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Chen Q, Lyu L, Xue H, Shah AM, Zhao ZK. Engineering a non-model yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa for terpenoids synthesis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:569-576. [PMID: 38690180 PMCID: PMC11058065 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids have tremendous biological activities and are widely employed in food, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. Using synthetic biology to product terpenoids from microbial cell factories presents a promising alternative route compared to conventional methods such as chemical synthesis or phytoextraction. The red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa has been widely studied due to its natural production capacity of carotenoid and lipids, indicating a strong endogenous isoprene pathway with readily available metabolic intermediates. This study constructed several engineered strains of R. mucilaginosa with the aim of producing different terpenoids. Monoterpene α-terpineol was produced by expressing the α-terpineol synthase from Vitis vinifera. The titer of α-terpineol was further enhanced to 0.39 mg/L by overexpressing the endogenous rate-limiting gene of the MVA pathway. Overexpression of α-farnesene synthase from Malus domestica, in combination with MVA pathway rate-limiting gene resulted in significant increase in α-farnesene production, reaching a titer of 822 mg/L. The carotenoid degradation product β-ionone was produced at a titer of 0.87 mg/L by expressing the β-ionone synthase from Petunia hybrida. This study demonstrates the potential of R. mucilaginosa as a platform host for the direct biosynthesis of various terpenoids and provides insights for further development of such platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liting Lyu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Haizhao Xue
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aabid Manzoor Shah
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zongbao Kent Zhao
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Akhtar N, Wani AK, Sharma NR, Sanami S, Kaleem S, Machfud M, Purbiati T, Sugiono S, Djumali D, Retnaning Prahardini PE, Purwati RD, Supriadi K, Rahayu F. Microbial exopolysaccharides: Unveiling the pharmacological aspects for therapeutic advancements. Carbohydr Res 2024; 539:109118. [PMID: 38643705 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have emerged as a fascinating area of research in the field of pharmacology due to their diverse and potent biological activities. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological properties exhibited by EPSs, shedding light on their potential applications in various therapeutic areas. The review begins by introducing EPSs, exploring their various sources, significance in microbial growth and survival, and their applications across different industries. Subsequently, a thorough examination of the pharmaceutical properties of microbial EPSs unveils their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antiviral, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Mechanistic insights into how different EPSs exert these therapeutic effects have also been discussed in this review. The review also provides comprehensive information about the monosaccharide composition, backbone, branches, glycosidic bonds, and molecular weight of pharmacologically active EPSs from various microbial sources. Furthermore, the factors that can affect the pharmacological activities of EPSs and approaches to improve the EPSs' pharmacological activity have also been discussed. In conclusion, this review illuminates the immense pharmaceutical promise of microbial EPS as versatile bioactive compounds with wide-ranging therapeutic applications. By elucidating their structural features, biological activities, and potential applications, this review aims to catalyze further research and development efforts in leveraging the pharmaceutical potential of microbial EPS for the advancement of human health and well-being, while also contributing to sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India.
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Samira Sanami
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaikh Kaleem
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Moch Machfud
- Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Titiek Purbiati
- Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Sugiono Sugiono
- Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Djumali Djumali
- Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | | | - Rully Dyah Purwati
- Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Khojin Supriadi
- Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
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Kot AM, Laszek P, Kieliszek M, Pobiega K, Błażejak S. Biotechnological potential of red yeast isolated from birch forests in Poland. Biotechnol Lett 2024:10.1007/s10529-024-03482-3. [PMID: 38687405 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to isolate red yeast from sap, bark and slime exudates collected from Polish birch forests and then assessment of their biotechnological potential. RESULTS 24 strains of red yeast were isolated from the bark, sap and spring slime fluxes of birch (Betula pendula). Strains belonging to Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (6), Rhodosporidiobolus colostri (4), Cystrofilobasidium capitaum (3), Phaffia rhodozyma (3) and Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum (3) were dominant. The highest efficiency of carotenoid biosynthesis (5.04 mg L-1) was obtained by R. mucilaginosa CMIFS 004, while lipids were most efficiently produced by two strains of P. rhodozyma (5.40 and 5.33 g L-1). The highest amount of exopolysaccharides (3.75 g L-1) was produced by the R. glutinis CMIFS 103. Eleven strains showed lipolytic activity, nine amylolytic activity, and only two proteolytic activity. The presence of biosurfactants was not found. The growth of most species of pathogenic moulds was best inhibited by Rhodotorula yeasts. CONCLUSION Silver birch is a good natural source for the isolation of new strains of red yeast with wide biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Kot
