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Visalli G, Longobardi G, Iazzolino AM, D'Angelo M, Stefano VD, Paribello P, Steardo L, Manchia M, Steardo L. The role of affective temperaments in self-care and medication adherence among individuals with bipolar disorder: a moderation analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1443278. [PMID: 39323967 PMCID: PMC11422117 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1443278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Affective temperament, defined as the fundamental predisposition from which normal affective states originate or as the constitutional core of personality, play a crucial role in mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorders. Understanding the relationship between temperaments, treatment adherence, and self-care is crucial for effective management and improved clinical results. Objectives This study aims to (1) assess the correlation between affective temperaments and treatment adherence, (2) investigate the relationship between affective temperaments and self-care abilities, (3) identify predictors of treatment adherence, and (4) explore the moderating effect of self-care on the relationship between treatment adherence and depressive temperament in individuals with bipolar disorder. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 231 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) type I (N=160) and type II (N=71). The participants were evaluated using the following psychometric tools: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, and San Diego (TEMPS) to assess affective temperaments, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) to evaluate social functioning and self-care abilities, and Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) to measure treatment adherence. The study involved statistical analyses to examine correlations, identify predictors, and explore moderating effects. Results The findings revealed significant correlations between affective temperaments and both treatment adherence and self-care abilities. Specifically, hyperthymic temperament was positively associated with higher treatment adherence, whereas cyclothymic and depressive temperaments were linked to lower adherence. Self-care abilities were found to mediate the relationship between depressive temperament and treatment adherence, suggesting that improved self-care can enhance adherence in individuals with depressive temperament. Conclusions Affective temperaments significantly influence treatment adherence and self-care abilities in individuals with bipolar disorder. The mediating role of self-care highlights the importance of developing targeted interventions to improve self-care practices, thereby enhancing treatment adherence and overall well-being. Personalized treatment strategies based on temperament assessments could lead to better clinical outcomes and quality of life for individuals with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Visalli
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Grazia Longobardi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Iazzolino
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina D'Angelo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Stefano
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University Giustino Fortunato, Benevento, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Luca Steardo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Seyed Saeed S, Vaziri Harami R, Samimi Ardestani SM, Dehghani S. Validity and Reliability Assessment of the Complete Persian Version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-Questionnaire in an Iranian Population. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2024; 19:315-326. [PMID: 39055520 PMCID: PMC11267128 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v19i3.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego - Auto-questionnaire (TEMPS-A) assesses five affective temperaments and has been translated into 32 languages. A 35-item short version is available in Persian, but the complete version is not yet translated. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the complete Persian version of the TEMPS-A in an Iranian population. Method : This descriptive study translated the TEMPS-A questionnaire from English to Persian using a standard forward-backward method. The translation was evaluated for face and content validity by 10 psychiatry specialists, with quantitative content validity assessed through content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) calculations. The Persian TEMPS-A was completed twice, with a two-week interval, by 30 individuals out of the 319 medical staff of Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran, Iran, who participated in the study, and its reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. The questionnaire was then distributed to the entire sample (n = 319) for the analysis of temperament frequencies and statistical indices by a statistician. Results: The Persian version of the TEMPS-A, consisting of 110 items across five factors (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable, and anxious), demonstrated excellent reliability with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.910, 0.909, 0.911, 0.910, and 0.909, respectively. The questions related to cyclothymic and hyperthymic temperaments exhibited the highest and lowest correlation coefficients with the general scale, respectively. Most subscales in the Persian TEMPS-A version showed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.28 to 0.68. An ANOVA with Cochrane's test revealed a significant difference in the mean scores of the questionnaire items (P < 0.001), with a grand mean score of 1.73 across all questions. Conclusion: The Persian version of the TEMPS-A, consisting of 110 items, showed good internal consistency and a strong correlation with the original version. This suggests that it is suitable for use in temperament studies among the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Seyed Saeed
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Vaziri Harami
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Dehghani
