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Park K, Mudgal A, Mudgal V, Sagi M, Standing D, Davies PA. Desalination, Water Re-use, and Halophyte Cultivation in Salinized Regions: A Highly Productive Groundwater Treatment System. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11863-11875. [PMID: 37540002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater salinization is a problem affecting access to water in many world regions. Though desalination by conventional reverse osmosis (RO) can upgrade groundwater quality for drinking, its disadvantages include unmanaged brine discharge and accelerated groundwater depletion. Here, we propose a new approach combining RO, forward osmosis (FO), and halophyte cultivation, in which FO optimally adjusts the concentration of the RO reject brine for irrigation of Salicornia or Sarcocornia. The FO also re-uses wastewater, thus, reducing groundwater extraction and the wastewater effluent volume. To suit different groundwater salinities in the range 1-8 g/L, three practical designs are proposed and analyzed. Results include specific groundwater consumption (SGC), specific energy consumption (SEC), wastewater volume reduction, peak RO pressure, permeate water quality, efficiency of water resource utilization, and halophyte yield. Compared to conventional brackish water RO, the results show superior performance in almost all aspects. For example, SGC is reduced from 1.25 to 0.9 m3 per m3 of drinking water output and SEC is reduced from 0.79 to 0.70 kW h/m3 by a FO-RO-FO system treating groundwater of salinity 8 g/L. This system can produce 1.1 m3 of high-quality drinking water and up to 4.9 kg of edible halophyte per m3 of groundwater withdrawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiho Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Anurag Mudgal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, India
| | - Varsha Mudgal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, India
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beersheba 8499000, Israel
| | - Dominic Standing
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Beersheba 8499000, Israel
| | - Philip A Davies
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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Ultrafiltration-based diafiltration for post-delignification fractionation of lignin from a deep eutectic solvent comprised of lactic acid and choline chloride. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Khoerunnisa F, Nurhayati M, Annisa NAA, Fatimah S, Nashrah N, Hendrawan H, Ko YG, Ng EP, Opaprakasit P. Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride Contents on Structures, Properties, and Ultrafiltration Performances of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030268. [PMID: 35323744 PMCID: PMC8952018 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The effects of benzalkonium chloride (BKC) contents on the structure, properties, and ultrafiltration performance of chitosan-based nanocomposite membranes containing poly(ethylene glycol) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (chitosan/BKC/PEG/CNT) were examined. The membranes were prepared by a mixing solution method and phase inversion before being characterized with microscopic techniques, tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, water contact angle, and porosity measurements. The performance of the nanocomposite membranes in regard to permeability (flux) and permselectivity (rejection) was examined. The results show that the incorporation of BKC produced nanocomposite membranes with smaller pore structures and improved physico-chemical properties, such as an increase in porosity and surface roughness (Ra = 45.15 to 145.35 nm and Rq = 53.69 to 167.44 nm), an enhancement in the elongation at break from 45 to 109%, and an enhancement in the mechanical strength from 31.2 to 45.8 MPa. In contrast, a decrease in the membrane hydrophilicity (water contact angle increased from 56.3 to 82.8°) and a decrease in the average substructure pore size from 32.64 to 10.08 nm were observed. The membrane rejection performances toward Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) increased with the BKC composition in both dead-end and cross-flow filtration processes. The chitosan/BKC/PEG/CNT nanocomposite membranes have great potential in wastewater treatments for minimizing biofouling without reducing the water purification performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitri Khoerunnisa
- Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia; (M.N.); (N.A.A.A.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (P.O.)
| | - Mita Nurhayati
- Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia; (M.N.); (N.A.A.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Noor Azmi Aulia Annisa
- Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia; (M.N.); (N.A.A.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Siti Fatimah
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.F.); (N.N.); (Y.-G.K.)
| | - Nisa Nashrah
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.F.); (N.N.); (Y.-G.K.)
| | - Hendrawan Hendrawan
- Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudhi 229, Bandung 40154, Indonesia; (M.N.); (N.A.A.A.); (H.H.)
| | - Young-Gun Ko
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.F.); (N.N.); (Y.-G.K.)
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Pakorn Opaprakasit
- School of Bio-Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Khlong Luang 12121, Thailand
- Correspondence: (F.K.); (P.O.)
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Park J, Lee S. Desalination Technology in South Korea: A Comprehensive Review of Technology Trends and Future Outlook. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020204. [PMID: 35207124 PMCID: PMC8876571 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to advances in desalination technology, desalination has been considered as a practical method to meet the increasing global fresh water demand. This paper explores the status of the desalination industry and research work in South Korea. Desalination plant designs, statistics, and the roadmap for desalination research were analyzed. To reduce energy consumption in desalination, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) has been intensively investigated. Recently, alternative desalination technologies, including forward osmosis, pressure-retarded osmosis, membrane distillation, capacitive deionization, renewable-energy-powered desalination, and desalination batteries have also been actively studied. Related major consortium-based desalination research projects and their pilot plants suggest insights into lowering the energy consumption of desalination and mitigation of the environmental impact of SWRO brine as well. Finally, considerations concerning further development are suggested based on the current status of desalination technology in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkwan Park
- School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Changwon-si 51140, Korea;
| | - Sungyun Lee
- Department of Civil Environmental Engineering, School of Disaster Prevention and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Korea
- Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si 37224, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Asante-Sackey D, Rathilal S, Kweinor Tetteh E, Ezugbe EO, Pillay LV. Donnan Membrane Process for the Selective Recovery and Removal of Target Metal Ions-A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:358. [PMID: 34068870 PMCID: PMC8153574 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-based water purification technologies contribute significantly to water settings, where it is imperative to use low-cost energy sources to make the process economically and technically competitive for large-scale applications. Donnan membrane processes (DMPs) are driven by a potential gradient across an ion exchange membrane and have an advantage over fouling in conventional pressure driven membrane technologies, which are gaining attention. DMP is a removal, recovery and recycling technology that is commonly used for separation, purification and the concentrating of metals in different water and waste streams. In this study, the principle and application of DMP for sustainable wastewater treatment and prospects of chemical remediation are reviewed and discussed. In addition, the separation of dissolved metal ions in wastewater settings without the use of pressure driven gradients or external energy supply membrane technologies is highlighted. Furthermore, DMP distinctive configurations and operational factors are explored and the prospects of integrating them into the wastewater treatment plants are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Asante-Sackey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.A.-S.); (S.R.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Sudesh Rathilal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.A.-S.); (S.R.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.A.-S.); (S.R.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Elorm Obotey Ezugbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.A.-S.); (S.R.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Lingham V. Pillay
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7600, South Africa;
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