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Liu L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Zheng C, Zuo W, Tian Y, Zhang J. Insight into key interactions between diverse factors and membrane fouling mitigation in anaerobic membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123750. [PMID: 38467364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have garnered considerable attention as a low-energy and low-carbon footprint treatment technology. With an increasing number of scholars focusing on AnMBR research, its outstanding performance in the field of water treatment has gradually become evident. However, the primary obstacle to the widespread application of AnMBR technology lies in membrane fouling, which leads to reduced membrane flux and increased energy demand. To ensure the efficient and long-term operation of AnMBRs, effective control of membrane fouling is imperative. Nevertheless, the interactions between various fouling factors are complex, making it challenging to predict the changes in membrane fouling. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of the fouling factors in AnMBRs is necessary to establish a theoretical basis for subsequent membrane fouling control in AnMBR applications. This review aims to provide a thorough analysis of membrane fouling issues in AnMBR applications, particularly focusing on fouling factors and fouling control. By delving into the mechanisms behind membrane fouling in AnMBRs, this review offers valuable insights into mitigating membrane fouling, thus enhancing the lifespan of membrane components in AnMBRs and identifying potential directions for future AnMBR research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Safe Disposal and Resources Recovery of Sludge, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yihe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Safe Disposal and Resources Recovery of Sludge, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yongxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Safe Disposal and Resources Recovery of Sludge, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150090, China; Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518021, China
| | - Chengzhi Zheng
- Harbin Institute of Technology National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd, Harbin, 150090, China; Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518021, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Safe Disposal and Resources Recovery of Sludge, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Safe Disposal and Resources Recovery of Sludge, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, National Engineering Research Center for Safe Disposal and Resources Recovery of Sludge, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Sawunyama L, Olatunde OC, Oyewo OA, Bopape MF, Onwudiwe DC. Application of coal fly ash based ceramic membranes in wastewater treatment: A sustainable alternative to commercial materials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24344. [PMID: 38298659 PMCID: PMC10828652 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The continued increase in the global population has resulted in increased water demand for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. These activities have led to the generation of high volumes of wastewater, which has an impact on water quality. Consequently, more practical solutions are needed to improve the current wastewater treatment systems. The use of improved ceramic membranes for wastewater treatment holds significant prospects for advancement in water treatment and sanitation. Hence, different studies have employed ceramic membranes in wastewater treatment and the search for low-cost and environmentally friendly starting materials has continued to engender research interests. This review focuses on the application of coal fly ash in membrane technology for wastewater treatment. The processes of membrane fabrication and the various limitations of the material. Several factors that influence the properties and performance of coal fly ash ceramic membranes in wastewater treatment are also presented. Some possible solutions to the limitations are also proposed, while cost analysis of coal fly ash-based membranes is explored to evaluate its potential for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Sawunyama
- Materials Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Olalekan C. Olatunde
- Materials Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi A. Oyewo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Mokgadi F. Bopape
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag x680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Damian C. Onwudiwe
- Materials Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
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Matsumoto T, Yoshida K, Shinohara T, Miyoshi E, Ueno T. Development of new colloid osmotic pressure measurement method using ultrafiltration membrane during cardiopulmonary bypass. THE JOURNAL OF EXTRA-CORPOREAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 55:167-174. [PMID: 38099630 PMCID: PMC10723525 DOI: 10.1051/ject/2023028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical practice of measuring colloid osmotic pressure (COP) was abandoned after correcting hypoosmolarity did not improve overall patient outcomes. However, the use of albumin and colloidal solutions has contributed to maintaining intraoperative and postoperative fluid balance at lower levels. Reduced perioperative fluid balance is consistently reported to have positive effects on clinical outcomes. Priming solutions for cardiopulmonary bypass typically include colloids; however, the optimal type of priming solution has not yet been determined. Stricter COP management may further improve postoperative courses. To achieve this, the widespread adoption of a measurement method suitable for COP monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass is required. METHODS A test circuit was made which measured COP using an ultrafiltration membrane method based on the changes in hydrostatic pressure that occurs across a semipermeable membrane. We then compared the measurements obtained using this method with colloidal osmometer measurements. RESULTS COP measurements were obtained for a total of 100 tests (10 times each for 10 test solutions). The evaluation parameters included simultaneous reproducibility, correlation with the colloid osmometer, and measurement time. The results demonstrated high accuracy of the ultrafiltration membrane method, simultaneous reproducibility within 3%, a high positive correlation with the colloid osmometer (correlation coefficient: R2 = 0.99; p < 0.01), and equal time required for measurement. CONCLUSION Measuring COP using ultrafiltration membranes solves problems within existing measurement methods. Although further improvements in the method are necessary, it has implications for future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsumoto
