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Li R, Yu H, Li A, Yu C, Li P. Identification and characterization of the key lethal toxin from jellyfish Cyanea nozakii. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123176. [PMID: 36621741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish Cyanea nozakii venom is a complex mixture of various toxins, most of which are proteinous biological macromolecules and are considered to be responsible for clinical symptoms or even death after a severe sting. Previous transcriptome and proteome analysis identified hundreds of toxins in the venom, including hemolysins, C-type lectin, phospholipase A2, potassium channel inhibitor, metalloprotease, etc. However, it is not clear which toxin in the venom plays the most important role in lethality. Herein, we isolated the key lethal toxin (Letoxcn) from jellyfish Cyanea nozakii using anion exchange chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, and cation exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of Letoxcn is ∼50 kDa with the N-terminal sequences of QADAEKVNLPVGVCV. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis of Letoxcn shows that it may have some motifs of phospholipase, metalloproteinase, thrombin-like enzyme, potassium channel toxin, etc. However, only metalloproteinase activity but no hemolytic, PLA2, or blood coagulation activity was observed from in vitro toxicity analysis. Overall, this study uncovered and characterized the key lethal toxin in the venom of jellyfish Cyanea nozakii, which will not only help to reveal the molecule mechanism of the lethality, but also develop effective treatment like antivenom for this jellyfish sting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Huahua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Aoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Biochemical and Toxinological Characterization of Venom from Macrorhynchia philippina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8170252. [PMID: 35620224 PMCID: PMC9129954 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8170252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrorhynchia philippina is a colonial benthic hydroid from the Class Hydrozoa (Phylum Cnidaria) distributed in the tropical and subtropical marine waters from Atlantic Ocean, Indo-Pacific, and Mozambique. Its colonies somewhat resemble plants, causing confusion in the bathers who accidentally touch the animal. Acute burning/local pain, edema, erythema, and pruritus were symptoms already described, but its venom composition is unknown, as well as the participation of toxins for the symptom's development. Thus, herein, we show the biochemical composition and toxic effects of M. philippina venom. Colonies were collected and processed for histological analysis; alternatively, they were immersed into methanol containing 0.1% acetic acid for venom attainment, which was analyzed by mass spectrometry and submitted to edema and nociception evaluation in mice, hemolysis and antimicrobial assays in vitro. Before the molecule's extraction, it was possible to see the inoculation structures (hydrocladiums and hydrotheca) containing venom, which was released after the immersion of the animal in the solvents. The venom was composed mainly by low molecular mass compounds, able to cause significant reduction of the paw withdrawal latency from the hot plate test, 30 minutes after the injection. Moreover, significant edema was observed 10 and 30 minutes after the injection, indicating the activity of at least two inflammatory mediators. The venom caused no hemolytic activity but reduced the growth of A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae strains. This study is the first biochemical description of M. philippina venom, with molecules that cause fast inflammatory and painful effects, characteristic of the envenomation.
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Yang F, Ye R, Ma C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Yang J, Höfer J, Zhu Y, Xiao L, Zhang J, Xu Y. Toxicity evaluation, toxin screening and its intervention of the jellyfish Phacellophora camtschatica based on a combined transcriptome-proteome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 233:113315. [PMID: 35189521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of multi-omics technologies provides a new perspective to solve three main problems including species identification, toxin screening and effective antagonist conformation in the studies of marine toxic jellyfish. METHODS A series of transcriptome-proteome based analysis accompanied with toxicity evaluations were performed for the ornamental jellyfish Phacellophora camtschatica. RESULTS Through combined morphological observation and Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ (CO1) molecular alignment, the sample jellyfish was identified as P. camtschatica. A total of 25,747 unigenes and 3058 proteins were obtained from the successfully constructed transcriptome and proteome, in which 6869 (26.68%) and 6618 (25.70%) unigenes, as well as 2536 (82.93%) and 2844 (93.00%) proteins were annotated against the databases of Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), respectively. The jellyfish displayed obvious in vivo lethal effects with significant increases of multi-organ functional indexes as well as in vitro activities. Total of 62 toxins from 120 toxin-related unigenes were screened including 16 metalloproteases, 11 phospholipases and others. Moreover, 11 toxins were further screened by using the erythrocyte model, where the zinc metalloproteinase nas-15-like (1) was the most abundant. Finally, Diltiazem greatly improved the survival rate while EDTA slightly prolonged the survival time in ICR mice. CONCLUSION P. camtschatica is a poisonous jellyfish with diversified toxic components, in which metalloproteinase probably plays an important role in toxicities, and excessive Ca2+ entry may be the main mechanism of systemic lethal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ruiwei Ye
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yichao Wang
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmei Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jishun Yang
- Medical Insurance Center, Navy Medical Center, Navy Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Juan Höfer
- Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Yina Zhu
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Liang Xiao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yinghe Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou 318000, China.
