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Eze OC, Berebon DP, Emencheta SC, Evurani SA, Okorie CN, Balcão VM, Vila MMDC. Therapeutic Potential of Marine Probiotics: A Survey on the Anticancer and Antibacterial Effects of Pseudoalteromonas spp. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1091. [PMID: 37631006 PMCID: PMC10458718 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing limitations and negative impacts of the current options for preventing and managing diseases, including chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation, alternative therapies are needed, especially ones utilizing and maximizing natural products (NPs). NPs abound with diverse bioactive primary and secondary metabolites and compounds with therapeutic properties. Marine probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that inhabit marine environments and can benefit their hosts by improving health, growth, and disease resistance. Several studies have shown they possess potential bioactive and therapeutic actions against diverse disease conditions, thus opening the way for possible exploitation of their benefits through their application. Pseudoalteromonas spp. are a widely distributed heterotrophic, flagellated, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, and gram-negative marine probiotic bacteria species with reported therapeutic capabilities, including anti-cancer and -bacterial effects. This review discusses the basic concepts of marine probiotics and their therapeutic effects. Additionally, a survey of the anticancer and antibacterial effects of Pseudoalteromonas spp. is presented. Finally, marine probiotic production, advances, prospects, and future perspectives is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osita C. Eze
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (O.C.E.); (S.A.E.); (C.N.O.)
| | - Dinebari P. Berebon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (O.C.E.); (S.A.E.); (C.N.O.)
| | - Stephen C. Emencheta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (O.C.E.); (S.A.E.); (C.N.O.)
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (V.M.B.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
| | - Somtochukwu A. Evurani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (O.C.E.); (S.A.E.); (C.N.O.)
| | - Chibundo N. Okorie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria; (O.C.E.); (S.A.E.); (C.N.O.)
| | - Victor M. Balcão
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (V.M.B.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta M. D. C. Vila
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil; (V.M.B.); (M.M.D.C.V.)
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Probiotic Potential of the Marine Isolate Enterococcus faecium EA9 and In Vivo Evaluation of Its Antisepsis Action in Rats. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21010045. [PMID: 36662218 PMCID: PMC9860781 DOI: 10.3390/md21010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to obtain a novel probiotic strain adapted to marine habitats and to assess its antisepsis properties using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in rodents. The marine Enterococcus faecium EA9 was isolated from marine shrimp samples and evaluated for probiotic potential after phenotypical and molecular identification. In septic animals, hepatic and renal tissues were histologically and biochemically evaluated for inflammation and oxidative stress following the probiotic treatment. Moreover, gene expressions of multiple signaling cascades were determined using RT-PCR. EA9 was identified and genotyped as Enterococcus faecium with a 99.88% identity. EA9 did not exhibit any signs of hemolysis and survived at low pH and elevated concentrations of bile salts. Moreover, EA9 isolate had antibacterial activity against different pathogenic bacteria and could thrive in 6.5% NaCl. Septic animals treated with EA9 had improved liver and kidney functions, lower inflammatory and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes. The CLP-induced necrotic histological changes and altered gene expressions of IL-10, IL-1β, INF-γ, COX-2, SOD-1, SOD-2, HO-1, AKT, mTOR, iNOS, and STAT-3 were abolished by the EA9 probiotic in septic animals. The isolate Enterococcus faecium EA9 represents a promising marine probiotic. The in vivo antisepsis testing of EA9 highlighted its potential and effective therapeutic approach.
