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Rather GA, Selvakumar P, Srinivas KS, Natarajan K, Kaushik A, Rajan P, Lee SR, Sing WL, Alkhamees M, Lian S, Holley M, Do Jung Y, Lakshmanan VK. Facile synthesis of elastin nanogels encapsulated decursin for castrated resistance prostate cancer therapy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15095. [PMID: 38956125 PMCID: PMC11219748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65999-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanogels offer hope for precise drug delivery, while addressing drug delivery hurdles is vital for effective prostate cancer (PCa) management. We developed an injectable elastin nanogels (ENG) for efficient drug delivery system to overcome castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by delivering Decursin, a small molecule inhibitor that blocks Wnt/βcatenin pathways for PCa. The ENG exhibited favourable characteristics such as biocompatibility, flexibility, and low toxicity. In this study, size, shape, surface charge, chemical composition, thermal stability, and other properties of ENG were used to confirm the successful synthesis and incorporation of Decursin (DEC) into elastin nanogels (ENG) for prostate cancer therapy. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained release of DEC from the ENG over 120 h, with a pH-dependent release pattern. DU145 cell line induces moderate cytotoxicity of DEC-ENG indicates that nanomedicine has an impact on cell viability and helps strike a balance between therapeutics efficacy and safety while the EPR effect enables targeted drug delivery to prostate tumor sites compared to free DEC. Morphological analysis further supported the effectiveness of DEC-ENG in inducing cell death. Overall, these findings highlight the promising role of ENG-encapsulated decursin as a targeted drug delivery system for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzar Ahmed Rather
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Preethi Selvakumar
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - K Satish Srinivas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - K Natarajan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA
| | - Prabhakar Rajan
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research, Barts Cancer Institute, UK City of London Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Korea
| | - Wong Ling Sing
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Alkhamees
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, 11952, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Merrel Holley
- International Hyperbaric Medical Foundation, The Tissue & Organ Regeneration Institute, Greater New Orleans, USA
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Hwasun, 58128, Korea.
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, 600116, India.
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Ali M, Mohd Noor SNF, Mohamad H, Ullah F, Javed F, Abdul Hamid ZA. Advances in guided bone regeneration membranes: a comprehensive review of materials and techniques. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2024; 10:032003. [PMID: 38224615 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ad1e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Guided tissue/bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) is a widely used technique in dentistry to facilitate the regeneration of damaged bone and tissue, which involves guiding materials that eventually degrade, allowing newly created tissue to take its place. This comprehensive review the evolution of biomaterials for guided bone regeneration that showcases a progressive shift from non-resorbable to highly biocompatible and bioactive materials, allowing for more effective and predictable bone regeneration. The evolution of biomaterials for guided bone regeneration GTR/GBR has marked a significant progression in regenerative dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Biomaterials used in GBR have evolved over time to enhance biocompatibility, bioactivity, and efficacy in promoting bone growth and integration. This review also probes into several promising fabrication techniques like electrospinning and latest 3D printing fabrication techniques, which have shown potential in enhancing tissue and bone regeneration processes. Further, the challenges and future direction of GTR/GBR are explored and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Noor Fazliah Mohd Noor
- Dental Stimulation and Virtual Learning, Research Excellence Consortium, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hasmaliza Mohamad
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Faheem Ullah
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biopolymer Research Centre (BRC), National University of Medical Sciences, 46000, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Butto Women University Peshawar, Charsadda Road Laramma, 25000, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Su W, Chang Z, E Y, Feng Y, Yao X, Wang M, Ju Y, Wang K, Jiang J, Li P, Lei F. Electrospinning and electrospun polysaccharide-based nanofiber membranes: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130335. [PMID: 38403215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The electrospinning technology has set off a tide and given rise to the attention of a widespread range of research territories, benefiting from the enhancement of nanofibers which made a spurt of progress. Nanofibers, continuously produced via electrospinning technology, have greater specific surface area and higher porosity and play a non-substitutable key role in many fields. Combined with the degradability and compatibility of the natural structure characteristics of polysaccharides, electrospun