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Yu C, Li R, Yin X, Yu H, Li P. Synergistic Effect of Proteinase Activity by Purification and Identification of Toxic Protease From Nemopilema nomurai. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:791847. [PMID: 34899353 PMCID: PMC8660593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scyphozoan Nemopilema nomurai envenomation is an unresolved threat to human health in Asian waters. Nemopilema nomurai venom metalloproteinases show important toxicities in skin damage and inflammation, but there is still no purified protein for further studies. In this study, high proteinase activity fractions in tentacle autolysis were isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow, and Superdex 75 chromatography successively. Purification was guided by azocasein hydrolysis activity and SDS-PAGE. The final products were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Four elution peaks purified by Superdex 75 chromatography had multiple protein bands but did not show proteinase activity. These fractions would recover proteinase activity after mixing again. Regulation mechanisms were speculated as binding metalloproteinase regulator or disaggregating metalloproteinase inhibitor by LC-MS/MS analysis. For the first time, a synergistic effect in N. nomurai proteinase activity was found in the purification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujing Yin
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Qingdao, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huahua Yu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Bueno TC, Collaço RDC, Cardoso BA, Bredariol RF, Escobar ML, Cajado IB, Gracia M, Antunes E, Zambelli VO, Picolo G, Cury Y, Morandini AC, Marques AC, Sciani JM, Rocha T. Neurotoxicity of Olindias sambaquiensis and Chiropsalmus quadrumanus extracts in sympathetic nervous system. Toxicon 2021; 199:127-138. [PMID: 34139257 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cnidarians are equipped with nematocysts, which are specialized organelles used to inoculate venom during prey capturing and defense. Their venoms are rich in toxins and a potential source of bioactive compounds, however, poorly explored so far. In this work, the activity of the methanolic extracts from the hydromedusa Olindias sambaquiensis and the cubozoan jellyfish Chiropsalmus quadrumanus were studied in sympathetic neurotransmission. For that, bisected rat vas deferens - a classic model of sympathetic neurotransmission - were incubated with the extracts for further myographic and histopathological analysis. The O. sambaquiensis extract, at 0.1 μg/mL, facilitated the neurogenic contractions of the noradrenergic-rich epididymal portion, while reducing the noradrenaline (NA) potency, which suggests an interaction with postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptors. On the other hand, a higher concentration (1 μg/mL) leads to time- and frequency-dependent blockade of nerve-evoked contractions without significantly changing the response to exogenous NA. In turn, the C. quadrumanus extract at 0.1 μg/mL induced blockade of nerve-evoked noradrenergic contractions while reducing the potency to exogenous NA. Both extracts did not affect the purinergic neurotransmission or induce muscle damages. Our results demonstrate that O. sambaquiensis and C. quadrumanus extracts significantly interfere with the noradrenergic neurotransmission without altering purinergic response or smooth muscle structure on rat vas deferens. Such results bring to light the pharmacological potential of O. sambaquiensis and C. quadrumanus molecules for therapeutics focusing on noradrenergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Cavenatti Bueno
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Collaço
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Aparecida Cardoso
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Fumachi Bredariol
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marília Leal Escobar
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
| | - Isabela Bubenik Cajado
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marta Gracia
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa O Zambelli
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gisele Picolo
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Yara Cury
- Laboratory of Pain and Signaling, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - André C Morandini
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil; Marine Biology Center, University of São Paulo, São Sebastião, 11612-109, Brazil.
| | - Antonio C Marques
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Mozer Sciani
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, São Francisco University (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil.
