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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Popov RS, Chingizova EA, Menchinskaya ES, Zelepuga EA, Tabakmakher KM, Stepanov VG, Kalinin VI. The Composition of Triterpene Glycosides in the Sea Cucumber Psolus peronii: Anticancer Activity of the Glycosides against Three Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR). Mar Drugs 2024; 22:292. [PMID: 39057402 PMCID: PMC11278233 DOI: 10.3390/md22070292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Eight sulfated triterpene glycosides, peronioside A (1) and psolusosides A (2), B (3), G (4), I (5), L (6), N (7) and P (8), were isolated from the sea cucumber Psolus peronii. Peronioside A (1) is a new glycoside, while compounds 2-8 were found previously in Psolus fabricii, indicating the phylogenetic and systematic closeness of these species of sea cucumbers. The activity of 1-8 against human erythrocytes and their cytotoxicity against the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, T-47D and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 were tested. The most active against cancer cell compounds, psolusosides A (2) and L (6), which were not cytotoxic to the non-transformed cells of the mammary gland, were chosen to study the inhibition of the migration, formation and growth of colonies of the cancer cell lines. Glycoside 2 effectively inhibited the growth of colonies and the migration of the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Compound 6 blocked the growth of colonies of T-47D cells and showed a pronounced antimigration effect on MDA-MB-231 cells. The quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) indicated the strong impact on the activity of the form and size of the molecules, which is connected to the length and architecture of the carbohydrate chain, the distribution of charge on the molecules' surface and various aspects of hydrogen bond formation, depending on the quantity and positions of the sulfate groups. The QSAR calculations were in good accordance with the observed SAR tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sergeevna Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Anatoly Ivanovich Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Sergey Anatolievich Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Roman Sergeevich Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Ekaterina Alexandrovna Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Ekaterina Sergeevna Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Elena Alexandrovna Zelepuga
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Kseniya Mikhailovna Tabakmakher
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Vadim Georgievich Stepanov
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Ivanovich Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (K.M.T.)
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2021-2022. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38925550 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates is a well-established technique and this review is the 12th update of the original article published in 1999 and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2022. As with previous review, this review also includes a few papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review follows the same format as previous reviews. It is divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of computer software for structural identification. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other general areas such as medicine, industrial processes, natural products and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis, particularly in its ability to produce single ions from each analyte and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Bonato Wille AP, Pereira da Motta K, Pinto Brites N, Luchese C, Frederico Schumacher R, Antunes Wilhelm E. Synthesis and investigation of new indole-containing vinyl sulfide derivatives: In silico and in vitro studies for potential therapeutic applications. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301460. [PMID: 38117615 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Indoles featuring organosulfur compounds serve as privileged structural scaffolds in various biologically active compounds. This study investigates the biological properties of five synthetic sulphenyl vinyl indoles (3 a-e) using both in silico and in vitro methods. Computational analyses employing Swiss ADME and Molinspiration software reveal the remarkable inhibitory activity of compound 3 d against proteases and kinases (scores of 0.18 and 0.06, respectively). Furthermore, it demonstrates the ability to modulate ionic and G protein-coupled receptors (scores: -0.06 and 0.31, respectively) and serves as a ligand for nuclear receptors (score 0.15). In vitro investigations highlight the compounds' efficacy in countering ABTS+ radical attacks and reducing lipid peroxidation levels. Particularly noteworthy is the superior efficacy of compounds 3 a, 3 b, and 3 e in DPPH (EC50 3 a: 268.5 μM) and TEAC assays (EC50 3 a: 49.9 μM; EC50 3 b: 133.4 μM, and EC50 3 e: 84.9 μM), as well as TBARS levels. Compound 3 c significantly reduces acetylcholinesterase activity, positioning itself as a noteworthy enzyme inhibitor. This study emphasizes the versatile biological potential of synthetic indole derivatives, suggesting their applicability for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Bonato Wille
