1
|
Shulgin A, Spirin P, Lebedev T, Kravchenko A, Glasunov V, Yermak I, Prassolov V. Comparative study of HIV-1 inhibition efficiency by carrageenans from red seaweeds family gigartinaceae, Tichocarpaceae and Phyllophoraceae. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33407. [PMID: 39050420 PMCID: PMC11267007 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) inhibition by sulfated polysaccharides isolated from the various families of red algae of the Far East Pacific coast were studied. The anti-HIV-1 activity of kappa and lambda-carrageenans from Chondrus armatus, original highly sulfated X-carrageenan with low content of 3,6-anhydrogalactose from Tichocarpus crinitus and i/κ-carrageenan with hybrid structure isolated from Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis was found. The antiviral action of these polysaccharides and its low-weight oligosaccharide was compared with commercial κ-carrageenan. Here we used the HIV-1-based lentiviral particles and evaluated that these carrageenans in non-toxic concentrations significantly suppress the transduction potential of lentiviral particles pseudotyped with different envelope proteins, targeting cells of neuronal or T-cell origin. The antiviral action of these carrageenans was confirmed using the chimeric replication competent Mo-MuLV (Moloney murine leukemia retrovirus) encoding marker eGFP protein. We found that X-carrageenans from T. crinitus and its low weight derivative and λ-carrageenan from C. armatus effectively suppress the infection caused by retrovirus. The obtained data suggest that the differences in the suppressive effect of carrageenans on the transduction efficiency of HIV-1 based lentiviral particles may be related to the structural features of the studied polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shulgin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Spirin
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Timofey Lebedev
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Kravchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Valery Glasunov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Irina Yermak
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladimir Prassolov
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova 32, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prokopiuk V, Onishchenko A, Tryfonyuk L, Posokhov Y, Gorbach T, Kot Y, Kot K, Maksimchuk P, Nakonechna O, Tkachenko A. Marine Polysaccharides Carrageenans Enhance Eryptosis and Alter Lipid Order of Cell Membranes in Erythrocytes. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:747-766. [PMID: 38334853 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Aim In the current study, hemocompatibility of three major commercially available types of carrageenans (ι, κ and λ) was investigated focusing on eryptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carrageenans of ι-, κ- and λ-types were incubated with washed erythrocytes (hematocrit 0.4%) at 0-1-5-10 g/L for either 24 h or 48 h. Incubation was followed by flow cytometry-based quantitative analysis of eryptosis parameters, including cell volume, cell membrane scrambling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation markers and confocal microscopy-based evaluation of intracellular Ca2+ levels, assessment of lipid order in cell membranes and the glutathione antioxidant system. Confocal microscopy was used to assess carrageenan cellular internalization using rhodamine B isothiocyanate-conjugated carrageenans. RESULTS All three types of carrageenans were found to trigger eryptosis. Pro-eryptotic properties were type-dependent and λ-carrageenan had the strongest impact inducing phosphatidylserine membrane asymmetry, changes in cell volume, Ca2+ signaling and oxidative stress characterized by ROS overproduction, activation of lipid peroxidation and severe glutathione system depletion. Eryptosis induction by carrageenans does not require their uptake by erythrocytes. Changes in physicochemical properties of cell membrane were also type-dependent. No carrageenan-induced generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals was observed in cell-free milieu. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ι-, κ- and λ-types trigger eryptosis in a type-dependent manner and indicate that carrageenans can be further investigated as potential eryptosis-regulating therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Prokopiuk
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Cryobiochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 61015, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Onishchenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Liliya Tryfonyuk
- Institute of Health, National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, 11 Soborna st, 33000, Rivne, Ukraine
| | - Yevgen Posokhov
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, Paints and Coatings, The National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", 2 Kyrpychova st, 61000, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Gorbach
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Kot
- Department of Biochemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Kot
- Department of Biochemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavel Maksimchuk
- Institute for Scintillation Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 60 Nauky ave, 61072, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Nakonechna
- Department of Biochemistry, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave., 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Tkachenko