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Lv Y, Liang H, Li J, Li X, Tang X, Gao S, Zou H, Zhang J, Wang M, Xiao L. Central inhibition prevents the in vivo acute toxicity of harmine in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:289-301. [PMID: 34078836 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harmine is a β-carboline alkaloid that displays antidepressant, antitumor and other pharmacological effects. However, the strong toxic effects limit its clinical application, and should be first considered. PURPOSE To evaluate the in vivo toxicity of harmine and explore intervention strategies against its toxicity. METHODS The in vivo toxicity of harmine was assessed from the symptoms, biochemical indices, and cardiovascular effects in mice. The intervention experiments were performed by using anesthetics, central drugs, and peripheral anticholinergics. RESULTS The acute toxicity of harmine is significantly dose-dependent and the median lethal dose is 26.9 mg/kg in vivo. The typical symptoms include convulsion, tremor, jumping, restlessness, ataxia, opisthotonos, and death; it also changes cardiovascular function. The anesthetics improved the survival rate and abolished the symptoms after harmine poisoning. Two central inhibitors, benzhexol and phenytoin sodium, uniformly improved the survival rates of mice poisoned with harmine. The peripheral anticholinergics didn't show any effects. CONCLUSION Harmine exposure leads to central neurological symptoms, cardiovascular effects and even death through direct inhibition of the central AChE activity, where the death primarily comes from central neurological symptoms and is cooperated by the secondary cardiovascular collapse. Central inhibition prevents the acute toxicity of harmine, and especially rapid gaseous anesthetics such as isoflurane, might have potential application in the treatment of harmine poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, China
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), China
| | - Hongyu Liang
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, China
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), China
| | - Xiuxiu Li
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Songyu Gao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), China
| | - Hao Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), China
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Jellyfish Bioactive Compounds: Methods for Wet-Lab Work. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14040075. [PMID: 27077869 PMCID: PMC4849079 DOI: 10.3390/md14040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of bioactive compounds from marine animals has provided, over time, an endless source of interesting molecules. Jellyfish are commonly targets of study due to their toxic proteins. However, there is a gap in reviewing successful wet-lab methods employed in these animals, which compromises the fast progress in the detection of related biomolecules. Here, we provide a compilation of the most effective wet-lab methodologies for jellyfish venom extraction prior to proteomic analysis-separation, identification and toxicity assays. This includes SDS-PAGE, 2DE, gel chromatography, HPLC, DEAE, LC-MS, MALDI, Western blot, hemolytic assay, antimicrobial assay and protease activity assay. For a more comprehensive approach, jellyfish toxicity studies should further consider transcriptome sequencing. We reviewed such methodologies and other genomic techniques used prior to the deep sequencing of transcripts, including RNA extraction, construction of cDNA libraries and RACE. Overall, we provide an overview of the most promising methods and their successful implementation for optimizing time and effort when studying jellyfish.
