1
|
Gad MM, Abualsaud R. Effect of repair and surface treatments on the strength of digitally fabricated resin-based dental prostheses: A systematic review of in vitro studies. J Dent 2024; 141:104806. [PMID: 38154701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review investigated the current literature pertaining to the repairability of computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled and three-dimensional (3D) printed resin-based dental prostheses (RBDPs) as well as the appropriate surface treatment for each repair material that will produce adequate repair bond strength. DATA/SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for published articles involving repair of CAD-CAM RBDPs between January 2010 and June 2023. Data were collected and analyzed to reveal the surface treatment effects, suggested repair materials, and strength of repaired RBDPs. STUDY SELECTION Out of 164 retrieved titles, 11 studies were included, of which five investigated the repair of 3D-printed RBDPs, three investigated the repair of CAD-CAM milled resins, and three investigated both materials. Additionally, of the included studies, seven investigated denture base resins, three studied provisional restoration resins, and one evaluated 3D-printed intraoral splints. Various surface treatments were suggested, with air-abrasive methods being the most commonly used. Different materials for resin repair were proposed and used, including auto-polymerized, reline, and composite resins. For 3D-printed resins, repair with Bis-acrylic/Bis-GMA composites improved repair strength. CONCLUSION Surface treatments positively affected the repair strength of conventional and milled RBDPs. However, challenges remain relevant to the repair of 3D-printed resins owing to composition mismatches and fabrication techniques. Therefore, further investigation is required to develop new 3D-printed resins. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE CAD-CAM milled resins have satisfactory repair strength, which increases with surface treatment. The repair of 3D-printed resins has proven challenging even with surface treatments. However, composite resins are the materials of choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Associate Professor, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le Bars P, Bandiaky ON, Le Guéhennec L, Clouet R, Kouadio AA. Different Polymers for the Base of Removable Dentures? Part I: A Narrative Review of Mechanical and Physical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3495. [PMID: 37688123 PMCID: PMC10490543 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Even before considering their introduction into the mouth, the choice of materials for the optimization of the prosthesis depends on specific parameters such as their biocompatibility, solidity, resistance, and longevity. In the first part of this two-part review, we approach the various mechanical characteristics that affect this choice, which are closely related to the manufacturing process. Among the materials currently available, it is mainly polymers that are suitable for this use in this field. Historically, the most widely used polymer has been polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), but more recently, polyamides (nylon) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) have provided interesting advantages. The incorporation of certain molecules into these polymers will lead to modifications aimed at improving the mechanical properties of the prosthetic bases. In the second part of the review, the safety aspects of prostheses in the oral ecosystem (fragility of the undercuts of soft/hard tissues, neutral pH of saliva, and stability of the microbiota) are addressed. The microbial colonization of the prosthesis, in relation to the composition of the material used and its surface conditions (roughness, hydrophilicity), is of primary importance. Whatever the material and manufacturing process chosen, the coating or finishes dependent on the surface condition remain essential (polishing, non-stick coating) for limiting microbial colonization. The objective of this narrative review is to compile an inventory of the mechanical and physical properties as well as the clinical conditions likely to guide the choice between polymers for the base of removable prostheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Le Bars
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (L.L.G.); (R.C.); (A.A.K.)
- Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, Nantes Université, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Octave Nadile Bandiaky
- Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, Nantes Université, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Laurent Le Guéhennec
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (L.L.G.); (R.C.); (A.A.K.)
- Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, Nantes Université, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Roselyne Clouet
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (L.L.G.); (R.C.); (A.A.K.)
- Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, Nantes Université, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France;
| | - Alain Ayepa Kouadio
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes University, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042 Nantes, France; (L.L.G.); (R.C.); (A.A.K.)
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University Hospital Center, Abidjan P.O. Box 612, Côte d’Ivoire
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zinc-modified phosphate-based glass micro-filler improves Candida albicans resistance of auto-polymerized acrylic resin without altering mechanical performance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19456. [PMID: 36376540 PMCID: PMC9663707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization of auto-polymerized acrylic resin by pathogenic Candida albicans is a common problem for denture users. In this study, zinc-modified phosphate-based glass was introduced into an auto-polymerized acrylic resin at concentrations of 3, 5, and 7 wt.%. The mechanical or physical properties (flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, and contact angle), surface morphology of the resultant materials, and the antimicrobial effect on C. albicans were investigated. There were no statistical differences in the mechanical properties between the control and the zinc-modified phosphate-based glass samples (p > 0.05); however, the number of C. albicans colony-forming units was significantly lower in the control group (p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that C. albicans tended not to adhere to the zinc-modified-phosphate-based glass samples. Thus, the zinc-modified materials retained the advantageous mechanical properties of unaltered acrylic resins, while simultaneously exhibiting a strong antimicrobial effect in vitro.
