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De S, Heer J, Sankar S, Geiger F, Gukelberger E, Galiano F, Mancuso R, Gabriele B, Figoli A, Hoinkis J. Study on UF PES Membranes Spray-Coated with Polymerizable Bicontinuous Microemulsion Materials for Low-Fouling Behavior. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:893. [PMID: 38132897 PMCID: PMC10744386 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The low-fouling propensity of commercially available polyethersulfone (PES) membranes was studied after modification of the membrane surface via coating with polymerizable bicontinuous microemulsion (PBM) materials. The PBM coating was polymerized within 1 min using ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. It was detected on the PES membrane surface via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The PBM coating led to an average 10% increase in the hydrophilicity of the PES membrane surface and an increase in total organic content (TOC) removal by more than 15%. Flux-step tests were conducted with model foulant comprising 100 mg L-1 humic acid (HA) solution to detect the onset of critical fouling, characterized by a rapid and substantial increase in TMP, and to compare the fouling propensity of commercially available PES membranes with PBM-coated membranes. The critical flux was found to be about 40% higher for PBM spray-coated membrane and 20% lower for PBM casting-coated membrane than the commercial PES membrane. This demonstrates the performance advantages of the thin PBM layer spray-coated on PES membrane compared to the thick casting-coated PBM layer. The study showcases the potential of PBM spray-coated membranes over commercial PES membranes for use in membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment systems with reduced maintenance over longer operation periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha De
- Center of Applied Research (CAR), Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HKA), Moltkestrasse 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology (CTC), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (R.M.)
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Jonathan Heer
- Center of Applied Research (CAR), Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HKA), Moltkestrasse 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Suwetha Sankar
- Center of Applied Research (CAR), Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HKA), Moltkestrasse 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fabian Geiger
- Center of Applied Research (CAR), Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HKA), Moltkestrasse 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ephraim Gukelberger
- Center of Applied Research (CAR), Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HKA), Moltkestrasse 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Francesco Galiano
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology (CTC), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (R.M.)
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology (CTC), University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (R.M.)
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via P. Bucci 17c, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Jan Hoinkis
- Center of Applied Research (CAR), Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HKA), Moltkestrasse 30, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Suhail N, Alzahrani AK, Basha WJ, Kizilbash N, Zaidi A, Ambreen J, Khachfe HM. Microemulsions: Unique Properties, Pharmacological Applications, and Targeted Drug Delivery. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.754889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions, comprising oil, water and a surfactant, in association with some co-surfactant, are thermodynamically stable systems. They have found applications in a large number of chemical and pharmacological processes due to their unique properties such as large interfacial area, low interfacial tension, and most importantly, the ability to solubilize and deliver hydrophobic drugs. In addition to the oral and intravenous route, they are suitable for drug delivery through the ophthalmic, vaginal, pulmonary, dental, and topical routes. This review highlights the properties and several recent developments in the use of microemulsions for medical treatment purposes including targeted drug delivery.
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