polysaccharide nanofiber membranes gradually infiltrate into the life field to help filter air contamination particles and water pollutants, treat wounds, keep food fresh, monitor electronic equipment, etc., thus improving the life quality. Compared with the evaluation of polysaccharide-based nanofiber membranes in a specific field, this paper comprehensively summarized the existing electrospinning technology and focused on the latest research progress about the application of polysaccharide-based nanofiber in different fields, represented by starch, chitosan, and cellulose. Finally, the benefits and defects of electrospun are discussed in brief, and the prospects for broadening the application of polysaccharide nanofiber membranes are presented for the glorious expectation dedicated to the progress of the eras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Su
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zeyu Chang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuyu E
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yawen Feng
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi Yao
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Meng Wang
- China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yunshan Ju
- Lanzhou Biotechnique Development Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Kun Wang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- GuangXi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Fuhou Lei
- GuangXi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
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Syed MH, Khan MMR, Zahari MAKM, Beg MDH, Abdullah N. Current issues and potential solutions for the electrospinning of major polysaccharides and proteins: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126735. [PMID: 37690643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers, especially polysaccharides and proteins, are the promising green replacement for petroleum based polymers. Due to their innate properties, they are effectively used in biomedical applications, especially tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. The fibrous morphology of biopolymers is essentially required for the effectiveness in these biomedical applications. Electrospinning (ES) is the most advanced and robust method to fabricate nanofibers (NFs) and provides a complete solution to the conventional methods issues. However, the major issues regarding fabricating polysaccharides and protein nanofibers using ES include poor electrospinnability, lack of desired fundamental properties for a specific application by a single biopolymer, and insolubility among common solvents. The current review provides the main strategies for effective electrospinning of the major biopolymers. The key strategies include blending major biopolymers with suitable biopolymers and optimizing the solvent system. A systematic literature review was done to provide the optimized solvent system of the major biopolymers along with their best possible biopolymeric blend for ES. The review also highlights the fundamental issues with the commercialization of ES based biomedical products and provides future directions to improve the fabrication of biopolymeric nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Haider Syed
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Md Maksudur Rahman Khan
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Mior Ahmad Khushairi Mohd Zahari
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Norhayati Abdullah
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Guerle-Cavero R, Balfagón-Costa A. Study of Elastin, Hydrolyzed Collagen and Collagen-like Products in a Tri-Layered Chitosan Membrane to Test Anti-Aging Skin Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11016. [PMID: 37446192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of animal testing in the cosmetic industry is already prohibited in more than 40 countries, including those of the EU. The pressure for it to be banned worldwide in the future is increasing, so the need for animal alternatives is of great interest today. In addition, using animals and humans in scientific research is ethically reprehensible. This study aimed to prove some of the anti-aging properties of elastin (EL), hydrolyzed collagen (HC), and two vegan collagen-like products (Veg Col) in a tri-layered chitosan membrane that was ionically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). In the first approach, as a way of representing different layers of a biological system, such as the epidermis and the two dermis sublayers, EL, HC, or Veg Col were independently introduced into the two inner layers (2L(i+b)). Their effects were compared with those of their introduction into three layers (3L). Different experiments were performed on the membrane to test its elasticity, hydration, moisture retention, and pore reduction at different concentrations of EL, HC, and Veg Col, and the results were normalized vs. a blank membrane. This new alternative to animal or human testing can be suitable for proving certain efficacy claims for active ingredients or products in the pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guerle-Cavero