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1–7, Suita-shi Osaka-fu 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Nursing Practice Development, Division of Nursing Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1–7, Suita-shi Osaka-fu 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshida
- Department of Future Medical therapy, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine 1–7, Suita-shi Osaka-fu 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tomotaka Shinohara
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1–7, Suita-shi Osaka-fu 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Nursing Practice Development, Division of Nursing Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1–7, Suita-shi Osaka-fu 565-0871 Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1–7, Suita-shi Osaka-fu 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Department of Nursing Practice Development, Division of Nursing Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 1–7, Suita-shi Osaka-fu 565-0871 Japan
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Fionah A, McLarney K, Judd A, Escobar IC. Effects of the Applied Potential on the Performance of Polysulfone Membranes Functionalized with Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone Polymers. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:675. [PMID: 37505041 PMCID: PMC10386516 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The global water crisis growth has led to a tremendous increase in membrane technology research. Membranes are favored over many other technologies for water treatment because, in principle, they require no chemical additives and can be used isothermally at low temperatures. Membranes that can reject contaminants and salts, produce adequate permeate flux values, and require minimal cleaning are highly demanded. However, most synthesized membranes on the market have associated problems, such as membrane fouling; inverse relationships between flux and solute rejection; and the high cost of synthesis, operation, and maintenance. Therefore, there is a continuied need to produce membranes with properties that make them able to sustain flux and selectivity over time. This research study focused on increasing the surface charge and hydrophilicity of polysulfone (PSf) membranes by incorporating sulfonate-functionalized poly-ether-ether-ketone (SPEEK) into PSf/N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (PSf/NMP) membranes. The sulfonation of the PEEK provided a net increase in negative charge on the surface of the membranes that enabled charge repulsion to take place, thus increasing the rejection of ions. In this project, the effect of the applied potential on the performance of SPEEK: PSf/NMP membranes was evaluated. The characterization of the as-synthesized membranes was carried out using the surface's structure and morphology, contact angle, and zeta potential. Furthermore, a voltage of 1.5 V was applied to the membranes in the presence of various salts (sodium chloride, calcium chloride, and potassium chloride salts) to evaluate the effects of the applied potential on solute rejection. It was found that both the permeability and the selectivity of the membranes increased when the voltage was applied. The obtained results indicate that incorporating SPEEK into PSf/NMP membranes increased the hydrophilicity of the membranes, and under the applied voltage, the incorporation allowed it to function as an electrodialysis process that is capable of removing ions from water bodies by utilizing the charge repulsion of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelline Fionah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kate McLarney
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Aviana Judd
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Isabel C Escobar
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Semi-automated water sampling module for repeated sampling and concentration of Bacillus cereus group spores. Sci Rep 2023; 13:831. [PMID: 36646757 PMCID: PMC9842714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the presence of pathogenic Bacillus spores is important for industrial applications, as well as necessary for ensuring human health. Bacillus thuringiensis is used as a biopesticide against several insect pests. Bacillus cereus spores are a significant cause of food poisoning, and Bacillus anthracis is a recognized biosecurity threat. Laboratory-based methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization spectroscopy provide sensitive detection of bacteria and spores, but the application of those methods for quasi-continuous environmental monitoring presents a significant challenge requiring frequent human intervention. To address this challenge, we developed a workstation for quasi-autonomous monitoring of water reservoirs for the presence of bacteria and spores, and designed and validated the functionality of a microprocessor-controlled module capable of repetitive collection and pre-concentration of spores in liquid samples tested with fiberglass (FG), polyether sulfone and polyvinylidene fluoride filters. The best results were obtained with FG filters delivering a 20× concentration of B. thuringiensis and B. cereus spores from saline suspensions. The successful 20× pre-concentration of Bacillus spores demonstrated with FG filters could be repeated up to 3 times when bleach decontamination is applied between filtrations. Taken together, our results demonstrate an attractive instrument suitable for semi-automated, quasi-continuous sampling and pre-processing of water samples for biosensing of bacterial spores originating from a complex environment.
