Sritharan T, Salim AA, Khalil ZG, Capon RJ. Jugiones A-D: Antibacterial Xanthone-Anthraquinone Heterodimers from Australian Soil-Derived
Penicillium shearii CMB-STF067.
Antibiotics (Basel) 2024;
13:97. [PMID:
38247656 PMCID:
PMC10812710 DOI:
10.3390/antibiotics13010097]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Australian roadside soil-derived fungus Penicillium shearii CMB-STF067 was prioritized for chemical investigation based on an SDA cultivation extract exhibiting both antibacterial properties and natural products with unprecedented molecular formulae (GNPS). Subsequent miniaturized 24-well plate cultivation profiling (MATRIX) identified red rice as optimal for the production of the target chemistry, with scaled-up cultivation, extraction and fractionation yielding four new xanthone-anthraquinone heterodimers, jugiones A-D (1-4), whose structures were assigned by detailed spectroscopic analysis and biosynthetic considerations. Of note, where 1-2 and 4 were active against the Gram-positive bacteria vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (IC50 2.6-3.9 μM) and multiple-drug-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (IC50 1.8-6.4 μM), and inactive against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (IC50 > 30 μM), the closely related analog 3 exhibited no antibacterial properties (IC50 > 30 μM). Furthermore, where 1 was cytotoxic to human carcinoma (IC50 9.0-9.8 μM) and fungal (IC50 4.1 μM) cells, 2 and 4 displayed no such cytotoxicity (IC50 > 30 μM), revealing an informative structure activity relationship (SAR). We also extended the SAR study to other known compounds of this heterodimer class, which showed that the modification of ring G can reduce or eliminate the cytotoxicity while retaining the antibacterial activity.
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