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paulina Laszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pobiega
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Xue D, Pei F, Liu H, Liu Z, Liu Y, Qin L, Xie Y, Wang C. Evaluation of antioxidation, regulation of glycolipid metabolism and potential as food additives of exopolysaccharide from Sporidiobolus pararoseus PFY-Z1. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1176-1186. [PMID: 36803064 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2177868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
At present, there are relatively few studies on the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by yeasts. Therefore, exploring the properties of EPS produced by yeast can not only enrich the source of EPS, but also play an important role in its future application in the food field. The aim of this study was to explore the biological activities of EPS (named SPZ) from Sporidiobolus pararoseus PFY-Z1, as well as the dynamic changes in physical and chemical properties that occur during simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and the effects of SPZ on microbial metabolites during fecal fermentation in vitro. The results revealed that SPZ had good water solubility index, water-holding capacity, emulsifying ability, coagulated skim milk, antioxidant properties, hypoglycemic activities, and bile acid-binding abilities. Furthermore, the content of reducing sugars increased from 1.20 ± 0.03 to 3.34 ± 0.11 mg/mL after gastrointestinal digestion, and had little effect on antioxidant activities. Moreover, SPZ could promote the production of short-chain fatty acids during fermentation for 48 h, in particular, propionic acid and n-butyric acid increased to 1.89 ± 0.08 and 0.82 ± 0.04 mmol/L, respectively. Besides this, SPZ could inhibit LPS production. In general, this study can help us to better understand the potential bioactivities, and the changes in bio-activities of compounds after digestion of SPZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xue
- Research Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Fangyi Pei
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Henan Liu
- Metrology Institute, Qiqihar Inspection and Testing Center, Qiqihar, China
| | - Zhenyan Liu
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yuchao Liu
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lei Qin
- Office of Academic Research, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yinzhuo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Changli Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University For Nationalities, Baise Guangxi, China
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Kang K, Deng X, Xie W, Chen J, Lin H, Chen Z. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ZTHY2 Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3376. [PMID: 37958131 PMCID: PMC10648412 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (R. mucilaginosa) can enhance the immune and antioxidant function of the body. However, whether R. mucilaginosa has an immunoregulatory effect on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed animals remains to be clarified. In this study, the R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 that we isolated from the coastal waters of the South China Sea previously was prepared in order to investigate its immunoprotective effect on CTX-induced immunosuppression in mice, and the effects were compared to those of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) (a well-known probiotic). Seventy-two male SPF mice were divided into six groups: The C group (control); IM group (immunosuppressive model group) (+CTX); Rl, Rm, and Rh groups (+CTX+low, medium, and high concentration of R. mucilaginosa, respectively); and PC (positive control) group (+CTX+LA). After a 28-day feeding trial, blood samples were taken for biochemical and serum immunological analysis, and the thymus and spleen were collected to analyze the organ index, lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, and antioxidant capacity. The findings showed that R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 improved the spleen and thymus indices, effectively attenuated immune organ atrophy caused by CTX, and enhanced the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes induced by ConA and LPS. R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 promoted the secretion of cytokines and immunoglobulins and significantly increased the contents of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgA, IgG, IgM, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD20 in serum. The proportion of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD20+ lymphocytes in spleen, thymus, and mesenteric lymph nodes were increased. In addition, R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased glutathione (GSH), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels. Our results indicated that R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 can significantly enhance the immune function of immunosuppressed mice, and improving antioxidant capacity thus attenuates CTX-induced immunosuppression and immune organ atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Weitian Xie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongying Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhibao Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (K.K.); (X.D.); (W.X.); (J.C.); (H.L.)