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil CEP, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Ketlyn Pereira da Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil CEP, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Pinto Brites
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria Brazil, CEP, 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil CEP, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Research Laboratory in Biochemical Pharmacology (LaFarBio), Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil CEP, 96010-900, RS, Brazil
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Popov RS, Chingizova EA, Menchinskaya ES, Zelepuga EA, Panina EG, Stepanov VG, Kalinin VI, Dmitrenok PS. Sulfated Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi: Djakonoviosides C 1, D 1, E 1, and F 1; Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:602. [PMID: 38132923 PMCID: PMC10744391 DOI: 10.3390/md21120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new mono- and trisulfated triterpene penta- and tetraosides, djakonoviosides C1 (1), D1 (2), E1 (3), and F1 (4) were isolated from the Far Eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida), along with six known glycosides found earlier in other Cucumaria species. The structures of unreported compounds were established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as by HR-ESI-MS data. The set of compounds contains six different types of carbohydrate chains including two new ones. Thus, djakonovioside C1 (1) is characterized by xylose as the second residue, that was a branchpoint in the pentasaccharide chain. Meanwhile, only quinovose and rarely glucose have been found earlier in pentasaccharide chains branched at C-2 of the second sugar unit. Djakonovioside E1 (3) is characterized by a tetrasaccharide trisulfated chain, with glucose as the second residue. So, in the series of isolated glycosides, three types of sugars in the second position were presented: the most common, quinovose-in six compounds; glucose-in three substances; and the rare xylose-in one glycoside. The set of aglycones was composed of holostane- and non-holostane-type polycyclic systems; the latter comprised normal and reduced side chains. Noticeably, isokoreoside A (9), isolated from C. djakonovi, was a single glycoside having a 9(11)-double bond, indicating two oxidosqualenecyclases are operating in the process of the biosynthesis of aglycones. Some of the glycosides from C. djakonovi, which were characterized by pentasaccharide branched chains containing one to three sulfate groups, are chemotaxonomic features of the representatives of the genus Cucumaria. The assortment of sugar parts of Cucumaria's glycosides was broadened with previously undescribed penta- and tetrasaccharide moieties. The metabolic network of sugar parts and aglycones is constructed based on biogenetic relationships. The cytotoxic action of compounds 1-10, isolated from C. djakonovi, against human breast cancer cell lines was investigated along with the hemolytic activity. Erythrocytes were, as usual, more sensitive to the membranolytic action of the glycosides than cancer cells. The triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line was more vulnerable to the action of glycosides in comparison with the other tested cancer cells, while the MCF-7 cell line was less susceptible to cytotoxic action. Djakonovioside E1 (3) demonstrated selective action against ER-positive MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell lines, while the toxic effect in relation to normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A) was absent. Cucumarioside A2-5 (6) inhibited the formation and growth of colonies of cancer cells to 44% and tumor cell migration to 85% of the control. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) were calculated on the basis of the correlational analysis of the physicochemical properties and structural features of the glycosidic molecules and their membranolytic activity. QSAR revealed the extremely complex nature of such relationships, but these calculations correlated well with the observed SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S. Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Anatoly I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Sergey A. Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Roman S. Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Elena A. Zelepuga
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Elena G. Panina
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; (E.G.P.); (V.G.S.)
| | - Vadim G. Stepanov
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; (E.G.P.); (V.G.S.)
| | - Vladimir I. Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.); (E.S.M.); (E.A.Z.); (V.I.K.)
