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Gartshore CJ, Wang X, Su Y, Molinski TF. Petrosamine Revisited. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Solvatochromism, Tautomerism and Free Energy Landscapes of a Pyridoacridinium Quaternary Salt. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:446. [PMID: 37623727 PMCID: PMC10455967 DOI: 10.3390/md21080446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Petrosamine (1)-a colored pyridoacridine alkaloid from the Belizean sponge, Petrosia sp., that is also a potent inhibitor of acetylcholine esterase (AChE)-was investigated by spectroscopic and computational methods. Analysis of the petrosamine-free energy landscapes, pKa and tautomerism, revealed an accurate electronic depiction of the molecular structure of 1 as the di-keto form, with a net charge of q = +1, rather than a dication (q = +2) under ambient conditions of isolation-purification. The pronounced solvatochromism (UV-vis) reported for 1, and related analogs were investigated in detail and is best explained by charge delocalization and stabilization of the ground state (HOMO) of 1 rather than an equilibrium of competing tautomers. Refinement of the molecular structure 1 by QM methods complements published computational docking studies to define the contact points in the enzyme active site that may improve the design of new AChE inhibitors based on the pyridoacridine alkaloid molecular skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Gartshore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC3568, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.J.G.); (X.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC3568, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.J.G.); (X.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yongxuan Su
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC3568, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.J.G.); (X.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tadeusz F. Molinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC3568, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.J.G.); (X.W.); (Y.S.)
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive MC3568, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Cadelis MM, Copp BR. Marine pyridoacridine, pyridoacridone and pyrroloacridine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2023; 90:97-157. [PMID: 37716797 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The families of pyridoacridine, pyridoacridone, and pyrroloacridine alkaloids are fascinating classes of natural products that have attracted the attention of chemists for over 80 years. Since the first purification of a brightly colored molecule isolated from the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica in 1940, over 110 examples of these alkaloids have been reported from marine organisms. While the paucity of numbers of protons relative to carbons and nitrogens in these molecules presents challenges in structure solution, the chemist is rewarded by their bright pigmented colors and typically diverse biological activities. In the past, several authors have proposed biosynthetic relationships within the pyridoacridine family of alkaloids, formulating a family tree derived from the reaction of dopaminequinone and kynuramine to tie together over 75 alkaloids. Inclusion of two additional quinones, and one homologous diamine, building blocks, for which there is biomimetic synthesis support, is suggestive of a more expansive connected biogenesis that encompasses not only pyridoacridines, but also pyridoacridone, and pyrroloacridine alkaloids. This review covers the isolation, structure elucidation, and proposed biosynthesis and biogenesis of pyridoacridine, pyridoacridone and pyrroloacridine marine alkaloids published to the end of 2022. Biomimetic or bio-inspired syntheses of the compound classes are described and new biological activities reported since 2004 are updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Cadelis
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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3
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Chabowska G, Barg E, Wójcicka A. Biological Activity of Naturally Derived Naphthyridines. Molecules 2021; 26:4324. [PMID: 34299599 PMCID: PMC8306249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine and terrestrial environments are rich sources of various bioactive substances, which have been used by humans since prehistoric times. Nowadays, due to advances in chemical sciences, new substances are still discovered, and their chemical structures and biological properties are constantly explored. Drugs obtained from natural sources are used commonly in medicine, particularly in cancer and infectious diseases treatment. Naphthyridines, isolated mainly from marine organisms and terrestrial plants, represent prominent examples of naturally derived agents. They are a class of heterocyclic compounds containing a fused system of two pyridine rings, possessing six isomers depending on the nitrogen atom's location. In this review, biological activity of naphthyridines obtained from various natural sources was summarized. According to previous studies, the naphthyridine alkaloids displayed multiple activities, i.a., antiinfectious, anticancer, neurological, psychotropic, affecting cardiovascular system, and immune response. Their wide range of activity makes them a fascinating object of research with prospects for use in therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chabowska
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Barg
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Anna Wójcicka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Haider S, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Isolation, Synthesis and Medicinal Significance of Marine Pyridoacridine Alkaloids. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190725093517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoacridine alkaloids, distributed in marine organisms have emerged as an
important class of compounds due to their uniqure chemical architecture, diversity and
medicinal significance. These alkaloids are reported to exhibit a wide array of biological
activities like anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, ant-viral, anti-fungal and anti-parasitic activities.