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dempsey RC, Dodd AL, Gooding PA, Jones SH. The Types of Psychosocial Factors Associated with Suicidality Outcomes for People Living with Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:525. [PMID: 38791740 PMCID: PMC11120682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar Disorder is associated with high rates of suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and outcomes, yet the lived experience of suicidality and Bipolar Disorder is not particularly well understood. Understanding the role of psychosocial aetiologies in suicidality outcomes for those living with Bipolar Disorder is key for developing appropriately targeted interventions focusing on factors that are amenable to change. In line with PRISMA guidance, we conducted a scoping review to identify the types of psychosocial factors studied in relation to the experience of suicidality for people living with Bipolar Disorder diagnoses. Systematic literature searches identified a sample of 166 articles from which key study data were extracted and charted. A narrative synthesis of the reviewed literature is presented ordered by the factors investigated across studies, a frequency count of the types of psychological/social aetiologies studied, and a brief overview of the key findings for each aetiology. Most of the identified literature took the form of quantitative cross-sectional studies, with only one qualitative study and 18 quantitative prospective studies. The most studied aetiologies were trauma (specifically early adverse experiences and childhood traumas) and stressful life events, impulsivity (primarily subjective self-reported trait impulsivity), social support and functioning, and personality/temperament factors. Only six studies in the final sample reported basing their research questions and/or hypotheses on an explicit theoretical model of suicide. The literature was primarily focused on using self-report measurements of key aetiologies and on factors which lead to worsened suicidality rather than focusing on potentially protective or buffering factors. Future research needs to better justify the aetiologies investigated in relation to suicidality outcomes for people living with Bipolar Disorder, including a firmer basis in theory and hypothesis testing, more prospective designs, and the use of alternative assessments of psychosocial aetiologies in addition to self-report questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Dempsey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | - Alyson L. Dodd
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Patricia A. Gooding
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Steven H. Jones
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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Fico G, Janiri D, Pinna M, Sagué-Vilavella M, Gimenez Palomo A, Oliva V, De Prisco M, Cortez PG, Anmella G, Gonda X, Sani G, Tondo L, Vieta E, Murru A. Affective temperaments mediate aggressive dimensions in bipolar disorders: A cluster analysis from a large, cross-sectional, international study. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:327-335. [PMID: 36470551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective temperaments show potential for aggressive behavior (AB) preventive strategies in bipolar disorder (BD). We aim to define intra-diagnostic subgroups of patients with BD based on homogeneous behaviors related to AB. Subsequently, to assess whether affective temperament dimensions may contribute to the presence and severity of AB. METHODS Patients with BD were recruited. AB was evaluated through the modified overt aggression scale (MOAS); affective temperaments were assessed with the TEMPS-A. A cluster analysis was conducted based on TEMPS-A and MOAS scores. Stepwise backward logistic regression models were used to identify the predictive factors of cluster membership. RESULTS 799 patients with BD were enrolled. Three clusters were determined: non-aggressive (55.5 %), self-aggressive (18 %), and hetero-aggressive (26.5 %). Depressive, irritable, and anxious temperament scores significantly increased from the non-aggressive (lower) to the self-aggressive (intermediate) and the hetero-aggressive group (highest). A positive history of a suicide attempt (B = 5.131; OR = 169.2, 95 % CI 75.9; 377) and rapid cycling (B = -0.97; OR = 0.40, 95 % CI 0.17; 0.95) predicted self-aggressive cluster membership. Atypical antipsychotics (B = 1.19; OR = 3.28, 95 % CI 2.13; 5.06) or SNRI treatment (B = 1.09; OR = 3, 95 % CI 1.57; 5.71), psychotic symptoms (B = 0.73; OR = 2.09, 95 % CI 1.34; 3.26), and history of a suicide attempt (B = -1.56; OR = 0.20, 95 % CI 0.11; 0.38) predicted hetero-aggressive cluster membership. LIMITATIONS Recall bias might have affected the recollection of AB. CONCLUSIONS Clinical factors orientate the prevention of different ABs in BD. Affective temperaments might play a role in preventing AB since patients with more pronounced affective temperaments might have an increased risk of showing AB, in particular hetero-AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Fico
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), p. de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Pinna
- Lucio Bini Mood Disorders Center, Cagliari, Italy; Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Sagué-Vilavella
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), p. de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Gimenez Palomo
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), p. de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Oliva
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pablo Guzmán Cortez
- Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Psychiatry and Psychology Service, Grup Recerca Addiccions Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), p. de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Russia
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Hearth, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tondo
- Lucio Bini Mood Disorders Center, Cagliari, Italy; Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy; McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), p. de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Murru