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Group, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Balfagón-Costa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Group, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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McLoughlin S, McKenna AR, Fisher JP. Fabrication Strategies for Engineered Thin Membranous Tissues. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37314953 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thin membranous tissues (TMTs) are anatomical structures consisting of multiple stratified cell layers, each less than 100 μm in thickness. While these tissues are small in scale, they play critical roles in normal tissue function and healing. Examples of TMTs include the tympanic membrane, cornea, periosteum, and epidermis. Damage to these structures can be caused by trauma or congenital disabilities, resulting in hearing loss, blindness, dysfunctional bone development, and impaired wound repair, respectively. While autologous and allogeneic tissue sources for these membranes exist, they are significantly limited by availability and patient complications. Tissue engineering has therefore become a popular strategy for TMT replacement. However, due to their complex microscale architecture, TMTs are often difficult to replicate in a biomimetic manner. The critical challenge in TMT fabrication is balancing fine resolution with the ability to mimic complex target tissue anatomy. This Review reports existing TMT fabrication strategies, their resolution and material capabilities, cell and tissue response, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon McLoughlin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Abigail Ruth McKenna
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Kamaruzaman N, Fauzi MB, Tabata Y, Yusop SM. Functionalised Hybrid Collagen-Elastin for Acellular Cutaneous Substitute Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081929. [PMID: 37112076 PMCID: PMC10143773 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound contracture, which commonly happens after wound healing, may lead to physical distortion, including skin constriction. Therefore, the combination of collagen and elastin as the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) skin matrices may provide the best candidate biomaterials for cutaneous wound injury. This study aimed to develop a hybrid scaffold containing green natural resources (ovine tendon collagen type-I and poultry-based elastin) for skin tissue engineering. Briefly, freeze-drying was used to create the hybrid scaffolds, which were then crosslinked with 0.1% (w/v) genipin (GNP). Next, the physical characteristics (pore size, porosity, swelling ratio, biodegradability and mechanical strength) of the microstructure were assessed. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry were used for the chemical analysis. The findings showed a uniform and interconnected porous structure with acceptable porosity (>60%) and high-water uptake capacity (>1200%), with pore sizes ranging between 127 ± 22 and 245 ± 35 µm. The biodegradation rate of the fabricated scaffold containing 5% elastin was lower (<0.043 mg/h) compared to the control scaffold (collagen only; 0.085 mg/h). Further analysis with EDX identified the main elements of the scaffold: it contained carbon (C) 59.06 ± 1.36-70.66 ± 2.89%, nitrogen (N) 6.02 ± 0.20-7.09 ± 0.69% and oxygen (O) 23.79 ± 0.65-32.93 ± 0.98%. FTIR analysis revealed that collagen and elastin remained in the scaffold and exhibited similar functional amides (amide A: 3316 cm-1, amide B: 2932 cm-1, amide I: 1649 cm-1, amide II: 1549 cm-1 and amide III: 1233 cm-1). The combination of elastin and collagen also produced a positive effect via increased Young's modulus values. No toxic effect was identified, and the hybrid scaffolds significantly supported human skin cell attachment and viability. In conclusion, the fabricated hybrid scaffolds demonstrated optimum physicochemical and mechanical properties and may potentially be used as an acellular skin substitute in wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurkhuzaiah Kamaruzaman
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences (LiMe), Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Salma Mohamad Yusop
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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The Fabrication of Gelatin-Elastin-Nanocellulose Composite Bioscaffold as a Potential Acellular Skin Substitute. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030779. [PMID: 36772084 PMCID: PMC9920652 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin usage in scaffold fabrication is limited due to its lack of enzymatic and thermal resistance, as well as its mechanical weakness. Hence, gelatin requires crosslinking and reinforcement with other materials. This study aimed to fabricate and characterise composite scaffolds composed of gelatin, elastin, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and crosslinked with genipin. The scaffolds were fabricated using the freeze-drying method. The composite scaffolds were composed of different concentrations of CNC, whereas scaffolds made of pure gelatin and a gelatin-elastin mixture served as controls. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds, and their cellular biocompatibility with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), were evaluated. The composite scaffolds demonstrated higher porosity and swelling capacity and improved enzymatic resistance compared to the controls. Although the group with 0.5% (w/v) CNC recorded the highest pore size homogeneity, the diameters of most of the pores in the composite scaffolds ranged from 100 to 200 μm, which is sufficient for cell migration. Tensile strength analysis revealed that increasing the CNC concentration reduced the scaffolds' stiffness. Chemical analyses revealed that despite chemical and structural alterations, both elastin and CNC were integrated into the gelatin scaffold. HDF cultured on the scaffolds expressed collagen type I and α-SMA proteins, indicating the scaffolds' biocompatibility with HDF. Overall, the addition of elastin and CNC improved the properties of gelatin-based scaffolds. The composite scaffolds are promising candidates for an acellular skin substitute.