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Wang B, Liu D, Liu G, Zhang X, Wang Q, Zheng J, Zhou Y, He Q, Zhang L. Protective effects of batimastat against hemorrhagic injuries in delayed jellyfish envenomation syndrome models. Toxicon 2015; 108:232-9. [PMID: 26546696 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we established delayed jellyfish envenomation syndrome (DJES) models and proposed that the hemorrhagic toxins in jellyfish tentacle extracts (TE) play a significant role in the liver and kidney injuries of the experimental model. Further, we also demonstrated that metalloproteinases are the central toxic components of the jellyfish Cyanea capillata (C. capillata), which may be responsible for the hemorrhagic effects. Thus, metalloproteinase inhibitors appear to be a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of hemorrhagic injuries in DJES. In this study, we examined the metalloproteinase activity of TE from the jellyfish C. capillata using zymography analyses. Our results confirmed that TE possessed a metalloproteinase activity, which was also sensitive to heat. Then, we tested the effect of metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat (BB-94) on TE-induced hemorrhagic injuries in DJES models. Firstly, using SR-based X-ray microangiography, we found that BB-94 significantly improved TE-induced hepatic and renal microvasculature alterations in DJES mouse model. Secondly, under synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT), we also confirmed that BB-94 reduced TE-induced hepatic and renal microvasculature changes in DJES rat model. In addition, being consistent with the imaging results, histopathological and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated UTP end labeling (TUNEL)-like staining observations also clearly corroborated this hypothesis, as BB-94 was highly effective in neutralizing TE-induced extensive hemorrhage and necrosis in DJES rat model. Although it may require further clinical studies in the near future, the current study opens up the possibilities for the use of the metalloproteinase inhibitor, BB-94, in the treatment of multiple organ hemorrhagic injuries in DJES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Wang
- Marine Bio-pharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Marine Bio-pharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Marine Bio-pharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Third Cadet Battalion of Naval Medicine Department, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Marine Bio-pharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiemin Zheng
- Marine Bio-pharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Marine Bio-pharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Marine Bio-pharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Zhang L, He Q, Wang Q, Zhang B, Wang B, Xu F, Wang T, Xiao L, Zhang L. Intracellular Ca(2+) overload induced by extracellular Ca(2+) entry plays an important role in acute heart dysfunction by tentacle extract from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2015; 14:260-74. [PMID: 24563080 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-014-9250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanism of acute heart dysfunction caused by jellyfish venom remains unclear for the moment. In the present study, we examined the problem caused by the tentacle extract (TE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata at the levels of whole animal, isolated heart, primarily cultured cardiomyocytes, and intracellular Ca(2+). The heart indexes, including HR, APs, LVPs, and MMLs, were all decreased significantly by TE in both whole animal and Langendorff-perfused isolated heart model. Imbalance of cardiac oxygen supply and demand also took place. In both Ca(2+)-containing and Ca(2+)-free bathing solutions, TE could cause obvious cytoplasmic Ca(2+) overload in NRVMs, but the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) increased faster, Ca(2+) overload peaks arrived earlier, and the morphological changes were more severe under the extracellular Ca(2+)-containing condition. L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers, as well as the inhibitor of ryanodine receptor (ryanodine), could improve the viability of NRVMs. Moreover, diltiazem significantly inhibited the acute heart dysfunction caused by TE in both Langendorff isolated heart model and whole animal. These results suggested that intracellular Ca(2+) overload induced by extracellular Ca(2+) entry plays an important role in acute heart failure by TE from the jellyfish C. capillata. Inhibition of extracellular Ca(2+) influx is a promising antagonistic alternative for heart damage by jellyfish venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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García-Arredondo A, Rojas-Molina A, Bah M, Ibarra-Alvarado C, Gallegos-Corona MA, García-Servín M. Systemic toxic effects induced by the aqueous extract of the fire coral Millepora complanata and partial purification of thermostable neurotoxins with lethal effects in mice. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 169:55-64. [PMID: 25572857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Millepora complanata is a cnidarian widely distributed in the coral reefs of the Mexican Caribbean. This species is popularly known as "fire coral", since contact with it causes severe pain, skin eruptions and blisters. Intravenous administration of of M. complanata aqueous extract induces violent convulsions and death in mice within 1 min (LD50=4.62µgprotein/g of body weight). Doses less than the LD50 produced histopathological damage in kidneys and lungs. Such histopathological damage was completely eliminated after incubation of the extract in heat denaturing conditions. Unexpectedly, the denatured extract conserved its lethal effect. These findings demonstrated that the extract contained hemolytic and phospholipase activities that might be responsible for the histopathological damage, and additionally it contained other unidentified thermostable toxins with lethal effects in mice. Chromatographic analysis of the extract led to the isolation of a 61 kDa vasoconstrictor protein. Furthermore, several non-peptidic vasoconstrictor fractions were separated. Particularly interesting was the fraction MC1-IIA obtained as a result of three-step chromatography processes (ion exchange, gel filtration and reverse phase). Like the original crude extract, this fraction induced vasoconstriction and delayed hemolysis and lethal effects in mice. A subsequent chromatographic analysis of MC1-IIA showed that this fraction contained at least four non-peptidic compounds. MS and NMR spectroscopic data analyses indicated that these metabolites were poly-oxygenated alkylbenzenes. The present study constitutes the first report of the presence of non-peptidic lethal toxins in an organism of the class Hydrozoa, and evidences the great structural diversity of the toxins produced by the Millepora species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro García-Arredondo
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, México
| | - Alejandra Rojas-Molina
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, México.