- Departament de Medicina, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova, 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospìtal Clinic de Barcelona, c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), p. de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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The Impact of Affective Temperaments on Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors: Results from an Observational Multicentric Study on Patients with Mood Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010117. [PMID: 36672098 PMCID: PMC9856472 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide ideation and behaviors are major health issues in the field of mental health. Several psychological and psychosocial factors have been taken into account as possible predictors of suicidality. Only recently affective temperaments have been considered as possible factors linked to suicide. This study aims to investigate the relationship between affective temperaments and suicidality, including the lifetime onset of suicide ideation, lifetime presence of suicide attempts and the total number of lifetime suicide attempts. This is a naturalistic multicentric observational study, involving outpatient units of seven University sites in Italy. Patients were administered with the short version of TEMPS-M and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. A total of 653 participants were recruited, with a diagnosis of bipolar (55.7%), unipolar (35.8%) and cyclothymic disorder (8.4%). Regression models showed that the presence of lifetime suicide behaviors was increased in patients presenting trait related impulsivity (p < 0.0001), poor free-interval functioning (p < 0.05), higher number of affective episodes (p < 0.01), higher number of hospitalizations (p < 0.0001), cyclothymic and irritable affective temperaments (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). Conversely, the presence of hyperthymic affective disposition reduced the likelihood of having suicidal behaviors (p < 0.01). Lifetime suicidal ideation was associated with trait-related impulsivity (p < 0.001), poor free-interval functioning (p < 0.05), higher number of affective episodes (p < 0.001) and of hospitalizations (p < 0.001). Depressive temperaments increased the likelihood of presenting suicidal ideation (p < 0.05), along with irritable temperaments (p < 0.01), contrary to hyperthymic affective (p < 0.05). Results of the present study confirm that affective disposition has a significant impact on the onset of suicidal ideation and behaviors, and that affective dispositions should be assessed in clinical settings to identify people at risk of suicide. Moreover, a wider clinical evaluation, including different clinical psychopathological dimensions, should be taken into consideration to develop effective preventive interventions.
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Yu H, Yoon J, Lee CW, Park JY, Jang Y, Park YS, Ryoo HA, Cho N, Oh S, Kim W, Woo JM, Kang HS, Ha TH, Myung W. Korean Validation of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:729-737. [PMID: 36202108 PMCID: PMC9536880 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) has been validated in more than 30 languages and is noted for its broad application in research and clinical settings. This study presents the first attempt to examine the reliability and validity of the TEMPS-A in Korea. METHODS A total of 540 non-clinical participants completed the Korean TEMPS-A, which was adapted from the original English version via a comprehensive translation procedure. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α, and associations between temperaments were examined using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed, and differences in TEMPS-A scores between the gender- and age-based groups were examined using Kruskal-Wallis analysis. RESULTS The Korean TEMPS-A exhibited excellent internal consistency (0.70-0.91) and significant correlations between subscales. EFA resulted in a two-factor structure: Factor I (depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious) and Factor II (hyperthymic). Gender and age group differences were observed. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggest that TEMPS-A is a reliable and valid measure of affective temperaments for the Korean population. This study opens new possibilities for further research on affective temperaments and their related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeona Yu
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjeong Jang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seong Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A Ryoo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Cho
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghee Oh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Seoul Mental Health Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Shin Kang
- Department of Psychology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyon Ha
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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A Feasibility Study of the Usefulness of the TEMPS-A Scale in Assessing Affective Temperament in Athletes. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020195. [PMID: 35208519 PMCID: PMC8876331 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Current studies show an important role of affective temperament in sport performance. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the use of the TEMPS-A scale, by using it to examine five dimensions of affective temperament in three groups of athletes. We hypothesized that temperament may be a predisposing factor to the level of commitment and type of training. Materials and methods: The study group (N:71, 33 female) consisted of professional canoeists (N:25, aged 18–30), sports pilots (N:21, aged 19–57) and non-professionals regularly performing aerobic exercises (N:25, aged 23–33). The Affective Temperament of Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) was used to evaluate affective temperament dimensions. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests. Results: The TEMPS_A scale shows good internal consistency; a hyperthymic temperament was associated with different factors compared to other temperament traits. The most prevalent trait in the study group was hyperthymic temperament. The study group scored higher on hyperthymic and lower on depressive and anxious temperaments when compared with the general population. Canoeists scored higher on cyclothymic temperament compared with non-professional athletes and on cyclothymic and irritable dimensions in comparison with pilots. Pilots obtained significantly lower scores on irritable and anxious temperaments than non-professional athletes. Females scored higher on both hyperthymic and irritable dimensions. No significant differences were found in respect of depressive, cyclothymic and anxious traits. Age was negatively correlated with cyclothymic and irritable temperament scores. Conclusions: TEMPS-A scale is a useful tool for assessing affective temperament in athletes. The results suggest that affective temperament may be a factor influencing physical activity engagement. Different types of activities may be connected with different temperament dimensions. Younger athletes present a higher tendency to mood lability and sensitivity to environmental factors. However, further research is needed, involving larger numbers of subjects.
