pharmacological and therapeutic effects against various disease conditions. Astaxanthin is one such natural carotenoid with superior antioxidant activity than other carotenoids, as well as well as vitamins C and E, and additionally, it is known to exhibit a plethora of pharmacological effects. The present review summarizes the protective molecular mechanisms of actions of astaxanthin on age-related diseases of multiple organs such as Neurodegenerative diseases [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Stroke, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Status Epilepticus (SE)], Bone Related Diseases [Osteoarthritis (OA) and Osteoporosis], Cancers [Colon cancer, Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, and Lung Cancer], Cardiovascular disorders [Hypertension, Atherosclerosis and Myocardial infarction (MI)], Diabetes associated complications [Diabetic nephropathy (DN), Diabetic neuropathy, and Diabetic retinopathy (DR)], Eye disorders [Age related macular degeneration (AMD), Dry eye disease (DED), Cataract and Uveitis], Gastric Disorders [Gastritis, Colitis, and Functional dyspepsia], Kidney Disorders [Nephrolithiasis, Renal fibrosis, Renal Ischemia reperfusion (RIR), Acute kidney injury (AKI), and hyperuricemia], Liver Diseases [Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Alcoholic Liver Disease (AFLD), Liver fibrosis, and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) Injury], Pulmonary Disorders [Pulmonary Fibrosis, Acute Lung injury (ALI), and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)], Muscle disorders (skeletal muscle atrophy), Skin diseases [Atopic dermatitis (ATD), Skin Photoaging, and Wound healing]. We have also briefly discussed astaxanthin's protective effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phaniendra Alugoju
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V K D Krishna Swamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University (A Central University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Insight into the Progress on Natural Dyes: Sources, Structural Features, Health Effects, Challenges, and Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103291. [PMID: 35630767 PMCID: PMC9144664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dyes play an important role in food, medicine, textile, and other industries, which make human life more colorful. With the increasing demand for food safety, the development of natural dyes becomes more and more attractive. (2) Methods: The literature was searched using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SciFinder and this scoping review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). (3) Results: 248 articles were included in this review. This review summarizes the research progress on natural dyes in the last ten years. According to structural features, natural dyes mainly include carotenoids, polyphenols, porphyrins, and alkaloids, and some of the newest dyes are summarized. Some pharmacological activities of carotenoids, anthocyanin, curcumin, and betalains in the last 10 years are summarized, and the biological effects of dyes regarding illumination conditions. The disadvantages of natural dyes, including sources, cost, stability, and poor bioavailability, limit their application. Here, some feasible strategies (potential resources, biotechnology, new extraction and separation strategies, strategies for improving stability) are described, which will contribute to the development and utilization of natural dyes. (4) Conclusion: Natural dyes show health benefits and potential in food additives. However, it is necessary for natural dyes to pass toxicity tests and quality tests and receive many regulatory approvals before their final entry into the market as food colorants or as drugs.
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Alves C, Silva J, Afonso MB, Guedes RA, Guedes RC, Alvariño R, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Goettert MI, Alfonso A, Rodrigues CMP, Alpoím MC, Botana L, Pedrosa R. Disclosing the antitumour potential of the marine bromoditerpene sphaerococcenol A on distinct cancer cellular models. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112886. [PMID: 35378501 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has revealed to be a key source of innovative anticancer drugs. This study evaluated the antitumour potential of the marine bromoditerpene sphaerococcenol A on different cancer cellular models. Dose-response analyses (0.1-100 µM; 24 h) were accomplished in eight different tumour cell lines (A549, CACO-2, HCT-15, MCF-7, NCI-H226, PC-3, SH-SY5Y, SK-MEL-28). Deeper studies were conducted on MFC-7 cells, namely, determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and evaluation of apoptosis biomarkers (phosphatidylserine membrane translocation, mitochondrial dysfunction, Caspase-9 activity, and DNA changes). The ability of the compound to induce genotoxicity was verified in L929 fibroblasts. Sphaerococcenol A capacity to impact colorectal-cancer stem cells (CSCs) tumourspheres (HT29, HCT116, SW620) was evaluated by determining tumourspheres viability, number, and area, as well as the proteasome inhibitory activity. Sphaerococcenol A hepatoxicity was studied in AML12 hepatocytes. The compound exhibited cytotoxicity in all malignant cell lines (IC50 ranging from 4.5 to 16.6 µM). MCF-7 cells viability loss was accompanied by H2O2 generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, Caspase-9 activation and DNA nuclear morphology changes. Furthermore, the compound displayed the lowest IC50 on HT29-derived tumourspheres (0.70 µM), followed by HCT116 (1.77 µM) and SW620 (2.74 µM), impacting the HT29 tumoursphere formation by reducing their number and area. Finally, the compound displayed low cytotoxicity on AML12 hepatocytes without genotoxicity. Overall, sphaerococcenol A exhibits broad cytotoxic effects on different tumour cells, increasing H2O2 production and apoptosis. It also affects colorectal CSCs-enriched tumoursphere development. These data highlight the relevance to include sphaerococcenol A in further pharmacological studies aiming cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal.
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Romina A Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita C Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Márcia I Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Programme in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Alpoím
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Botana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal.