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Amin NAAM, Mokhter MA, Salamun N, Mohamad MFB, Mahmood WMAW. ANTI-FOULING ELECTROSPUN ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NANOFIBER MEMBRANES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Selvaras T, Alshamrani SA, Gopal R, Jaganathan SK, Sivalingam S, Kadiman S, Saidin S. Biodegradable and antithrombogenic chitosan/elastin blended polyurethane electrospun membrane for vascular tissue integration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1171-1181. [PMID: 36625453 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Current commercialized vascular membranes to treat coronary heart disease (CHD) such as Dacron and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) have been associated with biodegradable and thrombogenic issues that limit tissue integration. In this study, biodegradable vascular membranes were fabricated in a structure of electrospun nanofibers composed of polyurethane (PU), chitosan (CS) and elastin (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%). The physicochemical properties of the membranes were analyzed, followed by the conduction of several test analyses. The blending of CS and elastin has increased the fiber diameter, pore size and porosity percentage with the appearance of identical chemical groups. The wettability of PU membranes was enhanced up to 39.6%, demonstrating higher degradation following the incorporation of both natural polymers. The PU/CS/elastin electrospun membranes exhibited a controlled release of CS (Higuchi and first-order mechanisms) and elastin (Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas mechanisms). Delayed blood clotting time was observed through both activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and partial thromboplastin time (PT) analyses where significantly delay of 26.8% APTT was recorded on the PU membranes blended with CS and elastin, in comparison with the PU membranes, supporting the membrane's antithrombogenic properties. Besides, these membranes produced a minimum of 2.6 ± 0.1 low hemolytic percentage, projecting its hemocompatibility to be used as vascular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiviya Selvaras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Somyah Ali Alshamrani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Rathosivan Gopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Sivakumar Sivalingam
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suhaini Kadiman
- Department of Clinical Research, Institut Jantung Negara, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syafiqah Saidin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.,IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centered Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Evaluation of Magnesium-Phosphate Particle Incorporation into Co-Electrospun Chitosan-Elastin Membranes for Skin Wound Healing. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100615. [PMID: 36286439 PMCID: PMC9604583 DOI: 10.3390/md20100615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Major challenges facing clinicians treating burn wounds are the lack of integration of treatment to wound, inadequate mechanical properties of treatments, and high infection rates which ultimately lead to poor wound resolution. Electrospun chitosan membranes (ESCM) are gaining popularity for use in tissue engineering applications due to their drug loading ability, biocompatibility, biomimetic fibrous structure, and antimicrobial characteristics. This work aims to modify ESCMs for improved performance in burn wound applications by incorporating elastin and magnesium-phosphate particles (MgP) to improve mechanical and bioactive properties. The following ESCMs were made to evaluate the individual components’ effects; (C: chitosan, CE: chitosan-elastin, CMg: chitosan-MgP, and CEMg: chitosan-elastin-MgP). Membrane properties analyzed were fiber size and structure, hydrophilic properties, elastin incorporation, MgP incorporation and in vitro release, mechanical properties, degradation profiles, and in vitro cytocompatibility with NIH3T3 fibroblasts. The addition of both elastin and MgP increased the average fiber diameter of CE (~400 nm), CMg (~360 nm), and CEMg (565 nm) compared to C (255 nm). Water contact angle analysis showed elastin incorporated membranes (CE and CEMg) had increased hydrophilicity (~50°) compared to the other groups (C and CMg, ~110°). The results from the degradation study showed mass retention of ~50% for C and CMg groups, compared to ~ 30% seen in CE and CEMg after 4 weeks in a lysozyme/PBS solution. CMg and CEMg exhibited burst-release behavior of ~6 µg/ml or 0.25 mM magnesium within 72 h. In vitro analysis with NIH3T3 fibroblasts showed CE and CEMg groups had superior cytocompatibility compared to C and CMg. This work has demonstrated the successful incorporation of elastin and MgP into ESCMs and allows for future studies on burn wound applications.
