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Ruan S, Yang Y, Zhang X, Luo G, Lin Y, Liang S. Screening and characterization of integration sites based on CRISPR-Cpf1 in Pichia pastoris. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:759-765. [PMID: 39007090 PMCID: PMC11245885 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast, can utilize methanol as a carbon source and energy source to synthesize high-value chemicals, and is an ideal host for biomanufacturing. Constructing the P. pastoris cell factory is somewhat impeded due to the absence of genetic tools for manipulating multi-gene biosynthetic pathways. To broaden its application in the field of metabolic engineering, this study identified and screened 15 novel integration sites in P. pastoris using CRISPR-Cpf1 genome editing technology, with EGFP serving the reporter protein. These integration sites have integration efficiencies of 10-100 % and varying expression strengths, which allow for selection based on the expression levels of genes as needed. Additionally, these integrated sites are applied in the heterologous biosynthesis of P. pastoris, such as the astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway and the carbon dioxide fixation pathway of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle. During the three-site integration process, the 8 genes of the CBB cycle were integrated into the genome of P. pastoris. This indicates the potential of these integration sites for integrating large fragments and suggests their successful application in metabolic engineering of P. pastoris. This may lead to improved efficiency of genetic engineering in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Ruan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guanjuan Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuli Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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2
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Shen M, Chen X, Wu C, Song Z, Shi J, Liu S, Zhao Y. A microfluidic impedance cytometry device for robust identification of H. pluvialis. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5684-5691. [PMID: 39129414 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00845f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
H. pluvialis contains rich oleic acid and astaxanthin, which have important applications in the fields of biodiesel and biomedicine. Detection of live H. pluvialis is the prerequisite to obtaining oleic acid and astaxanthin. For this purpose, we successfully developed a reliable microfluidic impedance cytometry for the identification of live H. pluvialis. Firstly, we established a simulation model for detecting H. pluvialis based on their morphology and studied the effect of medium conductivity on the impedance of H. pluvialis at different frequencies. From the simulations, we determined that the optimal solution conductivity for the detection of H. pluvialis was 1500 μS cm-1 and studied the frequency responses of the impedance of H. pluvialis. Secondly, we fabricated the microchannels and stainless-steel detection electrodes and assembled them into microfluidic impedance cytometry. The frequency dependence of live and dead H. pluvialis was explored under different frequencies, and live and dead H. pluvialis were distinguished at a frequency of 1 MHz. The impedance of live H. pluvialis at the frequency of 1 MHz ranges from 33.73 to 52.23 Ω, while that of dead ones ranges from 13.05 to 19.59 Ω. Based on these findings, we accomplished the identification and counting of live H. pluvialis in the live and dead sample solutions. Furthermore, we accomplished the identification and counting of live H. pluvialis in the mixed samples containing Euglena and H. pluvialis. This approach possesses the promising capacity to serve as a robust tool in the identification of target microalgae, addressing a challenge in the fields of biodiesel and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Shen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Chungang Wu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Song
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Jishun Shi
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
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Adıgüzel E, Ülger TG. A marine-derived antioxidant astaxanthin as a potential neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic agent: A review of its efficacy on neurodegenerative conditions. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176706. [PMID: 38843946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a potent lipid-soluble carotenoid produced by several different freshwater and marine microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, fungi, and yeast. The proven therapeutic effects of astaxanthin against different diseases have made this carotenoid popular in the nutraceutical market and among consumers. Recently, astaxanthin is also receiving attention for its effects in the co-adjuvant treatment or prevention of neurological pathologies. In this systematic review, studies evaluating the efficacy of astaxanthin against different neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and spinal cord injury are analyzed. Based on the current literature, astaxanthin shows potential biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, its preventive and therapeutic activities against the above-mentioned diseases have been emphasized in studies with different experimental designs. In contrast, none of the 59 studies reviewed reported any safety concerns or adverse health effects as a result of astaxanthin supplementation. The preventive or therapeutic role of astaxanthin may vary depending on the dosage and route of administration. Although there is a consensus in the literature regarding its effectiveness against the specified diseases, it is important to determine the safe intake levels of synthetic and natural forms and to determine the most effective forms for oral intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Adıgüzel
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 70100, Karaman, Turkey.