| | - Moustapha Bah
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, México
| | - César Ibarra-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Investigación Química y Farmacológica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro 76010, México
| | - Marco Antonio Gallegos-Corona
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76176, México
| | - Martín García-Servín
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro 76201, México
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11
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Badré S. Bioactive toxins from stinging jellyfish. Toxicon 2014; 91:114-25. [PMID: 25286397 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish blooms occur throughout the world. Human contact with a jellyfish induces a local reaction of the skin, which can be painful and leave scaring. Systemic symptoms are also observed and contact with some species is lethal. A number of studies have evaluated the in vitro biological activity of whole jellyfish venom or of purified fractions. Hemolytic, cytotoxic, neurotoxic or enzymatic activities are commonly observed. Some toxins have been purified and characterized. A family of pore forming toxins specific to Medusozoans has been identified. There remains a need for detailed characterization of jellyfish toxins to fully understand the symptoms observed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Badré
- Prevor, Moulin de Verville, 95760 Valmondois, France.
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12
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Li J, Li Q, Li J, Zhou B. Peptides derived from Rhopilema esculentum hydrolysate exhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antioxidant abilities. Molecules 2014; 19:13587-602. [PMID: 25185066 PMCID: PMC6271940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum) was hydrolyzed using alcalase, and two peptides with angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antioxidant activities were purified by ultrafiltration and consecutive chromatographic methods. The amino acid sequences of the two peptides were identified as VKP (342 Da) and VKCFR (651 Da) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The IC50 values of ACE inhibitory activities of the two peptides were 1.3 μM and 34.5 μM, respectively. Molecular docking results suggested that VKP and VKCFR bind to ACE through coordinating with the active site Zn(II) atom. Free radical scavenging activity and protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (RCMEC) injury were used to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the two peptides. As the results clearly showed that the peptides increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activities in RCMEC cells), it is proposed that the R. esculentum peptides exert significant antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic & Consmetic Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic & Consmetic Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Jingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic & Consmetic Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Bei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Plastic & Consmetic Surgery, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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13
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Wang T, He Q, Xiao L, Wang Q, Zhang B, Wang B, Liu G, Zheng J, Yu B, Zhang L. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the cytotoxicity induced by tentacle extract from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata in rat renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells. Toxicon 2013; 74:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Lipid peroxidation is another potential mechanism besides pore-formation underlying hemolysis of tentacle extract from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:67-80. [PMID: 23303301 PMCID: PMC3564158 DOI: 10.3390/md11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to explore other potential mechanisms underlying hemolysis in addition to pore-formation of tentacle extract (TE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. A dose-dependent increase of hemolysis was observed in rat erythrocyte suspensions and the hemolytic activity of TE was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, which was attenuated by Ca2+ channel blockers (Diltiazem, Verapamil and Nifedipine). Direct intracellular Ca2+ increase was observed after TE treatment by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the Ca2+ increase could be depressed by Diltiazem. The osmotic protectant polyethylenglycol (PEG) significantly blocked hemolysis with a molecular mass exceeding 4000 Da. These results support a pore-forming mechanism of TE in the erythrocyte membrane, which is consistent with previous studies by us and other groups. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), an important marker of lipid peroxidation, increased dose-dependently in rat erythrocytes after TE treatment, while in vitro hemolysis of TE was inhibited by the antioxidants ascorbic acid-Vitamin C (Vc)-and reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, in vivo hemolysis and electrolyte change after TE administration could be partly recovered by Vc. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation is another potential mechanism besides pore-formation underlying the hemolysis of TE, and both Ca2+ channel blockers and antioxidants could be useful candidates against the hemolytic activity of jellyfish venoms.