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Tupitsyna AV, Grigorieva AE, Soboleva SE, Maltseva NA, Sedykh SE, Poletaeva J, Dmitrenok PS, Ryabchikova EI, Nevinsky GA. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles of Holothuria (Sea Cucumber Eupentacta fraudatrix). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12907. [PMID: 37629088 PMCID: PMC10454321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), carriers of molecular signals, are considered a critical link in maintaining homeostasis in mammals. Currently, there is growing interest in studying the role of EVs, including exosomes (subpopulation of EVs), in animals of other evolutionary levels, including marine invertebrates. We have studied the possibility of obtaining appropriate preparations of EVs from whole-body extract of holothuria Eupentacta fraudatrix using a standard combination of centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. However, the preparations were heavily polluted, which did not allow us to conclude that they contained vesicles. Subsequent purification by FLX gel filtration significantly reduced the pollution but did not increase vesicle concentration to a necessary level. To detect EVs presence in the body of holothurians, we used transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections. Late endosomes, producing the exosomes, were found in the cells of the coelom epithelium covering the gonad, digestive tube and respiratory tree, as well as in the parenchyma cells of these organs. The study of purified homogenates of these organs revealed vesicles (30-100 nm) morphologically corresponding to exosomes. Thus, we can say for sure that holothurian cells produce EVs including exosomes, which can be isolated from homogenates of visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alina E. Grigorieva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana E. Soboleva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A. Maltseva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Poletaeva
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 100 let Vladivostoku Ave., 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Elena I. Ryabchikova
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentiev Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Menchinskaya ES, Panina EG, Stepanov VG, Kalinin VI, Stonik VA. Djakonoviosides A, A 1, A 2, B 1-B 4 - Triterpene Monosulfated Tetra- and Pentaosides from the Sea Cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi: The First Finding of a Hemiketal Fragment in the Aglycones; Activity against Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11128. [PMID: 37446305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven new monosulfated triterpene glycosides, djakonoviosides A (1), A1 (2), A2 (3), and B1-B4 (4-7), along with three known glycosides found earlier in the other Cucumaria species, namely okhotoside A1-1, cucumarioside A0-1, and frondoside D, have been isolated from the far eastern sea cucumber Cucumaria djakonovi (Cucumariidae, Dendrochirotida). The structures were established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and confirmed by HR-ESI-MS data. The compounds of groups A and B differ from each other in their carbohydrate chains, namely monosulfated tetrasaccharide chains are inherent to group A and pentasaccharide chains with one sulfate group, branched by C-2 Qui2, are characteristic of group B. The aglycones of djakonoviosides A2 (3), B2 (5), and B4 (7) are characterized by a unique structural feature, a 23,16-hemiketal fragment found first in the sea cucumbers' glycosides. The biosynthetic pathway of its formation is discussed. The set of aglycones of C. djakonovi glycosides was species specific because of the presence of new aglycones. At the same time, the finding in C. djakonovi of the known glycosides isolated earlier from the other species of Cucumaria, as well as the set of carbohydrate chains characteristic of the glycosides of all investigated representatives of the genus Cucumaria, demonstrated the significance of these glycosides as chemotaxonomic markers. The membranolytic actions of compounds 1-7 and known glycosides okhotoside A1-1, cucumarioside A0-1, and frondoside D, isolated from C. djakonovi against human cell lines, including erythrocytes and breast cancer cells (MCF-7, T-47D, and triple negative MDA-MB-231), as well as leukemia HL-60 and the embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line, have been studied. Okhotoside A1-1 was the most active compound from the series because of the presence of a tetrasaccharide linear chain and holostane aglycone with a 7(8)-double bond and 16β-O-acetoxy group, cucumarioside A0-1, having the same aglycone, was slightly less active because of the presence of branching xylose residue at C-2 Qui2. Generally, the activity of the djakonoviosides of group A was higher than that of the djakonoviosides of group B containing the same aglycones, indicating the significance of a linear chain containing four monosaccharide residues for the demonstration of membranolytic action by the glycosides. All the compounds containing hemiketal fragments, djakonovioside A2 (3), B2 (5), and B4 (7), were almost inactive. The most aggressive triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was the most sensitive to the glycosides action when compared with the other cancer cells. Okhotoside A1-1 and cucumarioside A0-1 demonstrated promising effects against MDA-MB-231 cells, significantly inhibiting the migration, as well as the formation and growth, of colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Silchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anatoly I Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Sergey A Avilov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Roman S Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Chingizova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Menchinskaya