Collapse
|
4
|
Viotto HEDC, Silva MDD, Nunes TSBS, Coelho SRG, Pero AC. Effect of repair methods and materials on the flexural strength of 3D-printed denture base resin. J Adv Prosthodont 2022; 14:305-314. [PMID: 36452364 PMCID: PMC9672696 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2022.14.5.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of a 3D-printed denture base resin (Cosmos Denture), after different immediate repair techniques with surface treatments and thermocycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rectangular 3D-printed denture base resin (Cosmos Denture) specimens (N = 130) were thermocycled (5,000 cycles, 5℃ and 55℃) before and after the different repair techniques (n = 10 per group) using an autopolymerized acrylic resin (Jet, J) or a hard relining resin (Soft Confort, SC), and different surface treatments: Jet resin monomer for 180 s (MMA), blasting with aluminum oxide (JAT) or erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser (L). The control group were intact specimens. A three-point flexural strength test was performed, and data (MPa) were analyzed by ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc test (α = 0.05). Each failure was observed and classified through stereomicroscope images and the surface treatments were viewed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS Control group showed the highest mean of flexural strength, statistically different from the other groups (P < .001), followed by MMA+J group. The groups with L treatment were statistically similar to the MMA groups (P > .05). The JAT+J group was better than the SC and JAT+SC groups (P < .05), but similar to the other groups (P > .05). Adhesive failures were most observed in JAT groups, especially when repaired with SC. The SEM images showed surface changes for all treatments, except JAT alone. CONCLUSION Denture bases fabricated with 3D-printed resin should be preferably repaired with MMA+J. SC and JAT+SC showed the worst results. Blasting impaired the adhesion of the SC resin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamile Emanuella do Carmo Viotto
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Dantas Dias Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Soares Bezerra Santos Nunes
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Romão Gonçalves Coelho
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Pero
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaur H, Nanda A, Datta K. Influence of Thermocycling and Surface Treatments on the Flexural Strength of Denture Base Resin: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:788-792. [PMID: 37283012 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flexural strength of heat polymerized denture base resin after thermocycling and different surface treatments done prior to repair or relining. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, 80 specimens were made with heat-polymerized denture base resin and thermocycled (500 cycles between 5 and 55 °C). The specimens were divided in four groups based on different types of surface treatment: group I (control group: without surface treatment), group II (chloroform for 30 seconds), group III [methyl methacrylate (MMA) for 180 seconds], and group IV (dichloromethane for 15 seconds). The flexural strength was assessed using a Universal testing machine with three-point bending test. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests. RESULTS The values of average flexural strength of denture base resin measured were as follows: group I: 111.1 MPa, group II: 86.9 MPa, group III: 73.1 MPa, and group IV: 78.8 MPa. Groups II and IV possessed superior flexural strength than group III. The maximum values were observed with the control group. CONCLUSION The flexural strength of heat-polymerized denture base resin gets affected by different surface treatments done prior to relining procedures. Lowest flexural strength was obtained when treated with MMA monomer for 180 seconds as compared to the other etchants used. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Prior to denture repair procedures, operators must choose the chemical surface treatment judiciously. It should not affect the mechanical properties such as flexural strength of denture base resins. Reduction in flexural strength of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base can predispose the prosthesis to deteriorated performance when in function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Prosthodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India, Phone: +91 7838408622, e-mail:
| | - Aditi Nanda
- Department of Prosthodontics, Centre for Dental Education & Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Kusum Datta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Punjab Govt Dental College and Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Neshandar Asli H, Rahimabadi S, Babaee Hemmati Y, Falahchai M. Effect of different surface treatments on surface roughness and flexural strength of repaired 3D-printed denture base: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:595.e1-595.e8. [PMID: 34366117 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Information regarding three-dimensional-printed (3D-printed) dentures, especially when using the additive manufacturing technique, and the repair strength of this type of denture is sparse. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of different surface treatments on the surface roughness and flexural strength of repaired 3D-printed denture base. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and twenty 3D-printed bar-shaped specimens were fabricated from acrylic resin and divided into 6 groups (n=20). The positive control group consisted of intact specimens. The other specimens were sectioned in half with a 1-mm gap. Except for the specimens in the negative control group, the remaining specimens were treated with erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, airborne-particle abrasion, a combination of laser and airborne-particle abrasion, and bur grinding. All sectioned specimens were repaired by autopolymerizing acrylic resin and thermocycled after measuring their surface roughness with a profilometer. The flexural strength test was performed with a universal testing machine. One specimen of each group was inspected under a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed with ANOVA, followed by the Games-Howell post hoc test or the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS The mean flexural strength of the PC group was significantly higher than that of all repaired groups (P<.001). All surface-treated groups showed significantly higher flexural strength (P<.05) and surface roughness (P<.004) than the negative control group. Bur grinding provided significantly higher flexural strength than other surface treatments (P<.001) and higher surface roughness than laser and airborne-particle abrasion plus laser (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS All surface treatments significantly increased the surface roughness and flexural strength, but none of them yielded a strength comparable with that of the intact group. Bur grinding provided the highest flexural strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Neshandar Asli
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samiye Rahimabadi
- General Practitioner, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Yasamin Babaee Hemmati
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehran Falahchai
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Sciences Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zafar MS. Prosthodontic Applications of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): An Update. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2299. [PMID: 33049984 PMCID: PMC7599472 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of polymers are commonly used for various applications in prosthodontics. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used for prosthetic dental applications, including the fabrication of artificial teeth, denture bases, dentures, obturators, orthodontic retainers, temporary or provisional crowns, and for the repair of dental prostheses. Additional dental applications of PMMA include occlusal splints, printed or milled casts, dies for treatment planning, and the embedding of tooth specimens for research purposes. The unique properties of PMMA, such as its low density, aesthetics, cost-effectiveness, ease of manipulation, and tailorable physical and mechanical properties, make it a suitable and popular biomaterial for these dental applications. To further improve the properties (thermal properties, water sorption, solubility, impact strength, flexural strength) of PMMA, several chemical modifications and mechanical reinforcement techniques using various types of fibers, nanoparticles, and nanotubes have been reported recently. The present article comprehensively reviews various aspects and properties of PMMA biomaterials, mainly for prosthodontic applications. In addition, recent updates and modifications to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of PMMA are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|