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Guerrero-Hurtado E, Gutiérrez-Docio A, Fiedorowicz R, Mollá E, Reglero G, Prodanov M. Why proanthocyanidins elute at increasing order of molecular masses when analysed by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography? Considerations of use. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1696:463957. [PMID: 37030127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Although it is widely known that proanthocyanidins elute at an increasing order of molecular masses when analysed by normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC), there is no a consistent explanation of the mechanisms of their separation until now. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to give a reliable response to this question, using a complex procyanidin-rich grape seed extract. For this, an off-column static simulation of extract injection and a fragmented-column dynamic procyanidin location tests were studied to show their precipitation in an aprotic solvent, besides another off-column static simulation and multiple contact dynamic solubilisation tests to confirm procyanidin redissolution in an aprotic/protic solvent system. The results showed that separation of procyanidins in the aprotic/protic solvent system of Diol-NP-HPLC was governed by precipitation/redissolution mechanism, that could be extended to all known plant proanthocyanidin homopolymers, including hydrolysable tannins, if they are able to accomplish this condition. However, separation of monomer species, namely catechins and some hydroxybenzoic acids, was based on classic adsorption/partition mechanism. Other factors, such as analyte solubility, chromatographic conditions and sample preparation, that affect the viability of proanthocyanidin analysis by NP-HPLC were stand out and guidelines for its durable and reproducible use were defined.
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Villalva M, Silvan JM, Alarcón-Cavero T, Villanueva-Bermejo D, Jaime L, Santoyo S, Martinez-Rodriguez AJ. Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antibacterial Properties of an Achillea millefolium L. Extract and Its Fractions Obtained by Supercritical Anti-Solvent Fractionation against Helicobacter pylori. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101849. [PMID: 36290572 PMCID: PMC9598488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to evaluate the potential utility of an Achillea millefolium extract (yarrow extract, YE) in the control of H. pylori infection. The supercritical anti-solvent fractionation (SAF) process of YE allowed the obtaining of two different fractions: yarrow’s precipitated fraction (YPF), enriched in most polar phenolic compounds (luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid), and yarrow’s separator fraction (YSF), enriched in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, mainly containing camphor, artemisia ketone, and borneol. YE was effective in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human gastric AGS cells by 16% to 29%, depending on the H. pylori strain. YPF had the highest inhibitory activity (38–40%) for ROS production. YE modulated the inflammatory response in AGS gastric cells, decreasing IL-8 production by 53% to 64%. This IL-8 inhibition also showed a strain-dependent character. YPF and YSF exhibited similar behavior, reducing IL-8 production, suggesting that both phenolic compounds and essential oils could contribute to IL-8 inhibition. YSF showed the highest antibacterial activity against H. pylori (6.3–7.1 log CFU reduction, depending on the strain) and lower MIC (0.08 mg/mL). Results obtained have shown that YE and SAF fractions (YPF and YSF) were effective as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents regardless of the H. pylori strain characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Villalva
- Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis Group (MICROBIO), Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Silvan
- Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis Group (MICROBIO), Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Alarcón-Cavero
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Villanueva-Bermejo
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera, 9. Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jaime
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera, 9. Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Santoyo
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera, 9. Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo J. Martinez-Rodriguez
- Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis Group (MICROBIO), Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Cantoblanco Campus, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-001-79-64
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Silvan JM, Gutierrez-Docio A, Guerrero-Hurtado E, Domingo-Serrano L, Blanco-Suarez A, Prodanov M, Alarcon-Cavero T, Martinez-Rodriguez AJ. Pre-Treatment with Grape Seed Extract Reduces Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060943. [PMID: 34208004 PMCID: PMC8230724 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a pathogenic bacteria identified as a potential risk factor for gastritis, gastric ulcers and gastric cancer. During the stomach colonization, H. pylori triggers a strong inflammatory response and subsequent oxidative stress, which are associated with tissue damage. For this reason, it is of particular interest to develop alternative natural tools that enable modulation of the associated damaging immune response. With this purpose, we obtained grape seed extract (GSE) from sweet (not fermented) food grade seeds. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of GSE and its two enriched procyanidins fractions (OPC and PPC) on the inflammatory process and oxidative stress produced by different H. pylori strains in human gastric epithelial cells (AGS). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring the level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion. IL-8 production was significantly reduced in H. pylori-infected human gastric epithelial cells pre-treated with GSE or its enriched fractions when compared with non-pre-treated infected cells (from 21.6% to 87.8%). Pre-treatment with GSE or its fractions significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AGS cells after infection, depending on the H. pylori strain. Our results also showed that GSE and its fractions demonstrate antibacterial activity against all strains of H. pylori used in the study. This work demonstrates the effectiveness of GSE enriched in procyanidins against the main events associated with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Silvan
- Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis Group (MICROBIO), Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.); (A.J.M.-R.); Tel.: +34-91-001-7900 (ext. 802) (J.M.S.); +34-91-001-7964 (A.J.M.-R.)
| | - Alba Gutierrez-Docio
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (E.G.-H.); (M.P.)