- South China Branch of National Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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6
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Peng B, Liu Y, Lin Y, Kraithong S, Mo L, Gao Z, Huang R, Zhang X. A New Exopolysaccharide of Marine Coral-Associated Aspergillus pseudoglaucus SCAU265: Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1057. [PMID: 37998863 PMCID: PMC10672155 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that many marine microbial polysaccharides exhibit distinct immune activity. However, there is a relative scarcity of research on the immunomodulatory activity of marine fungal exopolysaccharides. A novel water-soluble fungal exopolysaccharide ASP-1 was isolated from the fermentation broths of marine coral-associated fungus Aspergillus pseudoglaucus SCAU265, and purified by Diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose-52 (DEAE-52) Fast Flow and Sephadex G-75. Structural analysis revealed that ASP-1 had an average molecular weight of 36.07 kDa and was mainly composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-glucopyranosyl residues, along with highly branched heteropolysaccharide regions containing 1,4,6-glucopyranosyl, 1,3,4-glucopyranosyl, 1,4,6-galactopyranosyl, T(terminal)-glucopyranosyl, T-mannopyranosyl, and T-galactopyranosyl residues. ASP-1 demonstrated significant effects on the proliferation, nitric oxide levels, and the secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Metabolomic analysis provided insights into the potential mechanisms of the immune regulation of ASP-1, suggesting its involvement in regulating immune function by modulating amino acid anabolism, particularly arginine synthesis and metabolism. These findings provide fundamental scientific data for further research on its accurate molecular mechanism of immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China;
| | - Yongchun Liu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Supaluck Kraithong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Li Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ziqing Gao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.M.); (Z.G.)
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Jeewon R, Aullybux AA, Puchooa D, Nazurally N, Alrefaei AF, Zhang Y. Marine Microbial Polysaccharides: An Untapped Resource for Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:420. [PMID: 37504951 PMCID: PMC10381399 DOI: 10.3390/md21070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest habitat on Earth, the marine environment harbors various microorganisms of biotechnological potential. Indeed, microbial compounds, especially polysaccharides from marine species, have been attracting much attention for their applications within the medical, pharmaceutical, food, and other industries, with such interest largely stemming from the extensive structural and functional diversity displayed by these natural polymers. At the same time, the extreme conditions within the aquatic ecosystem (e.g., temperature, pH, salinity) may not only induce microorganisms to develop a unique metabolism but may also increase the likelihood of isolating novel polysaccharides with previously unreported characteristics. However, despite their potential, only a few microbial polysaccharides have actually reached the market, with even fewer being of marine origin. Through a synthesis of relevant literature, this review seeks to provide an overview of marine microbial polysaccharides, including their unique characteristics. In particular, their suitability for specific biotechnological applications and recent progress made will be highlighted before discussing the challenges that currently limit their study as well as their potential for wider applications. It is expected that this review will help to guide future research in the field of microbial polysaccharides, especially those of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aadil Ahmad Aullybux
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Daneshwar Puchooa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Nadeem Nazurally
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Ecology and Natural Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Zhang J, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Chen W, Lu W. Lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide: Formation, immunomodulatory ability, health effects, and structure-function relationship. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127432. [PMID: 37320895 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have implications for host health and act as food ingredients. Due to the variability of LAB-EPS (lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide) gene clusters, especially the glycosyltransferase genes that determine monosaccharide composition, the structure of EPS is very rich. EPSs are synthesized by LAB through the extracellular synthesis pathway and the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. LAB-EPS has a strong immunomodulatory ability. The EPSs produced by different genera of LAB, especially Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus, have different immunomodulatory abilities because of their specific structures. LAB-EPS possesses other health effects, including antitumor, antioxidant, intestinal barrier repair, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cholesterol-lowering activities. The bioactivities of LAB-EPS are tightly related to their structures such us monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, and molecular weight (MW). For the excellent physicochemical property, LAB-EPS acts as product improvers in dairy, bakery food, and meat in terms of stability, emulsification, thickening, and gelling. We systematically summarize the detailed process of EPS from synthesis to application, with emphasis on physiological mechanisms of EPS, and specific structure-function relationship, which provides theoretical support for the potential commercial value in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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9