| | - Taha Gökmen Ülger
- Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu, Turkey
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4
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Mahmoud DSE, Kamel MA, El-Sayed IET, Binsuwaidan R, Elmongy EI, Razzaq MK, Abd Eldaim MA, Ahmed ESAM, Shaker SA. Astaxanthin ameliorated isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction via improving the mitochondrial function and antioxidant activity in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23804. [PMID: 39132813 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the cardioprotective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) against isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats via the pathway of mitochondrial biogenesis as the possible molecular target of astaxanthin. The control group was injected with normal physiological saline subcutaneously for 2 days. The second group was injected with ISO at a dose of 85 mg/kg bwt subcutaneously for 2 days. The third, fourth and fifth groups were supplemented with ASX at doses of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg bwt, respectively daily by oral gavage for 21 days then injected with ISO dose of 85 mg/kg bwt subcutaneously for 2 successive days. Isoproterenol administration in rats elevated the activities of Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and other serum cardiac biomarkers Troponin-I activities, oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde(MDA), Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB), while it decreased Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α), Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nfe212), mitochondrial transcriptional factor A (mt TFA), mitochondrial DNA copy number and glutathione system parameters. However, Astaxanthin decreased the activities of serum AST, LDH, CK-MB, and Troponin I that elevated by ISO. In addition, it increased glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, total glutathione and reduced GSH content, and GSH/GSSG ratio, mtDNA copy number, PGC-1α expression and Tfam expression that improved mitochondrial biogenesis while it decreased GSSG and MDA contents and NF-KB level in the cardiac tissues. This study indicated that astaxanthin relieved isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction via scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative damage and apoptosis in cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Reem Binsuwaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshaymaa I Elmongy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohand Kareem Razzaq
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sumer, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Mabrouk Attia Abd Eldaim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Sara A Shaker
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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5
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Mussagy CU. Advances in microbial astaxanthin production. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 128:105-120. [PMID: 39059842 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This work explores astaxanthin (AXT), a valuable xanthophyll ketocarotenoid pigment with significant health benefits and diverse applications across various industries. It discusses the prevalence of synthetic AXT, and the development of natural-based alternatives derived from microorganisms such as microalgae, bacteria, and yeast. The chapter examines the potential of microbial AXT production, highlighting the advantages and challenges associated with natural AXT. Key microorganisms like Haematococcus pluvialis, Paracoccus carotinifaciens, and Phaffia rhodozyma are emphasized for their role in commercially producing this valuable ketocarotenoid. The narrative covers the complexities and opportunities in microbial AXT production, from cell structure implications to downstream processing strategies. Additionally, the chapter addresses current applications, commercialization trends, and market dynamics of natural microbial AXT, emphasizing the importance of cost-effective production, regulatory compliance, and technological advancements to reduce the market cost of the final product. As demand for natural microbial-based AXT rises, this chapter envisions a future where research, innovation, and collaboration drive sustainable and competitive microbial AXT production, fostering growth in this dynamic market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile.
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Gu Z, Zhao H, Song Y, Kou Y, Yang W, Li Y, Li X, Ding L, Sun Z, Lin J, Wang Q, Li X, Yang X, Huang X, Yang C, Tong Z. PEGylated-liposomal astaxanthin ameliorates Aβ neurotoxicity and Alzheimer-related phenotypes by scavenging formaldehyde. J Control Release 2024; 366:783-797. [PMID: 38242211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a prevailing type of dementia, presents a significant global health concern. The current therapies do not meet clinical expectations. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) has been found to induce endogenous formaldehyde (FA) accumulation by inactivating FA dehydrogenase (FDH); in turn, excessive FA triggers Aβ aggregation that eventually leads to AD onset. Hence, scavenging FA by astaxanthin (ATX, a strong exogenous antioxidant) may be pursued as a promising disease-modifying approach. Here, we report that liposomal nanoparticles coupled with PEG (PEG-ATX@NPs) could enhance water-solubility of ATX and alleviate cognitive impairments by scavenging FA and reducing Aβ deposition. To enable drug delivery to the brain, liposomes were used to encapsulate ATX and then coupled with PEG, which produced liposomal nanoparticles (PEGATX@NPs) with a diameter of <100 nm. The PEG-ATX@NPs reduced Aβ neurotoxicity by both degrading FA and reducing FA-induced Aβ assembly in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration of PEG-ATX@NPs in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice (APP/PS1, a familial model of AD), not only decreased the levels of brain FA and malondialdehyde (MDA, a typical product of oxidative stress), but also attenuated both intracellular Aβ oligomerization and extracellular Aβ-related senile plaque (SP) formation. These pathological changes were accompanied by rescued ability of spatial learning and memory. Collectively, PEG-ATX@NPs improved the water-solubility, bioavailability, and effectiveness of ATX. Thus, it has the potential to be developed as a safe and effective strategy for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Gu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilan Song
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiduo Kou
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanting Yang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zihui Sun