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Jaracz M, Bialczyk K, Ochocinski A, Szwed M, Jaracz K, Borkowska A. Contributions of Affective Temperament Traits to Professional Choice: Evidence from the Study of Firefighters, Musicians, Athletes, Bank Managers, Nurses and Paramedics. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:827-834. [PMID: 34188564 PMCID: PMC8235928 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s313191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to expand knowledge about the relationship between temperament and choice of profession by comparing temperaments among representatives of various professional groups. Subjects and Methods A total of 759 subjects aged 18-71, representatives of six professional groups: firefighters, musicians, athletes, bank managers, nurses and paramedics, were included in the study. Temperament was assessed using the TEMPS-A autoquestionnaire. Results Musicians showed higher levels of depressive and anxious temperaments whereas firefighters were lower on cyclothymic dimension. Athletes, bank managers and paramedics showed higher intensity of hyperthymic temperament compared to firefighters, musicians and nurses. Athletes showed lower of depressive temperament compared to bankers, musicians and nurses. Bankers obtained lower results of irritable temperament compared to musicians, athletes and nurses. Nurses showed a higher intensity of anxious temperament compared to firefighters, athletes and paramedics. Conclusion The results obtained support the concept of adaptive and socially useful role of affective temperaments. The studied professional groups show different individual temperamental profiles, which is justified in such aspects of the profession, as the level of stimulation, stress encountered, the necessity of making important decisions, or entering into relationship with the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jaracz
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialczyk
- Department of Health Economics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Ochocinski
- Department of Physiotherapy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szwed
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jaracz
- Department of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Borkowska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Perrini F, Matrone M, de Bartolomeis A, Montano A, Amici E, Callovini G, Cuomo I, de Persis S, Lombardozzi G, Battagliese G, Porrari R, Kotzalidis GD, De Filippis S. Developmental trajectories in psychiatric disorders: does substance/alcohol use moderate the effects of affective temperaments as moderators of age at onset? A study in post-acute, hospitalized patients with psychotic or DSM-5 bipolar or major depressive disorders. J Addict Dis 2021; 39:373-387. [PMID: 33587024 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1886568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-at-onset (AAO) affects psychiatric disorder outcome; substance (SUDs) or alcohol use disorders (AUDs) may influence their onset. Affective temperaments may affect early AAO and drug-use proneness. Objectives: To investigate whether SUD/AUD moderated temperamental effects in determining AAO of mental disorders. Methods: We included 300 post-acute inpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum and other psychotic (SSOPDs), major depressive (MDD) or bipolar (BD) disorders (168 men; mean age, 40.63 years ± 11.82 men, 43.21 years ± 12.69 women) with (N = 110) or without (N = 190) SUD/AUD. Patients completed cross-sectionally TEMPS-A. We carried moderation analysis with each regression-significant TEMPS temperament as independent variable, SUD/AUD presence/absence as dichotomous moderator, and AAO as dependent variable. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: AAO was lower in patients with SUD/AUD diagnosis than in patients without (23.74 ± 10.09 vs. 27.73 ± 10.35, respectively, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.034). SUD/AUD patients scored higher on the hyperthymic (10.22 ± 4.08, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.069) and irritable (8.26 ± 4.69, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.026) temperaments than nonSUD/AUD patients. Moderation analysis showed only direct effects of irritable (β = -0.55, p < 0.005) and hyperthymic (β = -0.95, p < 0.001) temperaments on AAO and no significant SUD/AUD and interaction effects. Limitations. Cross-sectional design. Conclusions: When irritable and hyperthymic traits prevail over other temperaments, AAO is earlier in SSOPDs, MDD, and BD. SUD/AUD presence/absence does not moderate the relationship between temperament and AAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Perrini
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Genzano di Roma, Italy.,Istituto A.T. Beck-Diagnostic Centre, Research and Training in Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Matrone
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Genzano di Roma, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Montano
- Istituto A.T. Beck-Diagnostic Centre, Research and Training in Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Amici
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Genzano di Roma, Italy
| | - Gemma Callovini
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Genzano di Roma, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, ASL Rieti, Rieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cuomo
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Genzano di Roma, Italy.,Istituto Penitenziario Regina Coeli, ASL RM1, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gemma Battagliese
- Centro di Riferimento Alcologico della Regione Lazio, RM1, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Porrari
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Genzano di Roma, Italy.,Centro di Riferimento Alcologico della Regione Lazio, RM1, Rome, Italy
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- Von Siebenthal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Genzano di Roma, Italy.,NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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10