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Wu K, Li Y, Lin Y, Xu B, Yang J, Mo L, Huang R, Zhang X. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide from marine-derived Aspergillus versicolor SCAU141. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:329-339. [PMID: 36535356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Until now, relatively little is known about marine-derived fungal polysaccharides and their activities. Exopolysaccharide AVP141-A was isolated from the broth of marine-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor SCAU141 and purified by Diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-100. The structural characteristics of AVP141-A was studied by chemical analysis together with high-performance gel permeation chromatography, ion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that AVP141-A with the molecular weight of 5.10 kDa was mainly composed of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, branched by α-D-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ at C-6 positions of the glucan backbone. In particular, sulfate ester (approximately 3.62 %) was found in AVP141-A, which was frequently considered to occur in marine-derived microbial polysaccharides rather than other microbial polysaccharides. Furthermore, AVP141-A significantly enhanced the activity of the inflammatory factors NO, COX-2 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 macrophages by activating the MAPK/p38 and NF-κB/p65 pathways. In addition, metabolomic analysis revealed that most of the pathways with significant changes in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with AVP141-A were amino acid-related pathways, and arginine was the characteristic metabolite. In conclusion, this study identified AVP141-A as a marine fungus-derived sulfated exopolysaccharide with potential for development as an immune activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University-United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Li Z, Li C, Cheng P, Yu G. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa-alternative sources of natural carotenoids, lipids, and enzymes for industrial use. Heliyon 2022. [PMID: 36419653 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotechnologically useful yeast strains have been receiving important attention worldwide for the demand of a wide range of industries. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is recognized as a biotechnologically important yeast that has gained great interest as a promising platform strain, owing to the diverse substrate appetites, robust stress resistance, and other gratifying features. Due to its attractive properties, R. mucilaginosa has been regarded as an excellent candidate for the biorefinery of carotenoids, lipids, enzymes, and other functional bioproducts by utilizing low-cost agricultural waste materials as substrates. These compounds have aroused great interest as the potential alternative sources of health-promoting food products, substrates for so-called third-generation biodiesel, and dyes or functional ingredients for cosmetics. Furthermore, the use of R. mucilaginosa has rapidly increased as a result of advancements in fermentation for enhanced production of these valuable bioactive compounds. This review focuses on R. mucilaginosa in these advancements and summarizes its potential prospects as alternative sources of natural bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Li
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Chunji Li
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
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Li Z, Li C, Cheng P, Yu G. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa—alternative sources of natural carotenoids, lipids, and enzymes for industrial use. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Molecular Identification and Biochemical Characterization of Novel Marine Yeast Strains with Potential Application in Industrial Biotechnology. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based agriculture is an emerging and attractive alternative to produce various food ingredients. In this study, five strains of marine yeast were isolated, molecularly identified and biochemically characterized. Molecular identification was realized by sequencing the DNA ITS1 and D1/D2 region, and sequences were registered in GenBank as Yarrowia lipolytica YlTun15, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa RmTun15, Candida tenuis CtTun15, Debaryomyces hansenii DhTun2015 and Trichosporon asahii TaTun15. Yeasts showed protein content varying from 26% (YlTun15) to 40% (CtTun15 and DhTun2015), and essential amino acids ranging from 38.1 to 64.4% of the total AAs (CtTun15-YlTun15, respectively). Lipid content varied from 11.15 to 37.57% with substantial amount of PUFA (>12% in RmTun15). All species had low levels of Na (<0.15 mg/100 g) but are a good source of Ca and K. Yeast cytotoxic effect was investigated against human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293); results showed improved cell viability with all added strains, indicating safety of the strains used. Based on thorough literature investigation and yeast composition, the five identified strains could be classified not only as oleaginous yeasts but also as single cell protein (SCP) (DhTun2015 and CtTun15) and single cell oil (SCO) (RmTun15, YlTun15 and TaTun15) producers; and therefore, they represent a source of alternative ingredients for food, feed and other sectors.
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Zeng S, Lu Y, Pan X, Ling X. A Novel Bioflocculant Produced by Cobetia marina MCCC1113: Optimization of Fermentation Conditions by Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of Flocculation Performance when Harvesting Microalgae. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:341-351. [PMID: 36185026 PMCID: PMC9608167 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A preliminary study was carried out to optimize the culture medium conditions for producing a novel microbial flocculant from the marine bacterial species Cobetia marina. The optimal glucose, yeast extract, and glutamate contents were 30, 10, and 2 g/l, respectively, while the optimal initial pH of the culture medium was determined to be 8. Following response surface optimization, the maximum bioflocculant production level of 1.36 g/l was achieved, which was 43.40% higher than the original culture medium. Within 5 min, a 20.0% (v/v) dosage of the yielded bioflocculant applied to algal cultures resulted in the highest flocculating efficiency of 93.9% with Spirulina platensis. The bioflocculant from C. marina MCCC1113 may have promising application potential for highly productive microalgae collection, according to the findings of this study. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy and Laboratory, Huizhou Health Sciences Polytechnic , Huizhou , China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Xueshan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Xueping Ling