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky ave, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hao C, Xu Z, Xu C, Yao R. Anti-herpes simplex virus activities and mechanisms of marine derived compounds. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1302096. [PMID: 38259968 PMCID: PMC10800978 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1302096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most widely prevalent herpes virus worldwide, and the herpetic encephalitis and genital herpes caused by HSV infection have caused serious harm to human health all over the world. Although many anti-HSV drugs such as nucleoside analogues have been ap-proved for clinical use during the past few decades, important issues, such as drug resistance, toxicity, and high cost of drugs, remain unresolved. Recently, the studies on the anti-HSV activities of marine natural products, such as marine polysaccharides, marine peptides and microbial secondary metabolites are attracting more and more attention all over the world. This review discusses the recent progress in research on the anti-HSV activities of these natural compounds obtained from marine organisms, relating to their structural features and the structure-activity relationships. In addition, the recent findings on the different anti-HSV mechanisms and molecular targets of marine compounds and their potential for therapeutic application will also be summarized in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Hao
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongqiu Xu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Can Xu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shamsian S, Nabipour I, Mohebbi G, Baghban N, Zare M, Zandi K, Vazirizadeh A, Maryamabadi A, Delattre C. In-vitro and in-silico anti-HSV-1 activity of a marine steroid from the jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda venom. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106486. [PMID: 38056601 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the potential in vitro anti-HSV-1 activities of the Cassiopea andromeda jellyfish tentacle extract (TE) and its fractions, as well as computational work on the thymidine kinase (TK) inhibitory activity of the identified secondary metabolites. The LD50, secondary metabolite identification, preparative and analytical chromatography, and in silico TK assessment were performed using the Spearman-Karber, GC-MS, silica gel column chromatography, RP-HPLC, LC-MS, and docking methods, respectively. The antiviral activity of TE and the two purified compounds Ca2 and Ca7 against HSV-1 in Vero cells was evaluated by MTT and RT-PCR assays. The LD50 (IV, mouse) values of TE, Ca2, and Ca7 were 104.0 ± 4, 5120 ± 14, and 197.0 ± 7 (μg/kg), respectively. They exhibited extremely effective antiviral activity against HSV-1. The CC50 and MNTD of TE, Ca2, and Ca7 were (125, 62.5), (25, 12.5), and (50, 3.125) μg/ml, respectively. GC-MS analysis of the tentacle extract revealed seven structurally distinct chemical compositions. Four of the seven compounds had a steroid structure. According to the docking results, all compounds showed binding affinity to the active sites of both thymidine kinase chains. Among them, the steroid compound Pregn-5-ene-3,11-dione, 17,20:20,21 bis [methylenebis(oxy)]-, cyclic 3-(1,2-ethane diyl acetal) (Ca2) exhibited the highest affinity for both enzyme chains, surpassing that of standard acyclovir. In silico data confirmed the experimental results. We conclude that the oxosteroid Ca2 may act as a potent agent against HSV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shakib Shamsian
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Gholamhossein Mohebbi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Masoud Zare
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Amir Vazirizadeh
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, The Persian Gulf Research and Studies Center, The Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Ammar Maryamabadi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 7500, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Davydova VN, Krylova NV, Iunikhina OV, Volod'ko AV, Pimenova EA, Shchelkanov MY, Yermak IM. Physicochemical Properties and Antiherpetic Activity of κ-Carrageenan Complex with Chitosan. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040238. [PMID: 37103377 PMCID: PMC10141160 DOI: 10.3390/md21040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles formation is one of the ways to modulate the physicochemical properties and enhance the activity of original polysaccharides. For this purpose, based on the polysaccharide of red algae, κ-carrageenan (κ-CRG), it polyelectrolyte complex (PEC), with chitosan, were obtained. The complex formation was confirmed by ultracentrifugation in a Percoll gradient, with dynamic light scattering. According to electron microscopy and DLS, PEC is dense spherical particles with sizes in the range of 150-250 nm. A decrease in the polydispersity of the initial CRG was detected after the PEC formation. Simultaneous exposure of Vero cells with the studied compounds and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) showed that the PEC exhibited significant antiviral activity, effectively inhibiting the early stages of virus-cell interaction. A two-fold increase in the antiherpetic activity (selective index) of PEC compared to κ-CRG was shown, which may be due to a change in the physicochemical characteristics of κ-CRG in PEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya N Davydova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Natalya V Krylova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olga V Iunikhina