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Elena G Panina
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | - Vadim G Stepanov
- Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Partizanskaya st. 6, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Abstract
Covering: January to December 2021This review covers the literature published in 2021 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 736 citations (724 for the period January to December 2021) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1425 in 416 papers for 2021), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. An analysis of the number of authors, their affiliations, domestic and international collection locations, focus of MNP studies, citation metrics and journal choices is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. .,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Enivironment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, and School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Popov RS, Dmitrenok PS, Chingizova EA, Grebnev BB, Rasin AB, Kalinin VI. Chilensosides E, F, and G-New Tetrasulfated Triterpene Glycosides from the Sea Cucumber Paracaudina chilensis (Caudinidae, Molpadida): Structures, Activity, and Biogenesis. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020114. [PMID: 36827155 PMCID: PMC9964569 DOI: 10.3390/md21020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new tetrasulfated triterpene glycosides, chilensosides E (1), F (2), and G (3), have been isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Paracaudina chilensis (Caudinidae, Molpadida). The structures were established based on extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and confirmed by HR-ESI-MS data. The compounds differ in their carbohydrate chains, namely in the number of monosaccharide residues (five or six) and in the positions of sulfate groups. Chilensosides E (1) and F (2) are tetrasulfated pentaosides with the position of one of the sulfate groups at C-3 Glc3, and chilensoside G (3) is a tetrasulfated hexaoside. The biogenetic analysis of the glycosides of P. chilensis has revealed that the structures form a network due to the attachment of sulfate groups to almost all possible positions. The upper semi-chain is sulfated earlier in the biosynthetic process than the lower one. Noticeably, the presence of a sulfate group at C-3 Glc3-a terminal monosaccharide residue in the bottom semi-chain of compounds 1 and 2-excludes the possibility of this sugar chain's further elongation. Presumably, the processes of glycosylation and sulfation are concurrent biosynthetic stages. They can be shifted in time in relation to each other, which is a characteristic feature of the mosaic type of biosynthesis. The hemolytic action of compounds 1-3 against human erythrocytes and cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines were tested. The compounds showed moderate hemolytic activity but were inactive against cancer cells, probably because of their structural peculiarities, such as the combination of positions of four sulfate groups.
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Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Andrijaschenko PV, Popov RS, Chingizova EA, Grebnev BB, Rasin AB, Kalinin VI. The Isolation, Structure Elucidation and Bioactivity Study of Chilensosides A, A1, B, C, and D, Holostane Triterpene Di-, Tri- and Tetrasulfated Pentaosides from the Sea Cucumber Paracaudina chilensis (Caudinidae, Molpadida). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217655. [PMID: 36364484 PMCID: PMC9658831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Five new triterpene (4,4,14-trimethylsterol) di-, tri- and tetrasulfated pentaosides, chilensosides A (1), A1 (2), B (3), C (4), and D (5) were isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Paracaudina chilensis. The structures were established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra and confirmed by HR-ESI-MS data. The structural variability of the glycosides concerned the pentasaccharide chains. Their architecture was characterized by the upper semi-chain consisting of three sugar units and the bottom semi-chain of two sugars. Carbohydrate chains of compounds 2–5 differed in the quantity and positions of sulfate groups. The interesting structural features of the glycosides were: the presence of two sulfate groups at C-4 and C-6 of the same glucose residue in the upper semi-chain of 1, 2, 4, and 5 and the sulfation at C-3 of terminal glucose residue in the bottom semi-chain of 4 that makes its further elongation impossible. Chilensoside D (5) was the sixth tetrasulfated glycoside found in sea cucumbers. The architecture of the sugar chains of chilensosides A–D (1–5), the positions of sulfation, the quantity of sulfate groups, as well as the aglycone structures, demonstrate their similarity to the glycosides of the representatives of the order Dendrochirotida, confirming the phylogenetic closeness of the orders Molpadida and Dendrochirotida. The cytotoxic activities of the compounds 1–5 against human erythrocytes and some cancer cell lines are presented. Disulfated chilensosides A1 (2) and B (3) and trisulfated chilensoside C (4) showed significant cytotoxic activity against human cancer cells.
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Echinoderms Metabolites: Structure, Functions and Biomedical Perspectives II. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080492. [PMID: 36005494 PMCID: PMC9410315 DOI: 10.3390/md20080492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinoderms belong to the phylum Echinodermata (from the Ancient Greek words “echinos” (hedgehog) and “derma” (skin)) [...]