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Echakouri M, Henni A, Salama A. High-Frequency Pulsatile Parameterization Study for the Titania Ceramic Membrane Fouling Mitigation in Oily Wastewater Systems Using the Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1198. [PMID: 36557105 PMCID: PMC9788362 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this comprehensive study, a seven-channel ultrafiltration (UF) titania membrane was used to investigate the impact of the pulsatile cleaning process on the crossflow filtration system. Seventeen experimental runs were performed for different operating conditions with a transmembrane pressure (TMP) varying from 0.5 to 1.5 bar, a crossflow velocity (CFV) ranging from 0.5 to 1 m/s, and pulsatile parameters within an interval varying from 60 to 120 s with a duration of 0.8 s, and collecting membrane permeate flux and volume data. The optimized operating conditions revealed that a TMP of 1.5 bar, a CFV of 0.71 m/s, and a pulsatile cycle of 85 s were the best operating conditions to reach the highest steady permeability flux and volume of 302 LMH and 8.11 L, respectively. The UF ceramic membrane under the optimized inputs allowed for an oil-rejection ability of 99%. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) model was used to analyze the effect of crossflow operating conditions on the permeate flux and volume. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the quadratic regression models were highly significant. At a 95% confidence interval, the optimum TMP significantly enhanced the flux and permeate volume simultaneously. The results also demonstrated a positive interaction between the TMP and the pulsatile process, enhancing the permeate flux with a slight impact on the permeate volume. At the same time, the interaction between the CFV and pulsatile flow improved the permeability and increased the permeate volume.
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7
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Tran ML, Chen YS, Juang RS. Fouling Analysis in One-Stage Ultrafiltration of Precipitation-Treated Bacillus subtilis Fermentation Liquors for Biosurfactant Recovery. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1057. [PMID: 36363612 PMCID: PMC9694401 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary recovery of surfactin from precipitation-pretreated fermentation broths of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 culture by one-stage dead-end and cross-flow ultrafiltration (UF) was studied. Dead-end experiments were first performed to select suitable conditions, including the amount of added ethanol-a micelle-destabilizing solvent (0-70 vol%), type (polyethersulfone, polyacrylonitrile, poly(vinylidene fluoride)) and molecular-weight cut-off (MWCO, 30-100 kDa) of the membrane in the surfactin concentration range of 0.25-1.23 g/L. Then, the cross-flow UF experiments were conducted to check the recovery performance in the ranges of feed surfactin concentration of 1.13-2.67 g/L, flow velocity of 0.025-0.05 m/s, and transmembrane pressure of 40-100 kPa. The Hermia model was also used to clarify membrane fouling mechanisms. Finally, three cleaning agents and two in situ cleaning ways (flush and back-flush) were selected to regain the permeate flux. As for the primary recovery of surfactin from the permeate in cross-flow UF, a polyethersulfone membrane with 100-kDa MWCO was suggested, and the NaOH solution at pH 11 was used for membrane flushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Lien Tran
- Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ying-Shr Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Shin Juang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, Taishan, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
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Vijayan Y, Teow YH, Mohammad Al-Rajabi M, Wikramasinghe SR. A sustainable development approach of silica recovery and treatment of semiconductor-industry wastewater using ceramic membranes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2131576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogadevan Vijayan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Yeit Haan Teow
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Maha Mohammad Al-Rajabi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - S. Ranil Wikramasinghe
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
- Ralph E Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Díez JL, Masip-Moret V, Santafé-Moros A, Gozálvez-Zafrilla JM. Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Control Strategies for a Peristaltically Pumped Low-Pressure Driven Membrane Process. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12090883. [PMID: 36135902 PMCID: PMC9504800 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Peristaltic pumping is used in membrane applications where high and sterile sealing is required. However, control is difficult due to the pulsating pump characteristics and the time-varying properties of the system. In this work, three artificial intelligence control strategies (artificial neural networks (ANN), fuzzy logic expert systems, and fuzzy-integrated local models) were used to regulate transmembrane pressure and crossflow velocity in a microfiltration system under high fouling conditions. A pilot plant was used to obtain the necessary data to identify the AI models and to test the controllers. Humic acid was employed as a foulant, and cleaning-in-place with NaOH was used to restore the membrane state. Several starting operating points were studied and setpoint changes were performed to study the plant dynamics under different control strategies. The results showed that the control approaches were able to control the membrane system, but significant differences in the dynamics were observed. The ANN control was able to achieve the specifications but showed poor dynamics. Expert control was fast but showed problems in different working areas. Local models required less data than ANN, achieving high accuracy and robustness. Therefore, the technique to be used will depend on the available information and the application dynamics requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Díez
