Noonindoles A-F: Rare Indole Diterpene Amino Acid Conjugates from a Marine-Derived Fungus, Aspergillus noonimiae CMB-M0339

Miniaturized Cultivation Profiling (MATRIX)-Facilitated Discovery of Noonazines A-C and Noonaphilone A from an Australian Marine-Derived Fungus, Aspergillus noonimiae CMB-M0339

Subjecting the Australian marine-derived fungus Aspergillus noonimiae CMB-M0339 to cultivation profiling using an innovative miniaturized 24-well plate format (MATRIX) enabled access to new examples of the rare class of 2,6-diketopiperazines, noonazines A-C (1-3), along with the known analogue coelomycin (4), as well as a new azaphilone, noonaphilone A (5). Structures were assigned to 1-5 on the basis of a detailed spectroscopic analysis, and in the case of 1-2, an X-ray crystallographic analysis. Plausible biosynthetic pathways are proposed for 1-4, involving oxidative Schiff base coupling/dimerization of a putative Phe precursor. Of note, 2 incorporates a rare meta-Tyr motif, typically only reported in a limited array of Streptomyces metabolites. Similarly, a plausible biosynthetic pathway is proposed for 5, highlighting a single point for stereo-divergence that allows for the biosynthesis of alternate antipodes, for example, the 7R noonaphilone A (5) versus the 7S deflectin 1a (6).

Marine natural products

Covering: January to the end of December 2022This review covers the literature published in 2022 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 645 citations (633 for the period January to December 2022) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, the submerged parts of mangroves and other intertidal plants. The emphasis is on new compounds (1417 in 384 papers for 2022), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Pertinent reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. An analysis of NP structure class diversity in relation to biota source and biome is discussed.

Noonindoles G-L: Indole Diterpene Glycosides from the Australian Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus noonimiae CMB-M0339

Fungal indole diterpenes (IDTs) occupy a valuable region of bioactive natural product chemical space, displaying potent and selective inhibition of therapeutically important ion channels and with potential application in the treatment of glaucoma, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as insecticides and antivirals. We have employed an integrated workflow of analytical scale chemical profiling using GNPS (Global Natural Products Social molecular networking) and cultivation profiling (also known as "MATRIX" miniaturized microbioreactor) to detect, prioritize, optimize the production, isolate, characterize, and identify a new series of indole diterpenes, noonindoles G-L (7-12), from an Australian marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus noonimiae CMB-M0339. The first reported examples of IDT glycosides, the molecular structures for 7-12, were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis and biosynthetic considerations.

Marine Natural Products from Flora and Fauna of the Western Australian Coast: Taxonomy, Isolation and Biological Activity

Marine natural products occurring along the Western Australian coastline are the focus of this review. Western Australia covers one-third of the Australian coast, from tropical waters in the far north of the state to cooler temperate and Antarctic waters in the south. Over 40 years of research has resulted in the identification of a number of different types of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, polyketides, fatty acid derivatives, peptides and arsenic-containing natural products. Many of these compounds have been reported to display a variety of bioactivities. A description of the compound classes and their associated bioactivities from marine organisms found along the Western Australian coastline is presented.