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Yang JH, Rhee SJ, Park CHK, Kim MJ, Shin D, Lee JW, Kim J, Kim H, Lee HJ, Ha K, Ahn YM. Self-Transcendence Mediates the Relationship between Early Trauma and Fatal Methods of Suicide Attempts. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e39. [PMID: 33527782 PMCID: PMC7850863 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early trauma is known to be a risk factor of suicide-related behavior. On the other hand, people who attempt suicide using a fatal method are reported to be more likely to complete suicide. In this study, we assumed that early trauma affects an individual's temperament and character and thereby increases the risk of a fatal method of suicide attempts. METHODS We analyzed 92 people with a history of previous suicide attempts. We compared the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised scores between the groups with and without early trauma, and between the groups with and without a history of suicide attempt using fatal methods through an analysis of covariance with age, sex, and presence of a psychiatric history as covariates. A mediation analysis was conducted of the relationship between early trauma and fatal methods of suicide attempt with self-transcendence as a mediator. RESULTS Higher self-transcendence was reported in the fatal group (27.71 ± 13.78 vs. 20.97 ± 12.27, P = 0.010) and the early trauma group (28.05 ± 14.30 vs. 19.43 ± 10.73, P = 0.001), respectively. The mediation model showed that self-transcendence mediates the relationship between early trauma and fatal methods of suicide attempt. The 95% confidence intervals for the direct and indirect effect were (-0.559, 1.390) and (0.026, 0.947), respectively. CONCLUSION Self-transcendence may mediate the relationship between early trauma and fatal methods of suicide attempt. Self-transcendence may be associated with unhealthy defenses and suicidal behavior for self-punishment and may constitute a marker of higher suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hun Yang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Rhee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Min Ji Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daun Shin
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Min Ahn
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Luciano M, Steardo L, Sampogna G, Caivano V, Ciampi C, Del Vecchio V, Di Cerbo A, Giallonardo V, Zinno F, De Fazio P, Fiorillo A. Affective Temperaments and Illness Severity in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2021; 57:medicina57010054. [PMID: 33435391 PMCID: PMC7826695 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most burdensome psychiatric illnesses, being associated with a negative long-term outcome and the highest suicide rate. Although affective temperaments can impact on BD long-term outcome, their role remains poorly investigated. The aims of the present study are to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with BD more frequently associated with the different affective temperaments and to assess the relation between affective temperaments and severity of clinical picture in a sample of patients with BD. Materials and Methods: A total of 199 patients have been recruited in the outpatients units of two university sites. Patients’ psychiatric symptoms, affective temperaments, and quality of life were investigated through validated assessment instruments. Results: Predominant cyclothymic and irritable temperaments are associated to higher number of relapses, poorer quality of life, higher rates of aggressive behaviors, and suicide attempts. Conversely, the predominant hyperthymic disposition was a protective factor for several outcome measures, including relapse rate, severity of anxiety, depressive and manic symptoms, suicidality, and earlier age at onset. One limitation of the present study is that the recruitment took place in two university sites; therefore, our findings cannot be fully generalized to the whole community of BD patients. Other limitations are the lack of a control group and the cross-sectional design of the study. Conclusions: The early identification of affective temperaments can help clinicians to identify those BD patients who are more likely to show a poor long-term outcome. An early screening of affective temperaments can be useful to develop targeted integrated pharmacological and psychosocial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815666516 or +39-3490730150
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Vito Caivano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Carmen Ciampi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Arcangelo Di Cerbo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Giallonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesca Zinno
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Pasquale De Fazio
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80132 Naples, Italy; (L.S.J.); (G.S.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (V.D.V.); (A.D.C.); (V.G.); (F.Z.); (A.F.)
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12
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Sampogna G, Del Vecchio V, Giallonardo V, Luciano M, Fiorillo A. Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Therapeutic Implications of Agitated Depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2020; 43:47-57. [PMID: 32008687 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Agitated "unipolar" depression is a clinical entity characterized by excitement together with depressed mood during the same episode. The clinical picture of agitated "unipolar" depression is characterized by a depressed and anxious mood with inner, psychic agitation, whereas motor agitation may or may not be present. Some investigators have conceptualized this disorder as a mixed affective state, laying on the bipolar disorder spectrum, but controversies still persist. The diagnosis of agitated "unipolar" depression has important prognostic and therapeutic implications, with many clinicians reporting difficulties to adequately diagnose and treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, Naples 80138, Italy.
| | - Valeria Del Vecchio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Giallonardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, Naples 80138, Italy
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