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Prieto M, Wedin M, Schultz M. Phylogeny, evolution and a re-classification of the Lichinomycetes. Stud Mycol 2024; 109:595-655. [PMID: 39717657 PMCID: PMC11663425 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2024.109.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 12/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Lichinomycetes is an independent lichenized lineage within the Ascomycota comprising ca. 390 species and 50 genera. Very few studies have dealt with family and genus classification using molecular data and many groups are in need of thorough revision. Thus, we constructed a multilocus phylogeny (mtSSU, RPB2 and mcm7 gene regions) including 190 specimens of Lichinomycetes belonging to 126 species. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses were carried out to trace the evolution of selected characters. The current classification scheme of the Lichinomycetes based on morphological and anatomical characters is in great conflict with the phylogenetic relationships resulting from the present study. The results suggest substantial non-monophyly at the family and genus levels. A revised classification is proposed here and an overview of genera accepted in the Lichinomycetes is given. Ancestral Lichinomycetes are reconstructed as crustose with pycnoascocarps and octosporous asci. We used a combination of characters to delineate groups including the ascoma development and the type of asci. The revised classification includes 11 new genera, five resurrected genera, and 54 new combinations distributed in four families (three emended and one new). Three new species are also described. Taxonomic novelties: New family: Lichinellaceae M. Schultz & M. Prieto. New genera: Allopyrenis M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Gonotichia M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lapismalleus M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lingolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Paludolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Paracyphus M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Peltolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudocarpon M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudotichia M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pycnolemma M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Tichocyphus M. Schultz & M. Prieto. New species: Paracyphus gotlandicus M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudocarpon persimile M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Tichocyphus gotlandicus M. Schultz & M. Prieto. New combinations: Allopyrenis grumulifera (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis haemaleella (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis impolita (Th. Fr.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis phaeococca (Tuck.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis reducta (Th. Fr.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis sanguinea (Anzi) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Allopyrenis tenuis (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis densisidiata (Aptroot et al.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis foederata (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis guyanensis (M. Schultz et al.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis palmana (J. Steiner) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Cladopsis polycocca (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Forssellia canariensis (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Forssellia concordatula (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Gonotichia octosporella (Lettau) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lapismalleus lugubris (A. Massal.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lemmopsis lutophila (Arnold) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lempholemma segregatum (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Lichinella baicalensis (Makryi) M. Schultz, Lichinella etoshica (Brusse) M. Schultz, Lichinella lusitanica (Henssen) M. Schultz, Lichinella pulvinata (E. Dahl) M. Schultz, Lichinella schleicheri (Hepp) M. Schultz, Lichinella terrestris (Makryi) M. Schultz, Lingolemma lingulatum (Tuck.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Paludolemma syreniarum (C.J. Lewis & M. Schultz) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Peltolemma socotranum (M. Schultz) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum aotearoa (Henssen & B. Bartlett) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum cylindrophorum (Vain.) M. Schultz, Phylliscum laatokkaense (Vain.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum neglectum (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum permiscens (Nyl.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Phylliscum rhodostictum (Taylor) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Porocyphus antarcticus (Cromb.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Porocyphus macrosporus (Henssen et al.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Porocyphus minutissimus (Henssen) M. Schultz, Porocyphus rosulans (A. Henssen) M. Schultz, Porocyphus tasmanicus (A. Henssen) M. Schultz, Porocyphus willeyi (Tuck.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Pseudotichia vermiculata (Nyl.) Schultz & M. Prieto, Pycnolemma polycarpum (M. Schultz) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina botryosa (A. Massal.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina cladodes (Tuck.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina condensata (Arnold) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina degeliana (P.M. Jørg.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina dispansa (H. Magn.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina intricatissima (J. Steiner) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina isidiodes (Nyl. ex Arnold) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Synalissina vesiculifera (Henssen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Thelignya arnoldii (Frauenf.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Thelignya lacustris (P.M. Jørg. & R. Sant.) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Thelignya neglecta (Erichsen) M. Schultz & M. Prieto, Thelignya obtenebrans (Nyl.) M. Schultz, Thyrea osorioi (Henssen) M. Schultz. New status and combination: Gonotichia depauperata (Servít) M. Schultz & M. Prieto. Emended description: Lempholemma Körb., Lichina C. Agardh, Thelignya A. Massal., Lichinaceae Nyl., Phylliscaceae Th. Fr., Porocyphaceae Körb. Resurrection: Cladopsis Nyl., Collemopsis Nyl. ex Crombie, Forssellia Zahlbr., Pleopyrenis Clem., Synalissina Nyl. Citation: Prieto M, Wedin M, Schultz M (2024). Phylogeny, evolution and a re-classification of the Lichinomycetes. Studies in Mycology 109: 595-655. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.109.09.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Prieto
- Area of Biodiversity and Conservation, Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, E–28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Global Change Research Institute, Rey Juan Carlos University, E–28933 Móstoles, Spain
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Wedin
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Schultz
- Herbarium Hamburgense, Institute for Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, D-22609, Hamburg, Germany