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Wasana WP, Senevirathne A, Nikapitiya C, Lee JS, Kang DH, Kwon KK, Oh C, De Zoysa M. Probiotic effects of Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica: Antibacterial, immune stimulation and modulation of gut microbiota composition. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:229-243. [PMID: 36210003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterise and evaluate the probiotic properties of a newly isolated marine bacterium, strain S6031. The isolated strain was identified as Pseudoalteromonas ruthenica. In vivo experiments were conducted with P. ruthenica-immersed larvae and P. ruthenica-enriched Artemia fed to adult zebrafish. Disease tolerance of larval zebrafish against Edwardsiella piscicida was demonstrated by 66.34% cumulative per cent survival (CPS) in the P. ruthenica-exposed group, which was higher than the CPS of the control (46.67%) at 72 h post challenge (hpc). Heat-stressed larvae had 55% CPS in the P. ruthenica-immersed group, while the control had 30% CPS at 60 hpc. Immune-stress response gene transcripts (muc5.1, muc5.2, muc5.3, alpi2, alpi3, hsp70, and hsp90a) were induced, while pro-inflammatory genes (tnfα, il1b, and il6) were downregulated in P. ruthenica-immersed larvae compared to the control. This trend was confirmed by low pro-inflammatory and high stress-responsive protein expression levels in P. ruthenica-exposed larvae. Adult zebrafish had higher CPS (27.2%) in the P. ruthenica-fed group than the control (9.52%) upon E. piscicida challenge, suggesting increased disease tolerance. Histological analysis demonstrated modulation of goblet cell density and average villus height in the P. ruthenica-supplemented group. Metagenomics analysis clearly indicated modulation of alpha diversity indices and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the P. ruthenica-supplemented zebrafish gut. Furthermore, increased Firmicutes colonisation and reduced Bacteroidetes abundance in the gut were observed upon P. ruthenica supplementation. Additionally, this study confirmed the concentration-dependent increase of colony dispersion and macrophage uptake upon mucin treatment. In summary, P. ruthenica possesses remarkable functional properties as a probiotic that enhances host defence against diseases and thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Withanage Prasadini Wasana
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Amal Senevirathne
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Gujwa‑eup, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kae Kyoung Kwon
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Oh
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Gujwa‑eup, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Huang T, Gu W, Liu E, Wang B, Wang G, Dong F, Guo F, Jiao W, Sun Y, Wang X, Li S, Xu G. miR-301b-5p and its target gene nfatc2ip regulate inflammatory responses in the liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under high temperature stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113915. [PMID: 35901591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a typical cold-water aquaculture fish and a high-end aquatic product. When water temperature exceeds its optimal range of 12-18 °C, the immune system of rainbow trout becomes weakened and unbalanced. High temperature in summer and global warming severely impact rainbow trout industry. The focus of this study was to explore the mechanisms regulating the immune response of rainbow trout under high temperature stress and identify molecular elements that account for resistance to high temperature. In this study, individual fish were screened in a high temperature stress experiment and divided into resistant (R) and sensitive (S) groups. The hepatic transcriptome sequencing and analysis of mRNAs and microRNAs of the R, S, and control groups showed that the number of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the S group (9259) was higher than that in the R group (5313). Furthermore, the 1233 genes differentially expressed between S and R groups were mainly enriched in immune-related pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling and IL-17 signaling. Among these DEGs were miR-301b-5p and its target gene that encodes nuclear factor of activated T cells two interacting protein (nfatc2ip). The dual-luciferase reporter system and immunofluorescence experiments verified the relationship between miR-301b-5p and nfatc2ip. We also showed that expression levels of miR-301b-5p and nfatc2ip significantly negatively correlated in the liver of rainbow trout under high temperature stress. By performing functional experiments, we showed that activation of miR-301b-5p expression or inhibition of nfatc2ip expression stimulated the phosphorylation of p65, p38, and JNK in the classical nuclear factor kappa-B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways under high temperature stress. These manipulations initially promoted the secretion of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and then increased the levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. In addition, activation of miR-301b-5p expression or inhibition of nfatc2ip expression stimulated the repair of the hepatic ultrastructural damage caused by high temperature stress by activating the inflammatory response in rainbow trout liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Huang
- Cold Water Fish Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wei Gu
- Cold Water Fish Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Enhui Liu
- Cold Water Fish Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- Cold Water Fish Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Gaochao Wang
- Cold Water Fish Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Fulin Dong
- Cold Water Fish Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Fuyuan Guo
- Yantai Jinghai Marine Fishery Co Ltd, Yantai, PR China
| | - Wenlong Jiao
- Gansu Fisheries Research Institute, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yanchun Sun
- Cold Water Fish Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiance Wang
- Hangzhou Qiandaohu Xun Long Sci-tech CO., LTD, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shanwei Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Gefeng Xu
- Cold Water Fish Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, PR China.
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Recent Discoveries on Marine Organism Immunomodulatory Activities. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070422. [PMID: 35877715 PMCID: PMC9324980 DOI: 10.3390/md20070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms have been shown to be a valuable source for biologically active compounds for the prevention and treatment of cancer, inflammation, immune system diseases, and other pathologies. The advantage of studying organisms collected in the marine environment lies in their great biodiversity and in the variety of chemical structures of marine natural products. Various studies have focused on marine organism compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications, for instance, as immunomodulators, to treat cancer and immune-mediated diseases. Modulation of the immune system is defined as any change in the immune response that can result in the induction, expression, amplification, or inhibition of any phase of the immune response. Studies very often focus on the effects of marine-derived compounds on macrophages, as well as lymphocytes, by analyzing the release of mediators (cytokines) by using the immunological assay enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR. The main sources are fungi, bacteria, microalgae, macroalgae, sponges, mollusks, corals, and fishes. This review is focused on the marine-derived molecules discovered in the last three years as potential immunomodulatory drugs.
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