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
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Li F, Hu X, Qin L, Li H, Yang Y, Zhang X, Lu J, Li Y, Bao M. Characterization and protective effect against ultraviolet radiation of a novel exopolysaccharide from Bacillus marcorestinctum QDR3-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1373-1383. [PMID: 36151616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Although exopolysaccharide (EPS) has been applied to various fields, EPS for UVR-mediated oxidative stress repair still needs further exploration. In this study, a novel EPS was isolated from the fermentation medium of Bacillus sp. QDR3-1 and its yield was 4.8 g/L (pH 8.0, 12 % glucose, 30 °C and 6 % NaCl). The pure fraction (named EPS-M1) was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column. EPS-M1 was a heteropolysaccharide composed of Man, Glc, Gal, and Fuc with a molecular weight of 33.8 kDa. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observed a rough surface and reticular structure of EPS-M1, and EPS-M1 formed spherical aggregates in aqueous solution observed in atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal analysis revealed that the degradation temperature of EPS-M1 was 306 °C. Moreover, methylation and NMR analysis determined that EPS-M1 was consisted of →3)-Manp-(1→, →2,6)-Manp-(1→, →4,6)-Glcp-(1→, →3)-Glcp-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→, →4)-Fucp-(1→, and T-Manp-(1→. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and the repair ability of UVR-mediated cell damage of EPS-M1 were studied with L929 cells. The results showed that EPS-M1 had good biocompatibility and it could mitigate UVR-mediated cell damage by regulating the levels of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Caspase-3/7 activity. Overall, the structure analysis and the protective effects of EPS against L929 cells exposed to UVR provided an experimental basis for EPS in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshu Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Liying Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haoshuai Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinren Lu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Torres-Alvarez D, León-Buitimea A, Albalate-Ramírez A, Rivas-García P, Hernández-Núñez E, Morones-Ramírez JR. Conversion of banana peel into diverse valuable metabolites using an autochthonous Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:96. [PMID: 35643468 PMCID: PMC9148461 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-cost substrates are an exciting alternative for bioprocesses; however, their complexity can affect microorganism metabolism with non-desirable outcomes. This work evaluated banana peel extract (BPE) as a growth medium compared to commercial Yeast-Malt (YM) broth in the native and non-conventional yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UANL-001L. The production of carotenoids, fatty acids, and exopolysaccharides (EPS) was also analyzed. Biomass concentration (3.9 g/L) and growth rate (0.069 g/h) of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UANL-001L were obtained at 200 g/L of BPE. Yields per gram of dry biomass for carotenoids (317 µg/g) and fatty acids (0.55 g/g) showed the best results in 150 g/L of BPE, while 298 µg/g and 0.46 mg/g, respectively, were obtained in the YM broth. The highest yield of EPS was observed in 50 g/L of BPE, a two-fold increase (160.1 mg/g) compared to the YM broth (76.3 mg/g). The fatty acid characterization showed that 100 g/L of BPE produced 400% more unsaturated compounds (e.g., oleic and ricinoleic acid) than the YM broth. Altogether, these results indicate that BPE is a suitable medium for producing high-value products with potential industrial applications.
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Hamidi M, Okoro OV, Milan PB, Khalili MR, Samadian H, Nie L, Shavandi A. Fungal exopolysaccharides: Properties, sources, modifications, and biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are biopolymers produced by many microorganisms, including some species of the genus Acetobacter, Bacillus, Fructobacillus, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Lactiplantibacillus, Pediococcus, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Saccharomycodes, Schizosaccharomyces, and Sphingomonas, which have been reported in the microbiota of traditional fermented beverages. Dextran, levan, glucan, gellan, and cellulose, among others, are EPS produced by these genera. Extracellular biopolymers are responsible for contributing to specific characteristics to fermented products, such as modifying their organoleptic properties or contributing to biological activities. However, EPS can be easily found in the dairy industry, where they affect rheological properties in products such as yogurt or cheese, among others. Over the years, LAB has been recognized as good starter strains in spontaneous fermentation, as they can contribute beneficial properties to the final product in conjunction with yeasts. To the best our knowledge, several articles have reported that the EPS produced by LAB and yeasts possess many both biological and technological properties that can be influenced by many factors in which fermentation occurs. Therefore, this review presents traditional Mexican fermented beverages (tavern, tuba, sotol, and aguamiel) and relates them to the microbial EPS, which affect biological and techno-functional activities.