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Aleksandra V Volod'ko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A Pimenova
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Rospotrebnadzor, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Irina M Yermak
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antiherpetic Activity of Carrageenan Complex with Echinochrome A and Its Liposomal Form. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415754. [PMID: 36555404 PMCID: PMC9779482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, the incidence of which is still widespread throughout the world, are actualizing the search and development of new, more effective antiherpetic drugs. The development of multifunctional drug delivery systems, including liposome-based ones, has become a relevant and attractive concept in nanotechnology. The ability of complexes of κ- and Σ-carrageenans (CRGs)-sulfated polysaccharides of red algae, with echinochrome A (Ech), as well as the liposomal form of the Σ-CRG/Ech complex-to inhibit different stages of HSV-1 infection in Vero cells was studied. By quantum chemical calculations, it was shown that CRG forms stable complexes with Ech. We have shown that complexes of κ-CRG/Ech and Σ-CRG/Ech exhibit highest virucidal activity with a selectivity index (SI) of 270 and 350, respectively, and inhibition of virus-cell interaction (SI of 83 and 32, respectively). The liposomal form of the Σ-CRG/Ech complex after virus adsorption and penetration to cells effectively reduced the HSV-1 plaque formation. The virus-inhibiting activity of the liposomal form of the Σ-CRG/Ech complex was three times higher than that of the Σ-CRG/Ech complex itself. Obtaining CRGs/Ech complexes and their liposomal forms can become the basis of a successful strategy for the development of promising antiherpetic drugs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Oliyaei N, Moosavi-Nasab M, Mazloomi SM. Therapeutic activity of fucoidan and carrageenan as marine algal polysaccharides against viruses. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:154. [PMID: 35765662 PMCID: PMC9233728 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
8
|
Antiviral Activity and Mechanisms of Seaweeds Bioactive Compounds on Enveloped Viruses-A Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060385. [PMID: 35736188 PMCID: PMC9228758 DOI: 10.3390/md20060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, the interest in seaweed has significantly increased. Bioactive compounds from seaweed’s currently receive major attention from pharmaceutical companies as they express several interesting biological activities which are beneficial for humans. The structural diversity of seaweed metabolites provides diverse biological activities which are expressed through diverse mechanisms of actions. This review mainly focuses on the antiviral activity of seaweed’s extracts, highlighting the mechanisms of actions of some seaweed molecules against infection caused by different types of enveloped viruses: influenza, Lentivirus (HIV-1), Herpes viruses, and coronaviruses. Seaweed metabolites with antiviral properties can act trough different pathways by increasing the host’s defense system or through targeting and blocking virus replication before it enters host cells. Several studies have already established the large antiviral spectrum of seaweed’s bioactive compounds. Throughout this review, antiviral mechanisms and medical applications of seaweed’s bioactive compounds are analyzed, suggesting seaweed’s potential source of antiviral compounds for the formulation of novel and natural antiviral drugs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wei Q, Fu G, Wang K, Yang Q, Zhao J, Wang Y, Ji K, Song S. Advances in Research on Antiviral Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Seaweeds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050581. [PMID: 35631407 PMCID: PMC9147703 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various viral diseases have suddenly erupted, resulting in widespread infection and death. A variety of biological activities from marine natural products have gradually attracted the attention of people. Seaweeds have a wide range of sources, huge output, and high economic benefits. This is very promising in the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, sulfated polysaccharides derived from seaweeds, considered a potential source of bioactive compounds for drug development, have shown antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of viruses, mainly including common DNA viruses and RNA viruses. In addition, sulfated polysaccharides can also improve the body’s immunity. This review focuses on recent advances in antiviral research on the sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds, including carrageenan, galactan, fucoidan, alginate, ulvan, p-KG03, naviculan, and calcium spirulan. We hope that this review will provide new ideas for the development of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wei
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guoqiang Fu
- Weihaiwei People’s Hospital, Weihai 264200, China;
| | - Ke Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qiong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Kai Ji
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (Q.W.); (K.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Toumi S, Yahoum MM, Lefnaoui S, Hadjsadok A. Synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of octenylsuccinated kappa-carrageenan: Conventional versus microwave heating. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 286:119310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|