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Essadki Y, Hilmi A, Cascajosa-Lira A, Girão M, Darrag EM, Martins R, Romane A, El Amrani Zerrifi S, Mugani R, Tazart Z, Redouane EM, Jos A, Cameán AM, Vasconcelos V, Campos A, El Khalloufi F, Oudra B, Barakate M, Carvalho MDF. In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Volatile Compounds from the Lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf. Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fish Pathogens. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2336. [PMID: 39597725 PMCID: PMC11596387 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms with unique secondary metabolism. Various metabolites from lichens have shown antimicrobial activity. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated the antimicrobial potential of the volatile compounds they produce. This study investigates the chemical composition and antimicrobial properties of volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea collected in two regions of Morocco. Hydrodistillation was used to obtain volatile compounds from samples collected in the High Atlas and Middle Atlas. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified phenolic cyclic compounds as the primary constituents, with atraric acid and chloroatranol being the most abundant. Additionally, eight compounds were detected in lichens for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was assessed using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Both samples demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects against multidrug-resistant human bacteria, reference microorganisms, fish pathogens, and Candida albicans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1000 µg/mL to 31.25 µg/mL. This study provides the first report on the volatile compounds from Pseudevernia furfuracea and their antimicrobial effects, particularly against fish pathogens, suggesting their potential as novel antimicrobial agents for human and veterinary use. Further research is warranted to explore these findings in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Essadki
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Y.E.); (S.E.A.Z.); (R.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Adel Hilmi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, AgroSciences and Environment, CNRST Labeled Research Unit N◦4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (A.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Antonio Cascajosa-Lira
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C. Tramontana, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.C.-L.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Mariana Girão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.G.); (R.M.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
| | - El Mehdi Darrag
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Biomass, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Rosário Martins
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.G.); (R.M.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
- Health and Environment Research Centre, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (E2S/P.PORTO), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Abderrahmane Romane
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Biomass, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (E.M.D.); (A.R.)
| | - Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Y.E.); (S.E.A.Z.); (R.M.); (B.O.)
- Higher Institute of Nurses Professions and Health Techniques of Guelmim, Guelmim 81000, Morocco
| | - Richard Mugani
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Y.E.); (S.E.A.Z.); (R.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Zakaria Tazart
- AgroBioSciences Department, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | - El Mahdi Redouane
- UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH SEBIO, Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des Milieux Aquatiques, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims, CEDEX, France;
| | - Angeles Jos
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C. Tramontana, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.C.-L.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Ana M. Cameán
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C. Tramontana, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.C.-L.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.G.); (R.M.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), Rua Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Campos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.G.); (R.M.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Natural Resources Engineering and Environmental Impacts Team, Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Beni Mellal, Bd 2 Mars, Khouribga 25000, Morocco;
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Y.E.); (S.E.A.Z.); (R.M.); (B.O.)
| | - Mustapha Barakate
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, AgroSciences and Environment, CNRST Labeled Research Unit N◦4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Prince Moulay Abdellah, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (A.H.); (M.B.)
- AgroBioSciences Department, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco;
| | - Maria de Fátima Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (M.G.); (R.M.); (V.V.); (A.C.)
- ICBAS—School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Nurcholis W, Rahmadansah R, Astuti P, Priosoeryanto BP, Arianti R, Kristóf E. Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds and Biochemical Activity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Essential Oil Extracted from Distinct Shaded Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2682. [PMID: 39409552 PMCID: PMC11479211 DOI: 10.3390/plants13192682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024]
Abstract
The application of shade during plants' growth significantly alters the biochemical compounds of the essential oil (EO). We aimed to analyze the effect of shade on the volatile compounds and biochemical activities of EO extracted from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza) plants. Four shading conditions were applied: no shading (S0), 25% (S25), 50% (S50), and 75% shade (S75). The volatile compounds of EO extracted from each shaded plant were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of EO were also investigated. We found that shade application significantly reduced the C. xanthorrhiza EO yield but increased its aroma and bioactive compound concentration. α-curcumene, xanthorrhizol, α-cedrene, epicurzerenone, and germacrone were found in EO extracted from all conditions. However, β-bisabolol, curzerene, curcuphenol, and γ-himachalene were only detected in the EO of S75 plants. The EO of the shaded plants also showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to unshaded ones. In addition, the EO extracted from S75 exerted higher antiproliferative activity on HeLa cells as compared to S0. The EO extracted from S0 and S25 showed higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than kanamycin. Our results suggest that shade applications alter the composition of the extractable volatile compounds in C. xanthorrhiza, which may result in beneficial changes in the biochemical activity of the EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waras Nurcholis
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Rahmadansah Rahmadansah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Puji Astuti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak 78124, Indonesia;
| | | | - Rini Arianti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.A.); (E.K.)
- Universitas Muhammadiyah Bangka Belitung, Pangkalpinang 33684, Indonesia
| | - Endre Kristóf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (R.A.); (E.K.)
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