The present review highlights the isolation, synthesis and medicinal significance of this
important class of pyridoacridine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqlain Haider
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS-38677, United States
| | - Amar G. Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS-38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS-38677, United States
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Ibrahim SRM, Mohamed GA. Marine Pyridoacridine Alkaloids: Biosynthesis and Biological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:37-47. [PMID: 26765351 PMCID: PMC7162015 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoacridines are a class of strictly marine-derived alkaloids that constitute one of the largest chemical families of marine alkaloids. During the last few years, both natural pyridoacridines and their analogues have constituted excellent targets for synthetic works. They have been the subject of intense study due to their significant biological activities; cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, anti-HIV, and anti-parasitic activities. In the present review, 95 pyridoacridine alkaloids isolated from marine organisms are discussed in term of their occurrence, biosynthesis, biological activities, and structural assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah , Al Munawwarah 30078, Saudi Arabia (phone: +966-581-183034; fax:+966-484-75027).
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt, (phone: +20-88-2411330; fax: +20-88-2332776).
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia (phone: +966-597-636182).
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt, (phone: +20-88-2181191; fax: +20-88-2181191).
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Khalil IM, Barker D, Copp BR. Bioinspired Syntheses of the Pyridoacridine Marine Alkaloids Demethyldeoxyamphimedine, Deoxyamphimedine, and Amphimedine. J Org Chem 2015; 81:282-9. [PMID: 26642369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient bioinspired syntheses of the biologically active pyridoacridine marine alkaloids demethyldeoxyamphimedine, deoxyamphimedine, and amphimedine are reported. Reaction of styelsamine D, prepared via an optimized route starting from Boc-dopamine, with paraformaldehyde afforded demethyldeoxyamphimedine and deoxyamphimedine. Oxidation of the latter using either K3[Fe(CN)6] or DMSO/conc. HCl gave amphimedine in 8 steps from tryptamine with an overall yield of 14%. The versatility of the method was demonstrated by the synthesis of non-natural ethyl and benzyl congeners of deoxyamphimedine and amphimedine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman M Khalil
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , 23 Symonds St, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Sandjo LP, Kuete V, Biavatti MW. Pyridinoacridine alkaloids of marine origin: NMR and MS spectral data, synthesis, biosynthesis and biological activity. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1667-99. [PMID: 26664587 PMCID: PMC4660921 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on pyridoacridine-related metabolites as one biologically interesting group of alkaloids identified from marine sources. They are produced by marine sponges, ascidians and tunicates, and they are structurally comprised of four to eight fused rings including heterocycles. Acridine, acridone, dihydroacridine, and quinolone cores are features regularly found in these alkaloid skeletons. The lack of hydrogen atoms next to quaternary carbon atoms for two or three rings makes the chemical shift assignment a difficult task. In this regard, one of the aims of this review is the compilation of previously reported, pyridoacridine (13)C NMR data. Observations have been made on the delocalization of electrons and the presence of some functional groups that lead to changes in the chemical shift of some carbon resonances. The lack of mass spectra information for these alkaloids due to the compactness of their structures is further discussed. Moreover, the biosynthetic pathways of some of these metabolites have been shown since they could inspire biomimetic synthesis. The synthesis routes used to prepare members of these marine alkaloids (as well as their analogues), which are synthesized for biological purposes are also discussed. Pyridoacridines were found to have a large spectrum of bioactivity and this review highlights and compares the pharmacophores that are responsible for the observed bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis P Sandjo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Maique W Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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Petersen IN, Crestey F, Kristensen JL. Total synthesis of ascididemin via anionic cascade ring closure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9092-4. [PMID: 22864261 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34725c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new and convergent synthesis of ascididemin is presented. Using an anionic cascade ring closure as the key step, this natural product is obtained in 45% overall yield in just 6 steps starting from 2'-fluoroacetophenone. This new approach was extended to the synthesis of a new isomer of ascididemin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Nymann Petersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Covering: 2010. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 196. This review covers the literature published in 2010 for marine natural products, with 895 citations (590 for the period January to December 2010) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1003 for 2010), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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