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China; Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, 437100, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuerong Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Yan T, Ding F, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Zhang G, Zheng X, Jia G, Zhou F, Zhao Y, Zhao Y. Astaxanthin Inhibits H 2O 2-Induced Excessive Mitophagy and Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells by Regulation of Akt/mTOR Activation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:57. [PMID: 38393028 PMCID: PMC10890442 DOI: 10.3390/md22020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which damages cellular components and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, occurs in a variety of human diseases, including neurological disorders. The clearance of damaged mitochondria via mitophagy maintains the normal function of mitochondria and facilitates cell survival. Astaxanthin is an antioxidant known to have neuroprotective effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrated that astaxanthin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and enhancing cell survival. H2O2 treatment significantly reduced the levels of activated Akt and mTOR and induced mitophagy, while pretreatment with astaxanthin prevented H2O2-induced inhibition of Akt and mTOR and attenuated H2O2-induced mitophagy. Moreover, the inhibition of Akt attenuated the protective effect of astaxanthin against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, astaxanthin might inhibit H2O2-induced apoptosis by protecting mitochondrial function and reducing mitophagy. The results also indicate that the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was critical for the protection of astaxanthin against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. The results from the present study suggest that astaxanthin can reduce neuronal oxidative injury and may have the potential to be used for preventing neurotoxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China; (T.Y.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.W.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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8
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Byeon H, An Y, Kim T, Rayamajhi V, Lee J, Shin H, Jung S. Effects of Four Organic Carbon Sources on the Growth and Astaxanthin Accumulation of Haematococcus lacustris. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 38255645 PMCID: PMC10820012 DOI: 10.3390/life14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The microalga Haematococcus lacustris has a complex life cycle and a slow growth rate, hampering its mass cultivation. Culture of microalgae with organic carbon sources can increase the growth rate. Few studies have evaluated the effects of organic carbon sources on H. lacustris. We compared the vegetative and inductive stages of H. lacustris under autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions using four organic carbon sources: sodium acetate, glycerol, sodium gluconate, and ribose, each at various concentrations (0.325, 0.65, 1.3, and 2.6 g/L). The cell density was increased by 1.3 g/L of glycerol in the vegetative stage. The rapid transition to the inductive stage under nitrogen-depletion conditions caused by 1.3 or 2.6 g/L sodium acetate promoted the accumulation of astaxanthin. The production of astaxanthin by H. lacustris in mass culture using organic carbon sources could increase profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijeong Byeon
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
| | - Yunji An
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
| | - Vijay Rayamajhi
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Korea Fisheries Resources Agency East Sea Branch, Samho-ro, Buk-gu, Pohang 37601, Gyungsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWoung Shin
- Department of Biology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; (H.B.)
- AlgaeBio, Inc., Asan 31459, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangMok Jung
- Research Institute for Basic Science, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Liu X, Zhou L, Xie J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Xiao J, Cao Y, Xiao H. Astaxanthin Isomers: A Comprehensive Review of Isomerization Methods and Analytic Techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19920-19934. [PMID: 37924299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of multiple conjugated double bonds and chiral carbon atoms endows astaxanthin with geometric and optical isomers, and these isomers widely exist in biological sources, food processing, and in vivo absorption. However, there remains no systematic summary of astaxanthin isomers regarding isomerization methods and analytic techniques. To address this need, this Review focuses on a comprehensive analysis of Z-isomerization methods of astaxanthin, including solvent system, catalyst, and heat treatment. Comparatively, high-efficiency and health-friendly methods are more conducive to put into practical use, such as food-grade solvents and food-component catalysts. In addition, we outline the recent advances in analysis techniques of astaxanthin isomers, as well as the structural characteristics reflected by various methods (e.g., HPLC, NMR, FTIR, and RS). Furthermore, we summarized the related research on the safety evaluation of astaxanthin isomers. Finally, future trends and barriers in Z-transformation and analysis of astaxanthin isomers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lesong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Junting Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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10
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Wang L, Lu K, Lou X, Zhang S, Song W, Li R, Geng L, Cheng B. Astaxanthin ameliorates dopaminergic neuron damage in paraquat-induced SH-SY5Y cells and mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110762. [PMID: 37708917 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second largest neurodegenerative disorder caused by the decreased number of dopaminergic (DAc) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). There is evidence that oxidative stress can contribute degeneration of DAc neurons in SNpc which is mainly caused by apoptotic cell death. Thus, suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis of DAc neurons is an effective strategy to mitigate the progress of PD. Astaxanthin (AST) is a carotenoid, which mainly exists in marine organisms and is a powerful biological antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of AST on paraquat (PQ) -induced models of PD in vitro and in vivo. Here, we showed that AST significantly enhanced cell survival of SH-SY5Y cells against PQ toxicity by suppressing apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress. Moreover, we found that AST significantly ameliorated PQ-induced behavioral disorders associated with PD in C57BL/6 J mice and the damage to DAc neurons in the SNpc of mice. Lastly, we found that the neuroprotective effects of AST were conducted through inhibiting PQ-induced activation of MAPK signaling. In conclusion, our study indicates that AST had a strong protective effect on PQ-induced oxidative stress and antagonized apoptotic cell death in SH-SY5Y cells and PQ-induced mice PD model, which might provide new insights of AST for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China; Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Kunliang Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xingyue Lou
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Wenxin Song
- Chongqing Sixth People's Hospital, 301 Nancheng Avenue, Nan'an District, 400060 Chongqing, China
| | - Ranran Li
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lujing Geng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Binfeng Cheng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China.
