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Inanan T, Darilmaz DÖNAL, Yeşildal TKARADUMAN, Yüksekdağ Z, Yavuz S. Structural characteristics of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ACS5 exopolysaccharide in association with its antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:136148. [PMID: 39357712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel structure of exopolysaccharide from the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ACS5, isolated from home-made Turkish cheese, is described. After lyophilization, the L-EPS-ACS5 was characterized in production and functional activities in vitro, including antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The physicochemical characterizations of the L-EPS-ACS5 were determined through molecular weight, UV, FTIR, SEM, TGA, HPLC, NMR, methylation, and GC-MS analysis. Strong antioxidant activities of L-EPS-ACS5 were confirmed from the results obtained in the hydroxyl radical, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, superoxide anion radical, total antioxidant activity, and DNA damage protective effect, and also the L-EPS-ACS5 exhibited high antidiabetic activity (60 %). This study isolated L-EPS-ACS5 from a home-made cheese L. rhamnosus strain, demonstrating its novel and enhanced functionalities compared to existing strains. This opens exciting avenues for its development in the fields of biomedicine and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tülden Inanan
- Technical Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey
| | - Derya Ö N A L Darilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey.
| | | | - Zehranur Yüksekdağ
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
| | - Serkan Yavuz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
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Nguyen HT, Pham TT, Nguyen PT, Le-Buanec H, Rabetafika HN, Razafindralambo HL. Advances in Microbial Exopolysaccharides: Present and Future Applications. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1162. [PMID: 39334928 PMCID: PMC11430787 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are receiving growing interest today, owing to their diversity in chemical structure and source, multiple functions, and immense potential applications in many food and non-food industries. Their health-promoting benefits for humans deserve particular attention because of their various biological activities and physiological functions. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of microbial EPSs, covering (1) their chemical and biochemical diversity, including composition, biosynthesis, and bacterial sources belonging mainly to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or probiotics; (2) their technological and analytical aspects, especially their production mode and characterization; (3) their biological and physiological aspects based on their activities and functions; and (4) their current and future uses in medical and pharmaceutical fields, particularly for their prebiotic, anticancer, and immunobiotic properties, as well as their applications in other industrial and agricultural sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen City 880000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, Thu Duc City, HCM City 71308, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Trang Pham
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen City 880000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, Thu Duc City, HCM City 71308, Vietnam
| | - Phu-Tho Nguyen
- Department of Biotechnology, An Giang University, Vietnam National University, 18 Ung Van Khiem, Long Xuyen City 880000, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh, Thu Duc City, HCM City 71308, Vietnam
| | - Hélène Le-Buanec
- INSERM U976-HIPI Hôpital Saint Louis, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | | | - Hary L Razafindralambo
- ProBioLab, 5004 Namur, Belgium
- TERRA Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Avenue de la Faculté 2B, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Cheng X, Du J, Li Z, Zhang W, Zhu L, Jiang J. Comprehensive characterization of hemicelluloses obtained from Gleditsia sinensis Lam. pods and the application of moderately degraded hemicelluloses in galactomannan film. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132733. [PMID: 38821298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The Gleditsia sinensis Lam. pods (GSP) are consistently discarded as waste after saponin extraction due to a lack of industrial or high-value utilization. Herein, the hemicelluloses were extracted from two varieties of GSP and subjected to comprehensive characterization. The molar mass of DMSO-soluble hemicelluloses (53.3-66.0 kDa) was higher compared to that of alkali-soluble ones (24.9-32.6 kDa). The presence of minimal acetyl substitution (3.85-4.49 %) on xylan was unequivocally confirmed. NMR spectroscopic analysis indicated that the hemicelluloses in GSP predominantly consist of a 1,4-β-ᴅ-Xyl backbone with arabinose substituents at O-3 and 4-O-methyl-α-ᴅ-GlcA substituents at O-2 of the xylose residues. p-Coumaric acid substitution also occurred on the 1,4-β-ᴅ-Xyl backbone. Hydrothermal treatment significantly reduced the hemicelluloses' relative molar mass and produced 7-10 % xylo-oligosaccharides. Furthermore, the moderately degraded hemicelluloses exhibited significantly enhanced biological activity. Finally, the incorporation of the moderately degraded hemicelluloses imparted the galactomannan film with exceptional antioxidant properties (81.1 % DPPH scavenging activity), while negligibly affecting its transparency. Our study's findings will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the structural and biochemical properties of hemicellulose in waste G. sinensis pods, thereby facilitating their enhanced utilization in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichuang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing Co-built on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Akhtar N, Wani AK, Sharma NR, Sanami S, Kaleem S, Machfud M, Purbiati T, Sugiono S, Djumali D, Retnaning Prahardini PE, Purwati RD, Supriadi K, Rahayu F. Microbial exopolysaccharides: Unveiling the pharmacological aspects for therapeutic advancements. Carbohydr Res 2024; 539:109118. [PMID: 38643705 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have emerged as a fascinating area of research in the field of pharmacology due to their diverse and potent biological activities. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological properties exhibited by EPSs, shedding light on their potential applications in various therapeutic areas. The review begins by introducing EPSs, exploring their various sources, significance in microbial growth and survival, and their applications across different industries. Subsequently, a thorough examination of the pharmaceutical properties of microbial EPSs unveils their antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antiviral, antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Mechanistic insights into how different EPSs exert these therapeutic effects have also been discussed in this review. The review also provides comprehensive information about the monosaccharide composition, backbone, branches, glycosidic bonds, and molecular weight of pharmacologically active EPSs from various microbial sources. Furthermore, the factors that can affect the pharmacological activities of EPSs and approaches to improve the EPSs' pharmacological activity have also been discussed. In conclusion, this review illuminates the immense pharmaceutical promise of microbial EPS as versatile bioactive compounds with wide-ranging therapeutic applications. By elucidating their structural features, biological activities, and potential applications, this review aims to catalyze further research and development efforts in leveraging the pharmaceutical potential of microbial EPS for the advancement of human health and well-being, while also contributing to sustainable and environmentally friendly practices in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Akhtar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Atif Khurshid Wani
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India.
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Samira Sanami
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaikh Kaleem
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, (144411), Punjab, India
| | - Moch Machfud
- Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Titiek Purbiati
- Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Sugiono Sugiono
- Research Center for Horticulture, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Djumali Djumali
- Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | | | - Rully Dyah Purwati
- Research Center for Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Khojin Supriadi
- Research Center for Food Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
| | - Farida Rahayu
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, (16911), Indonesia
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Zhu Y, Xu W, Feng C, Zhu L, Ji L, Wang K, Jiang J. Study on structure and properties of galactomannan and enzyme changes during fenugreek seeds germination. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121653. [PMID: 38171675 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L) galactomannan play an important role in the food and pharmaceutical sectors due to its attractive physicochemical properties. In this study, the changes of structure, properties and biological activity of fenugreek galactomannan (FG) during germination are analyzed by the activity and mechanism of endogenous enzymes (α-D-galactosidase and β-D-mannanase). The enzymes generally increased during germination and synergistically altered the structure of GM by cutting down the main chains and removing partial side residues. The mannose to galactose ratio (M/G) increased from 1.11 to 1.59, which is accompanied by a drastic decrease in molecular weight from 3.606 × 106 to 0.832 × 106 g/mol, and the drop of viscosity from 0.27 to 0.06 Pa·sn. The degraded macromolecules are attributed to the increase in solubility (from 64.55 % to 88.62 %). In terms of antioxidation and antidiabetic ability, germinated fenugreek galactomannan has the ability to scavenge 67.17 % ABTS free radicals and inhibit 86.89 % α-glucosidase. This galactomannan with low molecular weight and excellent biological activity precisely satisfies the current demands of pharmaceutical reagents and food industry. Seeds germination holds promise as a means of industrial scale production of low molecular weight galactomannans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Chi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Jeewon R, Aullybux AA, Puchooa D, Nazurally N, Alrefaei AF, Zhang Y. Marine Microbial Polysaccharides: An Untapped Resource for Biotechnological Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:420. [PMID: 37504951 PMCID: PMC10381399 DOI: 10.3390/md21070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the largest habitat on Earth, the marine environment harbors various microorganisms of biotechnological potential. Indeed, microbial compounds, especially polysaccharides from marine species, have been attracting much attention for their applications within the medical, pharmaceutical, food, and other industries, with such interest largely stemming from the extensive structural and functional diversity displayed by these natural polymers. At the same time, the extreme conditions within the aquatic ecosystem (e.g., temperature, pH, salinity) may not only induce microorganisms to develop a unique metabolism but may also increase the likelihood of isolating novel polysaccharides with previously unreported characteristics. However, despite their potential, only a few microbial polysaccharides have actually reached the market, with even fewer being of marine origin. Through a synthesis of relevant literature, this review seeks to provide an overview of marine microbial polysaccharides, including their unique characteristics. In particular, their suitability for specific biotechnological applications and recent progress made will be highlighted before discussing the challenges that currently limit their study as well as their potential for wider applications. It is expected that this review will help to guide future research in the field of microbial polysaccharides, especially those of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aadil Ahmad Aullybux
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Daneshwar Puchooa
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Nadeem Nazurally
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Ecology and Natural Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 35 East Qinghua Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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