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15
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Multiple organ dysfunction: A delayed envenomation syndrome caused by tentacle extract from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. Toxicon 2013; 61:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Liang X, Beilei W, Ying L, Qianqian W, Sihua L, Yang W, Guoyan L, Jia L, Xuting Y, Liming Z. Cardiovascular effect is independent of hemolytic toxicity of tentacle-only extract from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43096. [PMID: 22905209 PMCID: PMC3419651 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have confirmed that the crude tentacle-only extract (cTOE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata (Cyaneidae) exhibits hemolytic and cardiovascular toxicities simultaneously. So, it is quite difficult to discern the underlying active component responsible for heart injury caused by cTOE. The inactivation of the hemolytic toxicity from cTOE accompanied with a removal of plenty of precipitates would facilitate the separation of cardiovascular component and the investigation of its cardiovascular injury mechanism. In our research, after the treatment of one-step alkaline denaturation followed by twice dialysis, the protein concentration of the treated tentacle-only extract (tTOE) was about 1/3 of cTOE, and SDS-PAGE showed smaller numbers and lower density of protein bands in tTOE. The hemolytic toxicity of tTOE was completely lost while its cardiovascular toxicity was well retained. The observations of cardiac function, histopathology and ultrastructural pathology all support tTOE with significant cardiovascular toxicity. Blood gas indexes and electrolytes changed far less by tTOE than those by cTOE, though still with significant difference from normal. In summary, the cardiovascular toxicity of cTOE can exist independently of the hemolytic toxicity and tTOE can be employed as a better venom sample for further purification and mechanism research on the jellyfish cardiovascular toxic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Beilei
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ying
- School of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Qianqian
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Sihua
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Guoyan
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Jia
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Xuting
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (ZL)
| | - Zhang Liming
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (ZL)
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17
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Direct cardiac toxicity of the tentacle-only extract from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata demonstrated in isolated rat heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 59:331-8. [PMID: 22130107 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318242baa1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the cardiotoxicity is the main reason for rat death caused by tentacle-only extract from jellyfish Cyanea capillata. However, the direct cardiotoxicity in vitro and its mechanisms of toxic action remain unclear. The current studies were performed by using the Langendorff-perfused isolated heart model, which showed a dose-dependent hemodynamic and electrocardiogram changes. Heart injury-related enzymes increased. Histopathological analysis showed early ischemic damage in the myocardium. The Ca channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil led to a marked improvement in recovery of cardiac function, including heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure, positive and negative first derivatives of intraventricular pressure, coronary flow, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and electrocardiogram changes. Tentacle-only extract-induced cardiac dysfunction could be partly improved by the pretreatments of both propranolol and phentolamine, but not by either atropine or neostigmine at all. In conclusion, we have verified the direct cardiotoxicity of tentacle-only extract from jellyfish C. capillata by the Langendorff isolated heart model, which consisted of 3 separate parts: sinoatrial node malfunction, cardiomyocyte injury, and coronary spasm. The potential mechanism might be attributed to the overactivation of L-type Ca channel, β- and α-adrenergic receptors, but not cholinergic receptors.
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