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11
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Kong D, Liu Y, Li L, Wang H, Li K, Zheng G. Astaxanthin ameliorates oxidative stress in lens epithelial cells by regulating GPX4 and ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110684. [PMID: 37648051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death closely associated with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and is characterised by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid species and iron overload. Damage to human lens epithelial cells (LECs) is associated with age-related cataract progression. Astaxanthin (ATX), a carotenoid with natural antioxidant properties, counteracts ferroptosis in the treatment of various degenerative diseases. However, this mechanism has not been reported with respect to cataract treatment. In this study, the differential expression levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in the lens of young and aged mice were analysed. Continuous ATX supplementation for 8 months upregulated GPX4 expression in the mouse LECs and delayed the progression of ferroptosis. Upon treatment with erastin, ROS and malondialdehyde accumulated and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased. At the same time, the expressions of GPX4, SLC7A11, and ferritin were suppressed in human LECs. All of these phenomena were partially reversed by ATX and Fer-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor. This study confirmed that the ATX-mediated targeting of GPX4 might alleviate human LECs damage by inhibiting ferroptosis and ameliorating oxidative stress and that this could represent a promising therapeutic approach for age-related cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqian Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Huajun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
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12
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Mourya M, Khan MJ, Sirotiya V, Ahirwar A, Schoefs B, Marchand J, Varjani S, Vinayak V. Enhancing the biochemical growth of Haematococcus pluvialis by mitigation of broad-spectrum light stress in wastewater cultures. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17611-17620. [PMID: 37313002 PMCID: PMC10258810 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01530k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis were cultivated in wastewater inoculated into low-density polypropylene plastic air pillows (LDPE-PAPs) under a light stress. The cells were irradiated to different light stresses using white LED lights (WLs) as the control, and broad-spectrum lights (BLs) as a test for the period of 32 days. It was observed that the inoculum (70 × 102 mL-1 cells) of H. pluvialis algal cells increased almost 30 and 40 times in WL and BL, respectively, at day 32 coherent to its biomass productivity. Higher lipid concentration of up to 36.85 μg mL-1 was observed in BL irradiated cells compared to 13.215 μg L-1 dry weight of biomass in WL. The chlorophyll 'a' content was 2.6 times greater in BL (3.46 μg mL-1) compared to that in WL (1.32 μg mL-1) with total carotenoids being about 1.5 times greater in BL compared to WL on day 32. The yield of red pigment 'Astaxanthin' was about 27% greater in BL than in WL. The presence, of different carotenoids including astaxanthin was also confirmed by HPLC, whereas fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were confirmed by GC-MS. This study further confirmed that wastewater alongwith with light stress is suitable for the biochemical growth of H. pluvialis with good biomass yield as well as carotenoid accumulation. Additionally there was 46% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) in a far more efficient manner when cultured in recycled LDPE-PAP. Such type of cultivation of H. pluvialis made the overall process economical and suitable for upscaling to produce value-added products such as lipids, pigments, biomass, and biofuel for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Mourya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Mohd J Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
| | - Vandana Sirotiya
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS Le Mans France
| | - Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS Le Mans France
| | - Benoit Schoefs
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS Le Mans France
| | - Justine Marchand
- Metabolism, Bioengineering of Microalgal Metabolism and Applications (MIMMA), Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health and Environment, Le Mans University, IUML - FR 3473 CNRS Le Mans France
| | - Sunita Varjani
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon 999077 Hong Kong
- Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Dehradun-248 007 Uttarakhand India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University Sagar MP 470003 India
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