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Silchenko AS, Avilov SA, Andrijaschenko PV, Popov RS, Chingizova EA, Dmitrenok PS, Kalinovsky AI, Rasin AB, Kalinin VI. Structures and Biologic Activity of Chitonoidosides I, J, K, K1 and L-Triterpene Di-, Tri- and Tetrasulfated Hexaosides from the Sea Cucumber Psolus chitonoides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060369. [PMID: 35736172 PMCID: PMC9228963 DOI: 10.3390/md20060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Five new triterpene di-, tri- and tetrasulfated hexaosides (chitonoidosides I (1), J (2), K (3), K1 (4) and L (5)) were isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Psolus chitonoides, collected near Bering Island (Commander Islands) from a depth of 100–150 m. The structural variability of the glycosides concerned both the aglycones (with 7(8)- or 9(11)-double bonds) and carbohydrate chains differing from each other by the third sugar residue (Xyl or sulfated by C-6 Glc) and/or by the fourth—terminal in the bottom semi-chain—residue (Glc or sulfated by C-6 MeGlc) as well as by the positions of a sulfate group at C-4 or C-6 in the sixth—terminal in the upper semi-chain—residue (MeGlc). Hemolytic activities of these compounds 1–5 against human erythrocytes as well as cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines, HeLa, DLD-1 and HL-60, were studied. The hexaosides, chitonoidosides K (3) and L (5) with four sulfate groups, were the most active against tumor cells in all the tests. Noticeably, the sulfate group at C-4 of MeGlc6 did not decrease the membranolytic effect of 5 as compared with 3, having the sulfate group at C-6 of MeGlc6. Erythrocytes were, as usual, more sensitive to the action of the studied glycosides than cancer cells, although the sensitivity of leukemia promyeloblast HL-60 cells was higher than that of other tumor cells. The glycosides 1 and 2 demonstrated some weaker action in relation to DLD-1 cells than against other tumor cell lines. Chitonoidoside K1 (4) with a hydroxyl at C 25 of the aglycone was not active in all the tests. The metabolic network formed by the carbohydrate chains of all the glycosides isolated from P. chitonoides as well as the aglycones biosynthetic transformations during their biosynthesis are discussed and illustrated with schemes.
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Savarino P, Contino C, Colson E, Cabrera-Barjas G, De Winter J, Gerbaux P. Impact of the Hydrolysis and Methanolysis of Bidesmosidic Chenopodium quinoa Saponins on Their Hemolytic Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103211. [PMID: 35630692 PMCID: PMC9144749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are specific metabolites abundantly present in plants and several marine animals. Their high cytotoxicity is associated with their membranolytic properties, i.e., their propensity to disrupt cell membranes upon incorporation. As such, saponins are highly attractive for numerous applications, provided the relation between their molecular structures and their biological activities is understood at the molecular level. In the present investigation, we focused on the bidesmosidic saponins extracted from the quinoa husk, whose saccharidic chains are appended on the aglycone via two different linkages, a glycosidic bond, and an ester function. The later position is sensitive to chemical modifications, such as hydrolysis and methanolysis. We prepared and characterized three sets of saponins using mass spectrometry: (i) bidesmosidic saponins directly extracted from the ground husk, (ii) monodesmosidic saponins with a carboxylic acid group, and (iii) monodesmosidic saponins with a methyl ester function. The impact of the structural modifications on the membranolytic activity of the saponins was assayed based on the determination of their hemolytic activity. The natural bidesmosidic saponins do not present any hemolytic activity even at the highest tested concentration (500 µg·mL−1). Hydrolyzed saponins already degrade erythrocytes at 20 µg·mL−1, whereas 100 µg·mL−1 of transesterified saponins is needed to induce detectable activity. The observation that monodesmosidic saponins, hydrolyzed or transesterified, are much more active against erythrocytes than the bidesmosidic ones confirms that bidesmosidic saponins are likely to be the dormant form of saponins in plants. Additionally, the observation that negatively charged saponins, i.e., the hydrolyzed ones, are more hemolytic than the neutral ones could be related to the red blood cell membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Savarino
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S²MOs), University of Mons—UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (P.S.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Carolina Contino
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S²MOs), University of Mons—UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (P.S.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Emmanuel Colson