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Galstyan A, Strokov K. Influence of photosensitizer concentration and polymer composition on photoinduced antimicrobial activity of PVA- and PVA-chitosan-based electrospun nanomaterials cross-linked with tailor-made silicon(IV) phthalocyanine. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1387-1398. [PMID: 35513693 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing effort to eradicate pathogenic bacteria and viruses is a major endeavor that requires development of new and innovative materials. Materials based on photodynamic action represent an emerging and attractive area of research, and therefore, a broad understanding of chemical design principles is required. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial and antiviral activities of five different nanofibrous membranes composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) or poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan mixture cross-linked through silicon(IV)phthalocyanine derivative with the aim to identify the role of the carrier polymer and photosensitizers concentration on its efficacy. A straightforward cross-linking process was adopted to create a water-stable material with an almost uniform distribution of the fiber structure, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the antimicrobial studies showed that the increase in the amount of chitosan in the polymer mixture, rather than the increase in the photosensitizer concentration, enhanced the activity of the material. Due to their visible light-triggered antimicrobial activity, the resulting materials provide valuable opportunities for both topical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and the area of environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhela Galstyan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Kamaruzaman N, Fauzi MB, Yusop SM. Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation of Broiler Skin Elastin for Potential Functional Biomaterial in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050963. [PMID: 35267786 PMCID: PMC8912370 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Broiler skin, a by-product of poultry processing, has been proven to contain essential elastin, a high-value protein with many applications. The present study reported the extraction of water-soluble elastin from broiler skin by using sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and oxalic acid treatment before freeze-drying. Chemical characterization such as protein and fat content, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, amino acid composition and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed and compared with commercial elastin from bovine neck ligament. The resultant elastin’s toxicity was analyzed using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium assay and primary skin irritation test. Results showed a high quality of the extracted-elastin with the presence of a high amount of proline (6.55 ± 0.40%) and glycine (9.65 ± 0.44%), low amount of hydroxyproline (0.80 ± 0.32%), methionine (2.04 ± 0.05%), and histidine (1.81 ± 0.05%) together with calculated 0.56 isoleucine/leucine ratio. FTIR analysis showed the presence of typical peaks of amide A, B, I, and II for protein with high denaturation temperature around 322.9 °C. The non-toxic effect of the extracted elastin was observed at a concentration lower than 0.5 mg/mL. Therefore, water-soluble elastin powder extracted from broiler skin can be an alternative source of elastin as a biomaterial for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurkhuzaiah Kamaruzaman
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Salma Mohamad Yusop
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-13-288-0895
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Advances in Modification Methods Based on Biodegradable Membranes in Guided Bone/Tissue Regeneration: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050871. [PMID: 35267700 PMCID: PMC8912280 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Guided tissue/bone regeneration (GTR/GBR) is commonly applied in dentistry to aid in the regeneration of bone/tissue at a defective location, where the assistive material eventually degrades to be substituted with newly produced tissue. Membranes separate the rapidly propagating soft tissue from the slow-growing bone tissue for optimal tissue regeneration results. A broad membrane exposure area, biocompatibility, hardness, ductility, cell occlusion, membrane void ratio, tissue integration, and clinical manageability are essential functional properties of a GTR/GBR membrane, although no single modern membrane conforms to all of the necessary characteristics. This review considers ongoing bone/tissue regeneration engineering research and the GTR/GBR materials described in this review fulfill all of the basic ISO requirements for human use, as determined through risk analysis and rigorous testing. Novel modified materials are in the early stages of development and could be classified as synthetic polymer membranes, biological extraction synthetic polymer membranes, or metal membranes. Cell attachment, proliferation, and subsequent tissue development are influenced by the physical features of GTR/GBR membrane materials, including pore size, porosity, and mechanical strength. According to the latest advances, key attributes of nanofillers introduced into a polymer matrix include suitable surface area, better mechanical capacity, and stability, which enhances cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Therefore, it is essential to construct a bionic membrane that satisfies the requirements for the mechanical barrier, the degradation rate, osteogenesis, and clinical operability.
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Sun R, Chen Y, Yang Q, Zhang W, Guo L, Feng M. Polysaccharide hydrogels regulate macrophage polarization and enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of melanoma. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121390. [PMID: 34923050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy occupies a prominent position in combination treatments of melanoma. However, the severe systemic side effects and the pro-tumorigenic microenvironment limited its therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, polysaccharide hydrogels (SCOD) were constructed by N-succinyl chitosan and oxidized dextran through Schiff-base formation to deliver doxorubicin (Dox) locally. The gelation time and mechanical properties of SCOD hydrogels could be fine-tuned by varying concentration of precursor solutions. Rheological data revealed that SCOD hydrogels possessed injectable shear-shinning property and remarkable self-healing capability. It also could be degraded by lysozyme widely present in body fluids. Moreover, SCOD hydrogels were readily loaded with Dox in precursor solutions and released drug over 1 week in a pH-dependent manner. The ability of Dox-loaded SCOD hydrogels to inhibit the growth of murine B16 and human A375 melanoma was verified by in vitro assays. Strikingly, Dox-loaded SCOD hydrogels were found to efficiently induce polarization of tumor-associated macrophages towards M1 phenotype that favors an anti-tumorigenic tumor microenvironment. Notably, in vivo experiments demonstrated that locally injected Dox-loaded SCOD hydrogels exhibited excellent anti-tumor activity against B16 melanoma, outperforming Dox at equivalent doses administrated intravenously. Therefore, the injectable and self-healing polysaccharide hydrogels are a promising strategy to improve locoregional control in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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