- Instituto Universitario de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Asunción Santafé-Moros
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - José M. Gozálvez-Zafrilla
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
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Li S, Bai L, Luo X, Ding J, Li G, Liang H. A CNT/PVA film supported TFC membranes for improvement of mechanical properties and chemical cleaning stability: A new insight to an alternative to the polymeric support. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Vergara-Araya M, Oeltze H, Radeva J, Roth AG, Göbbert C, Niestroj-Pahl R, Dähne L, Wiese J. Operation of Hybrid Membranes for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Pollutants from Water and Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050502. [PMID: 35629828 PMCID: PMC9144941 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid ceramic membranes (i.e., membranes with a layer-by-layer (LbL) coating) are an emerging technology to remove diverse kinds of micropollutants from water. Hybrid ceramic membranes were tested under laboratory conditions as single-channel (filter area = 0.00754 m2) and multi-channel (0.35 m2) variants for the removal of pharmaceuticals (sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac, clofibric acid, and ibuprofen) and typical wastewater pollutants (i.e., COD, TOC, PO4-P, and TN) from drinking water and treated wastewater. The tests were conducted with two low transmembrane pressures (TMP) of 2 and 4 bar and constant temperatures and flow velocities, which showed rejections above 80% for all the tested pharmaceuticals as well for organic pollutants and phosphorous in the treated wastewater. Tests regarding sufficient cleaning regimes also showed that the LbL coating is stable and resistant to pHs between 2 and 10 with the use of typical cleaning agents (citric acid and NaOH) but not to higher pHs, a commercially available enzymatic solution, or backwashing. The hybrid membranes can contribute to the advanced treatment of water and wastewater with low operational costs, and their application at a larger scale is viable. However, the cleaning of the membranes must be further investigated to assure the stability and durability of the LbL coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Vergara-Araya
- Department for Water, Environment, Construction, and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Breitscheidstr. 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; (H.O.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0391)866-4547
| | - Henning Oeltze
- Department for Water, Environment, Construction, and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Breitscheidstr. 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; (H.O.); (J.W.)
| | - Jenny Radeva
- Nanostone Water GmbH, Am Bahndamm 12, 38820 Halberstadt, Germany; (J.R.); (A.G.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Anke Gundula Roth
- Nanostone Water GmbH, Am Bahndamm 12, 38820 Halberstadt, Germany; (J.R.); (A.G.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Christian Göbbert
- Nanostone Water GmbH, Am Bahndamm 12, 38820 Halberstadt, Germany; (J.R.); (A.G.R.); (C.G.)
| | - Robert Niestroj-Pahl
- Surflay Nanotec GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (R.N.-P.); (L.D.)
| | - Lars Dähne
- Surflay Nanotec GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (R.N.-P.); (L.D.)
| | - Jürgen Wiese
- Department for Water, Environment, Construction, and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Breitscheidstr. 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; (H.O.); (J.W.)
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New Low-Cost Ceramic Microfiltration Membranes for Bacteria Removal. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050490. [PMID: 35629816 PMCID: PMC9143507 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Safe water provision in low-income countries is constrained by limited financial resources, and the problem is worsened during natural disasters. Thus, there is a need to develop efficient low-cost technologies for point-of-use water treatment. This work reports on the development of new ceramic microfiltration membranes made from mixtures of inexpensive raw materials available locally (kaolin, bentonite and limestone) and their efficiency in rejecting bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, mercury intrusion porosimetry, flexural strength and water uptake were used to characterize the raw materials and membranes. The addition of limestone in the membrane fabrication increased the pore size, the porosity and, thus, the permeability of the membranes but at the expense of the rejection performance. Among the different compositions studied, the membrane made of 83% kaolin, 10% bentonite and 7% limestone showed the best performance compromise with water permeability of 566 L·h−1·m−2·bar−1 and 100% rejection of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These new low-cost microfiltration membranes are expected to have potential applications in water treatment and household applications.