| | - Esperanza Guerrero-Hurtado
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (E.G.-H.); (M.P.)
| | - Lucia Domingo-Serrano
- Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis Group (MICROBIO), Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Blanco-Suarez
- Microbiology Department, Sanitaria Princesa Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (T.A.-C.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (E.G.-H.); (M.P.)
| | - Teresa Alarcon-Cavero
- Microbiology Department, Sanitaria Princesa Research Institute, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (T.A.-C.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo J. Martinez-Rodriguez
- Microbiology and Food Biocatalysis Group (MICROBIO), Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9. Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (J.M.S.); (A.J.M.-R.); Tel.: +34-91-001-7900 (ext. 802) (J.M.S.); +34-91-001-7964 (A.J.M.-R.)
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Nkwonta CG, O’Neill M, Rahman N, Moloney M, Forrestal PJ, Hogan SA, Richards KG, Cummins E, Danaher M. Development of One-Step Non-Solvent Extraction and Sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Assessment of N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) and N-(n-Butyl) Phosphoric Triamide (NBPTo) in Milk. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26102890. [PMID: 34068145 PMCID: PMC8153019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is a urease inhibitor utilised in urea-based fertilizers. In Ireland, fertilizer treated with NBPT is applied to pasture to mitigate both ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions, but concerns arise as to the potential for residues in milk products. A quick ultrafiltration extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry triple quadrupole (UHPLC-MS/MS) quantitation method was developed and validated in this study. The method was applied in the analysis of samples collected from a field study investigating potential transfer of NBPT residues into milk. NBPT and NBPTo residues, were extracted from fortified milk samples and analysed on a UHPLC-MS/MS with recoveries ranging from 74 to 114%. Validation of the UHPLC-MS/MS method at low (0.0020 mg kg−1) and high (0.0250 mg kg−1) concentration levels in line with SANTE/12682/2019 showed overall trueness in the range of 99 to 104% and precision between 1 and 10%, RSD for both compounds. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.0020 mg kg−1 and other tested parameters (linearity, sensitivity, specificity, matrix effect, robustness, etc.) satisfied acceptance criteria. Stability assessment using spiked samples revealed the compounds were stable in raw and pasteurised milk for 4 weeks at –80 °C storage temperature. Maintaining samples at pH 8.5–9.0 further improved stability. Analysis of 516 milk samples from the field study found that NBPT and NBPTo concentrations were below the LOQ of 0.0020 mg kg−1, thus suggesting very low risk of residues occurring in the milk. The method developed is quick, robust, and sensitive. The method is deemed fit-for-purpose for the simultaneous determination of NBPT and NBPTo in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikere G. Nkwonta
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland; (M.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-8059974
| | - Macdara O’Neill
- Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland; (M.O.); (N.R.); (P.J.F.); (K.G.R.)
| | - Niharika Rahman
- Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland; (M.O.); (N.R.); (P.J.F.); (K.G.R.)
| | - Mary Moloney
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland; (M.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Patrick J. Forrestal
- Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland; (M.O.); (N.R.); (P.J.F.); (K.G.R.)
| | - Sean A. Hogan
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Karl G. Richards
- Teagasc, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland; (M.O.); (N.R.); (P.J.F.); (K.G.R.)
| | - Enda Cummins
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Belfield, Ireland;
| | - Martin Danaher
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15KN3K Dublin, Ireland; (M.M.); (M.D.)
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Zhang H, Song H, Tian X, Wang Y, Hao Y, Wang W, Gao R, Yang W, Ke Y, Tang Y. Magnetic imprinted nanoparticles with synergistic tailoring of covalent and non-covalent interactions for purification and detection of procyanidin B2. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:17. [PMID: 33403455 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A synergistic imprinting strategy of covalent and non-covalent interactions is proposed to prepare magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (DI-MMIPs) for highly selective separation of procyanidin B2 (PC) from grape seed samples. Dopamine and 3-amino-phenylboronic acid as cooperative functional monomers endow the imprinted sites with synergistic tailoring. Benefiting from the synergistic effect, the DI-MMIPs exhibit enhanced imprinting performance with high adsorption capacity (27.71 mg g-1), fast kinetic equilibrium time (within 30 min), outstanding selectivity (IF = 5.8, SC > 3.2), and satisfactory regeneration ability. In addition, the DI-MMIPs possess good magnetism, uniform morphology with typical core-shell structure, and stable crystallization. Furthermore, the established DI-MMIPs coupled with HPLC-UV (~ 280 nm) method has a wide linearity range of 0.05-200 μg mL-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9997, high recoveries (> 93.1%) with RSDs from 2.9 to 5.5%, and low LOD (0.0008 μg mL-1). Consequently, this work provides an effective and easily tailored way to fabricate magnetic imprinted nanomaterials with both rapid recognition rate and high selectivity and thus holds great promise to realize the extraction and detection of PC from real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huijia Song
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuemeng Tian
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wenting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ruixia Gao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wan Yang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - YuShen Ke
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhai Tang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
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