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Zhao L, Zhou Y, Ding J, Qin Z, Zhou H, Jing X. Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma: case report and systematic review of the literature. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1229936. [PMID: 38239651 PMCID: PMC10795173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1229936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare, and only a few dozen cases have been reported to date. It can barely be diagnosed before histopathological examination, which necessitates the exclusion of metastatic tumors. In this case, we present a 60-year-old female patient with no comorbidity. As laboratory tests and imaging examinations were not diagnostic, ultrasonography (US)-guided liver biopsy was performed and eventually revealed a definitive pathological diagnosis of hepatic SCC. After excluding metastasis, the diagnosis of primary hepatic SCC was established, and then chemotherapy and immunotherapy were performed. Additionally, a comprehensive literature search was conducted on primary hepatic SCC using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and a total of 53 articles were retrieved with a time range from 1972 to 2022. A critical analysis was then performed to evaluate previous literature focusing on the clinical characteristics, imaging features, treatments, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmin Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengyi Qin
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Bellefkih FZ, Benchakroun N, Lalya I, Amaoui B, El Kacemi H, Acharki A, El Hfid M, El Mazghi A, Chekrine T, Bouchbika Z, Jouhadi H, Sahraoui S, Tawfiq N, Michalet M. Radiotherapy in the management of rare gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review. Cancer Radiother 2023; 27:622-637. [PMID: 37500390 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this analysis is to assess radiotherapy's role and technical aspects in an array of rare gastrointestinal (GI) cancers for adult patients. Collection data pertaining to radiotherapy and digestive rare cancers were sourced from Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy improved outcomes for patients with esophageal undifferentiated carcinoma compared with esophageal salivary gland types of carcinomas. For rare gastric epithelial carcinoma, perioperative chemotherapy is the common treatment. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy showed no benefice compared with adjuvant chemotherapy for duodenal adenocarcinoma. Small bowel sarcomas respond well to radiotherapy. By analogy to anal squamous cell carcinoma, exclusive chemoradiotherapy provided better outcomes for patients with rectal squamous cell carcinoma. For anal adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by radical surgery, was the most effective regimen. For pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, chemoradiotherapy can be a suitable option as postoperative or exclusive for unresectable/borderline disease. The stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a promising approach for hepatobiliary malignancy. Radiotherapy is a valuable option in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) for palliative intent, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistant disease, and unresectable or residual disease. Involved field (IF) radiotherapy for digestive lymphoma provides good results, especially for gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT). In conclusion, radiotherapy is not an uncommon indication in this context. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for better management of digestive rare cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Bellefkih
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - N Benchakroun
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - I Lalya
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - B Amaoui
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H El Kacemi
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A Acharki
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M El Hfid
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - A El Mazghi
- Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - T Chekrine
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Z Bouchbika
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - H Jouhadi
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - S Sahraoui
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; Association marocaine d'oncologie-radiothérapie (Aoram), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - N Tawfiq
- Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Ibn Rochd University Hospital, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M Michalet
- Service d'oncologie-radiothérapie, institut du cancer de Montpellier, Fédération d'oncologie-radiothérapie d'Occitanie Méditerranée (Forom), Montpellier, France
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Song Y, Shi J, Zhang X, Qiao M, Sun Z, Tian S. Diagnostic value of imaging modalities in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2023; 51:887-897. [PMID: 36930683 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the liver (PSCCL) is rare. PSCCL's lack of specific clinical manifestations and laboratory tests necessitate preoperative diagnosis via imaging examination. Conventional ultrasound (US) demonstrates a mass with mixed echogenicity, and contrast-enhanced US shows a circular pattern of "fast forward, fast backward or slow backward, high enhancement." Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed enhancement in the center or edge of the lesion, and the density of the enhanced lesion was lower than that of the liver tissue in the same layer. Positron emission tomography-CT demonstrates an inhomogeneous low-density mass with increased 18F-FDG metabolism. Magnetic resonance imaging shows low signal intensity on T1-weighed images (T1WI) and high signal on T2-weighed images (T2WI). By summarizing the imaging characteristics of PSCCL, this review aims to improve clinicians' understanding of PSCCL and its diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Song
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahong Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhixia Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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