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S²MOs), University of Mons—UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (P.S.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Av. Cordillera 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Concepción 4030000, Región del Bío Bío, Chile;
| | - Julien De Winter
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S²MOs), University of Mons—UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (P.S.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Pascal Gerbaux
- Organic Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (S²MOs), University of Mons—UMONS, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (P.S.); (C.C.); (E.C.); (J.D.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Microwave-Assisted Desulfation of the Hemolytic Saponins Extracted from Holothuria scabra Viscera. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020537. [PMID: 35056852 PMCID: PMC8780253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are plant and marine animal specific metabolites that are commonly considered as molecular vectors for chemical defenses against unicellular and pluricellular organisms. Their toxicity is attributed to their membranolytic properties. Modifying the molecular structures of saponins by quantitative and selective chemical reactions is increasingly considered to tune the biological properties of these molecules (i) to prepare congeners with specific activities for biomedical applications and (ii) to afford experimental data related to their structure-activity relationship. In the present study, we focused on the sulfated saponins contained in the viscera of Holothuria scabra, a sea cucumber present in the Indian Ocean and abundantly consumed on the Asian food market. Using mass spectrometry, we first qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the saponin content within the viscera of H. scabra. We detected 26 sulfated saponins presenting 5 different elemental compositions. Microwave activation under alkaline conditions in aqueous solutions was developed and optimized to quantitatively and specifically induce the desulfation of the natural saponins, by a specific loss of H2SO4. By comparing the hemolytic activities of the natural and desulfated extracts, we clearly identified the sulfate function as highly responsible for the saponin toxicity.
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Silchenko AS, Kalinovsky AI, Avilov SA, Andrijaschenko PV, Popov RS, Chingizova EA, Kalinin VI, Dmitrenok PS. Triterpene Glycosides from the Far Eastern Sea Cucumber Psolus chitonoides: Chemical Structures and Cytotoxicities of Chitonoidosides E 1, F, G, and H. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:696. [PMID: 34940695 PMCID: PMC8708177 DOI: 10.3390/md19120696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Four new triterpene disulfated glycosides, chitonoidosides E1 (1), F (2), G (3), and H (4), were isolated from the Far-Eastern sea cucumber Psolus chitonoides and collected near Bering Island (Commander Islands) at depths of 100-150 m. Among them there are two hexaosides (1 and 3), differing from each other by the terminal (sixth) sugar residue, one pentaoside (4) and one tetraoside (2), characterized by a glycoside architecture of oligosaccharide chains with shortened bottom semi-chains, which is uncommon for sea cucumbers. Some additional distinctive structural features inherent in 1-4 were also found: the aglycone of a recently discovered new type, with 18(20)-ether bond and lacking a lactone in chitonoidoside G (3), glycoside 3-O-methylxylose residue in chitonoidoside E1 (1), which is rarely detected in sea cucumbers, and sulfated by uncommon position 4 terminal 3-O-methylglucose in chitonoidosides F (2) and H (4). The hemolytic activities of compounds 1-4 and chitonoidoside E against human erythrocytes and their cytotoxic action against the human cancer cell lines, adenocarcinoma HeLa, colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD-1, and monocytes THP-1, were studied. The glycoside with hexasaccharide chains (1, 3 and chitonoidoside E) were the most active against erythrocytes. A similar tendency was observed for the cytotoxicity against adenocarcinoma HeLa cells, but the demonstrated effects were moderate. The monocyte THP-1 cell line and erythrocytes were comparably sensitive to the action of the glycosides, but the activity of chitonoidosides E and E1 (1) significantly differed from that of 3 in relation to THP-1 cells. A tetraoside with a shortened bottom semi-chain, chitonoidoside F (2), displayed the weakest membranolytic effect in the series.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimir I. Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.S.); (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.)
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letya Vladivostoka 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.S.S.); (A.I.K.); (S.A.A.); (P.V.A.); (R.S.P.); (E.A.C.)
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