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Miri MR, Zare A, Saberzadeh J, Baghban N, Nabipour I, Tamadon A. Anti-lung Cancer Marine Compounds: A Review. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2022; 56:191-205. [PMID: 35025082 DOI: 10.1007/s43441-022-00375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers in human beings. Lung cancer has been divided into two major types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Current drugs suffer from various side effects, and the insufficient efficacy of present treatments creates a desire for better more efficient new drugs. This review compares the diversity of marine-derived bioactive compounds from different marine species. Some of the natural products from marine resources are in different stages of clinical trials. By the way, most of them have been studied in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, in this review, the mechanisms of action of marine-derived anti-lung cancer components on lung cancer cell lines have been reviewed. In addition, considering growing rate and the high costs of cancer research, attention must be paid to some aspects of targeting and developing anti-lung cancer drug. In better words, like the other therapeutic strategies that have their particular challenges and weak points, several challenges about marine-derived anti-lung cancer components which exist for scientists for doing research are explained. Moreover, as the attentions in the field of cancer therapy are focused on designing and developing new anticancer strategies for the treatment of cancer in the future, the application of marine-derived anti-lung cancer components in the field of future cancer therapy and their role in future anticancer strategies are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Miri
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshin Zare
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Jamileh Saberzadeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells by Dietary Agents: An Important Therapeutic Strategy against Human Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111669. [PMID: 34769099 PMCID: PMC8584029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a multifactorial disease, treatment of cancer depends on understanding unique mechanisms involved in its progression. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumor stemness and by enhancing colony formation, proliferation as well as metastasis, and these cells can also mediate resistance to therapy. Furthermore, the presence of CSCs leads to cancer recurrence and therefore their complete eradication can have immense therapeutic benefits. The present review focuses on targeting CSCs by natural products in cancer therapy. The growth and colony formation capacities of CSCs have been reported can be attenuated by the dietary agents. These compounds can induce apoptosis in CSCs and reduce tumor migration and invasion via EMT inhibition. A variety of molecular pathways including STAT3, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Gli1 and NF-κB undergo down-regulation by dietary agents in suppressing CSC features. Upon exposure to natural agents, a significant decrease occurs in levels of CSC markers including CD44, CD133, ALDH1, Oct4 and Nanog to impair cancer stemness. Furthermore, CSC suppression by dietary agents can enhance sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In addition to in vitro studies, as well as experiments on the different preclinical models have shown capacity of natural products in suppressing cancer stemness. Furthermore, use of nanostructures for improving therapeutic impact of dietary agents is recommended to rapidly translate preclinical findings for clinical use.
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Fatma H, Siddique HR, Maurya SK. The multiple faces of NANOG in cancer: a therapeutic target to chemosensitize therapy-resistant cancers. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1885-1900. [PMID: 34693722 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NANOG regulates self-renewal and pluripotency in embryonic cells, and its downregulation leads to cell differentiation. Recent studies have linked upregulation of NANOG in various cancers and the regulation of expression of different molecules, and vice versa, to induce proliferation, metastasis, invasion and chemoresistance. Thus NANOG is an oncogene that functions by inducing stem cells' circuitries and heterogeneity in cancers. Understanding NANOG's role in various cancers may lead to it becoming a therapeutic target to halt cancer progression. The NANOG network can also be targeted to resensitize resistant cancer cells to conventional therapies. The current review focuses on NANOG regulation in the various signaling networks leading to cancer progression and chemoresistance, and highlights the therapeutic aspect of targeting NANOG in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Fatma
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Santosh K Maurya
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
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Giani M, Montoyo-Pujol YG, Peiró G, Martínez-Espinosa RM. Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110594. [PMID: 34822465 PMCID: PMC8625793 DOI: 10.3390/md19110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Over the years, oxidative stress has been linked to the onset and progression of cancer. In addition to the classical histological classification, breast carcinomas are classified into phenotypes according to hormone receptors (estrogen receptor-RE-/progesterone receptor-PR) and growth factor receptor (human epidermal growth factor receptor-HER2) expression. Luminal tumors (ER/PR-positive/HER2-negative) are present in older patients with a better outcome. However, patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (ER/PR/HER2-negative) subtypes still represent highly aggressive behavior, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Therefore, new alternative therapies have become an urgent clinical need. In recent years, anticancer agents based on natural products have been receiving huge interest. In particular, carotenoids are natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables, but algae, bacteria, and archaea also produce them. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids have been studied during the last years due to their potential in preventing and treating multiple diseases, including cancer. Although the effect of carotenoids on breast cancer during in vitro and in vivo studies is promising, clinical trials are still inconclusive. The haloarchaeal carotenoid bacterioruberin holds great promise to the future of biomedicine due to its particular structure, and antioxidant activity. However, much work remains to be performed to draw firm conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pre-clinical and clinical analysis on the use of carotenoids as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer, highlighting the most recent results regarding the use of bacterioruberin from haloarchaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Giani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain;
- Applied Biochemistry Research Group, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Yoel Genaro Montoyo-Pujol
- Breast Cancer Research Group, Research Unit, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL) Hospital General Universitario, Pintor Baeza 12, E-03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Gloria Peiró
- Department of Pathology, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL) Hospital General Universitario, Pintor Baeza 12, E-03010 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain;
- Applied Biochemistry Research Group, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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12
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Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system’s response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Alves C, Diederich M. Marine Natural Products as Anticancer Agents. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080447. [PMID: 34436286 PMCID: PMC8398653 DOI: 10.3390/md19080447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the major threats to human health and one of the deadliest diseases worldwide [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.A.); (M.D.)
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