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Physicochemical Characterization of an Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lipomyces sp. and Investigation of Rheological and Interfacial Behavior. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040156. [PMID: 34698141 PMCID: PMC8544488 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the rheological and interfacial behaviors of a novel microbial exopolysaccharide fermented by L. starkeyi (LSEP). The structure of LSEP was measured by LC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, and FT-IR. Results showed that the monosaccharide composition of LSEP was D-mannose (8.53%), D-glucose (79.25%), D-galactose (7.15%), and L-arabinose (5.07%); there existed the anomeric proton of α-configuration and the anomeric carbon of α- and β-configuration; there appeared the characteristic absorption peak of the phosphate ester bond. The molecular weight of LSEP was 401.8 kDa. The water holding capacity (WHC, 2.10 g/g) and oil holding capacity (OHC, 12.89 g/g) were also evaluated. The results of rheological properties showed that the aqueous solution of LSEP was a non-Newtonian fluid, exhibiting the shear-thinning characteristics. The adsorption of LSEP can reduce the interfacial tension (11.64 mN/m) well and form an elastic interface layer at the MCT–water interface. Such functional properties make LSEP a good candidate for use as thickener, gelling agent, and emulsifier to form long-term emulsions for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products.
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Wang Z, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Chu W. Prebiotic, Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Acidic Exopolysaccharide From Marine Rhodotorula RY1801. Front Nutr 2021; 8:710668. [PMID: 34497821 PMCID: PMC8419279 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.710668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an extracellular acidic polysaccharide (EAPS) from marine Rhodotorula sp. RY1801 was extracted, and its biological properties were investigated. EAPS is mainly composed of monosaccharides, including mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and fucose, had an average molecular weight of 5.902 × 107 Da. The results indicated that EAPS can promote the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. acidophilus plantarum. EAPS is capable of scavenging both superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. The highest scavenging rate of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals is 29 and 84%, respectively. Using in vivo model, we found that the EAPS can expand the lifespan and increase the disease resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection via the DAF-2/DAF-16 pathway. These results suggested that EAPS from marine Rhodotorula sp. RY1801 could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and can be used as an antioxidant and immunomodulator, which had considerable potential in the food and health industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Animal, Plant and Food Inspection Center of Nanjing Customs, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Production, characterization and bio-emulsifying application of exopolysaccharides from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YMM19. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:349. [PMID: 34221819 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are high molecular weight polymers having different sugar residues. EPS have potential applications in different fields, such as medicine, food and environment. Therefore, there is a growing interest in production, characterization and application of EPS from different microorganisms. The present study designed to investigate the production and characterization of EPS from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YMM19 isolated from Morus nigra L. fruits as well as to examine their potential emulsifying properties. Effect of NaCl concentration, incubation period and pH on the production of EPS was studied. The maximum EPS production by yeast was achieved at 10% NaCl (9741.84 mg/l). The best incubation time for production of EPS was 5 days. Production of EPS decreased under neutral condition and increased at acidic and alkaline condition. The structural feature of EPS was examined by FT-IR and NMR spectral analysis and confirmed the presence of glucose, glucopyranose and galactose. The isolated EPS showed higher emulsification capacity with emulsification activity of 71% and emulsifying index of 60%. The EPS gave strong emulsification for farnesol and was more effective than sodium dodecyl sulphate, a reference emulsifier, in enhancing the herbicidal activity of farnesol against Melilotus indicus under greenhouse condition. The results suggest that the EPS produced by YMM19 strain has a potential to be used as emulsifying agent in pesticide formulations.
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Byrtusová D, Szotkowski M, Kurowska K, Shapaval V, Márová I. Rhodotorula kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26-The Source of Multifunctional Metabolites. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1280. [PMID: 34208382 PMCID: PMC8231246 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional biomass is able to provide more than one valuable product, and thus, it is attractive in the field of microbial biotechnology due to its economic feasibility. Carotenogenic yeasts are effective microbial factories for the biosynthesis of a broad spectrum of biomolecules that can be used in the food and feed industry and the pharmaceutical industry, as well as a source of biofuels. In the study, we examined the effect of different nitrogen sources, carbon sources and CN ratios on the co-production of intracellular lipids, carotenoids, β-glucans and extracellular glycolipids. Yeast strain R. kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26 was identified as the best co-producer of lipids (66.7 ± 1.5% of DCW), exoglycolipids (2.42 ± 0.08 g/L), β-glucan (11.33 ± 1.34% of DCW) and carotenoids (1.35 ± 0.11 mg/g), with a biomass content of 15.2 ± 0.8 g/L, by using the synthetic medium with potassium nitrate and mannose as a carbon source. It was shown that an increased C/N ratio positively affected the biomass yield and production of lipids and β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Byrtusová
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (D.B.); (V.S.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Martin Szotkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Klára Kurowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (D.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Ivana Márová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.K.)
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