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Zainol Abidin MN, Nasef MM, Matsuura T. Fouling Prevention in Polymeric Membranes by Radiation Induced Graft Copolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:197. [PMID: 35012218 PMCID: PMC8747411 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of membrane processes in various fields has now undergone accelerated developments, despite the presence of some hurdles impacting the process efficiency. Fouling is arguably the main hindrance for a wider implementation of polymeric membranes, particularly in pressure-driven membrane processes, causing higher costs of energy, operation, and maintenance. Radiation induced graft copolymerization (RIGC) is a powerful versatile technique for covalently imparting selected chemical functionalities to membranes' surfaces, providing a potential solution to fouling problems. This article aims to systematically review the progress in modifications of polymeric membranes by RIGC of polar monomers onto membranes using various low- and high-energy radiation sources (UV, plasma, γ-rays, and electron beam) for fouling prevention. The feasibility of the modification method with respect to physico-chemical and antifouling properties of the membrane is discussed. Furthermore, the major challenges to the modified membranes in terms of sustainability are outlined and the future research directions are also highlighted. It is expected that this review would attract the attention of membrane developers, users, researchers, and scientists to appreciate the merits of using RIGC for modifying polymeric membranes to mitigate the fouling issue, increase membrane lifespan, and enhance the membrane system efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nidzhom Zainol Abidin
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
- Center of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Takeshi Matsuura
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
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14
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Tomczak W, Grubecki I, Gryta M. The Use of NaOH Solutions for Fouling Control in a Membrane Bioreactor: A Feasibility Study. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:887. [PMID: 34832116 PMCID: PMC8625605 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the microbial production of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) is recognized as preferable to the chemical synthesis. However, finding a technological approach allowing the production of 1,3-PD in the membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a great challenge. In the present study, a ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (8 kDa) for treatment of 1,3-PD broths was used. It has been demonstrated that the membrane used provides the stable permeate flux that is necessary to ensure the stability of the fermentation process in MBR technology. It was noticed that the broth pH has a significant impact on both the final 1,3-PD concentration and permeate flux. Moreover, the feasibility of using NaOH for fouling control in the MBR was evaluated. It has been shown that 1% NaOH solution is effective in restoring the initial membrane performance. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to shed light onto the possibility of reducing the amount of the alkaline solutions generated during the MBR operation. Indeed, it has been found that 1% NaOH solution can be successfully used several times for both membrane cleaning and to stabilize the broth pH. Finally, based on the results obtained, the technological conceptions of the MBR technology were designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wirginia Tomczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Grubecki
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Marek Gryta
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland;
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15
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Maguire NAP, Ebrahimi M, Fan R, Gießelmann S, Ehlen F, Schütz S, Czermak P. Influence of Ceramic Membrane Surface Characteristics on the Flux Behavior of a Complex Fermentation Broth. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:402. [PMID: 34071382 PMCID: PMC8229547 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The valorization of agro-industrial residues using yeasts as biocatalysts requires efficient methods for biomass separation. Filtration with ceramic membranes is suitable for this task, however, the challenge of flux decline and the unavoidable cleaning must be taken into account. We investigated the filtration of fermentation broth and its components using tubular microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes, and hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membranes, with cut-offs of 30 and 200 nm. The steady-state flux was limited by fouling under comparable wall shear stress conditions but increased when the wall shear stress was higher. Single-component filtration with two 30 nm tubular ultrafiltration membranes, whose average surface roughness ranged from 1.0 to 3.9 µm, showed that smoother surfaces experience less biomass fouling under more intense hydrodynamic conditions. Furthermore, we showed experimentally and by scanning electron microscopy in filtration with 30 nm tubular membranes that the thickness of the first separation layer is responsible for the degree of irreversible resistance caused by the deposition of organic material in the membrane pores. The thickness of this layer should therefore be minimized without compromising mechanical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A. P. Maguire
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (N.A.P.M.); (M.E.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group Bioresources, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ebrahimi
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (N.A.P.M.); (M.E.)
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (N.A.P.M.); (M.E.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group Bioresources, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Gießelmann
- MANN+HUMMEL GmbH, 71636 Ludwigsburg, Germany; (S.G.); (F.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Frank Ehlen
- MANN+HUMMEL GmbH, 71636 Ludwigsburg, Germany; (S.G.); (F.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Steffen Schütz
- MANN+HUMMEL GmbH, 71636 Ludwigsburg, Germany; (S.G.); (F.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany; (N.A.P.M.); (M.E.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group Bioresources, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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16
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Asante-Sackey D, Rathilal S, Kweinor Tetteh E, Ezugbe EO, Pillay LV. Donnan Membrane Process for the Selective Recovery and Removal of Target Metal Ions-A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:358. [PMID: 34068870 PMCID: PMC8153574 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-based water purification technologies contribute significantly to water settings, where it is imperative to use low-cost energy sources to make the process economically and technically competitive for large-scale applications. Donnan membrane processes (DMPs) are driven by a potential gradient across an ion exchange membrane and have an advantage over fouling in conventional pressure driven membrane technologies, which are gaining attention. DMP is a removal, recovery and recycling technology that is commonly used for separation, purification and the concentrating of metals in different water and waste streams. In this study, the principle and application of DMP for sustainable wastewater treatment and prospects of chemical remediation are reviewed and discussed. In addition, the separation of dissolved metal ions in wastewater settings without the use of pressure driven gradients or external energy supply membrane technologies is highlighted. Furthermore, DMP distinctive configurations and operational factors are explored and the prospects of integrating them into the wastewater treatment plants are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Asante-Sackey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.A.-S.); (S.R.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Sudesh Rathilal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.A.-S.); (S.R.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.A.-S.); (S.R.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Elorm Obotey Ezugbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa; (D.A.-S.); (S.R.); (E.O.E.)
| | - Lingham V. Pillay
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7600, South Africa;
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