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Zhang Q, Wang C, Yu L, You J, Wei G, Zhang J. Structural and Transport Properties of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Modified Ionomers in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:668. [PMID: 38475350 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The sluggish commercial application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) with low Pt loading is chiefly hindered by concentration polarization loss, particularly at high current density regions. Addressing this, our study concentrates on the ionomer membranes in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) and explores the potential of incorporating additional hydrophilic or hydrophobic components to modify these ionomers. Therefore, an all-atom model was constructed and for the ionomer and hydrophilic and hydrophobic modifications were implemented via incorporating SiO2 and PTFE, respectively. The investigation was conducted via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the morphology and structure of the ionomer and analyze the kinetic properties of oxygen molecules and protons. The simulation results elaborate that the hydrophilic and hydrophobic modifications favor the phase separation and the self-diffusion coefficients of oxygen molecules and protons are enhanced. Considering the hydration level of the ionomer films, hydrophilic modification facilitates mass transfer under low-hydration-level conditions, while hydrophobic modification is more effective in optimizing mass transfer as the hydration level increases. The optimal contents of SiO2 and PTFE for each hydration level in this work are 9.6% and 45%, respectively. This work proposes a reliable model and presents a detailed analysis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic modifications, which provides theoretical guidance for quantitative preparations of various composite membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjiang Zhang
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Fuel Cells, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Zhejiang TangFeng Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313002, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Commercial Vehicle Development Institute, FAW Jiefang Automotive Co., Ltd., Changchun 130011, China
| | - Jiabin You
- Institute of Fuel Cells, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanghua Wei
- SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Power & Machinery Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Kholin KV, Sabirova AF, Kadirov DM, Khamatgalimov AR, Khrizanforov MN, Nizameev IR, Morozov MV, Gainullin RR, Sultanov TP, Minzanova ST, Nefed'ev ES, Kadirov MK. Carbonized Nickel Complex of Sodium Pectate as Catalyst for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:635. [PMID: 37505001 PMCID: PMC10384383 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Sodium pectate derivatives with 25% replacement of sodium ions with nickel ions were obtained by carbonization to temperatures of 280, 550, and 800 °C, under special protocols in an inert atmosphere by carbonization to temperatures of 280, 550, and 800 °C. The 25% substitution is the upper limit of substitution of sodium for nickel ions, above which the complexes are no longer soluble in water. It was established that the sample carburized to 550 °C is the most effective active element in the hydrogen-oxidation reaction, while the sample carbonized up to 800 °C was the most effective in the oxygen-reduction reaction. The poor performance of the catalytic system involving the pectin coordination biopolymer carbonized up to 280 °C was due to loss of proton conductivity caused by water removal and mainly by two-electron transfer in one catalytic cycle of the oxygen-reduction reaction. The improved performance of the system with coordination biopolymer carbonized up to 550 °C was due to the better access of gases to the catalytic sites and four-electron transfer in one catalytic cycle. The (Ni-NaPG)800C sample contains metallic nickel nanoparticles and loose carbon, which enhances the electrical conductivity and gas capacity of the catalytic system. In addition, almost four-electron transfer is observed in one catalytic cycle of the oxygen-reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Kholin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Aigul F Sabirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Danis M Kadirov
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Ayrat R Khamatgalimov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Mikhail N Khrizanforov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Str. 18, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Irek R Nizameev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
- Department of Nanotechnology in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Morozov
- Department of Nanotechnology in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI, Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Radis R Gainullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Timur P Sultanov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Salima T Minzanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Eugene S Nefed'ev
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
| | - Marsil K Kadirov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia
- Department of Physics, Kazan National Research Technological University, Kazan 420015, Russia
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González-Castaño C, Aalaila Y, Restrepo C, Revelo-Fuelagán J, Peluffo-Ordóñez D. Modelling of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells with Sinusoidal Approach. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1056. [PMID: 36363611 PMCID: PMC9697360 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper validates a sinusoidal approach for the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model as a supplement to experimental studies. An FC simulation or hardware emulation is necessary for prototype design, testing, and fault diagnosis to reduce the overall cost. For this objective, a sinusoidal model that is capable of accurately estimating the voltage behavior from the operating current value of the DC was developed. The model was tested using experimental data from the Ballard Nexa 1.2 kW fuel cell (FC). This methodology offers a promising approach for static and current-voltage, characteristic of the three regions of operation. A study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed FC Sinusoidal model compared with the Diffusive Global model and the Evolution Strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina González-Castaño
- Centro de Transformación Energética, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7500971, Chile
- Assistant Investigator Millenium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector (MIGA), Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Yahya Aalaila
- Modeling, Simulation and Data Analysis (MSDA) Research Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 47963, Morocco
| | - Carlos Restrepo
- Department of Electromechanics and Energy Conversion, Universidad de Talca, Curicó 3340000, Chile
- Principal Investigator Millenium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector (MIGA), Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Javier Revelo-Fuelagán
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto 520002, Nariño, Colombia
| | - Diego Hernán Peluffo-Ordóñez
- Modeling, Simulation and Data Analysis (MSDA) Research Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 47963, Morocco
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Zhang Q, Dong S, Shao P, Zhu Y, Mu Z, Sheng D, Zhang T, Jiang X, Shao R, Ren Z, Xie J, Feng X, Wang B. Covalent organic framework-based porous ionomers for high-performance fuel cells. Science 2022; 378:181-186. [PMID: 36228000 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lowering platinum (Pt) loadings without sacrificing power density and durability in fuel cells is highly desired yet challenging because of the high mass transport resistance near the catalyst surfaces. We tailored the three-phase microenvironment by optimizing the ionomer by incorporating ionic covalent organic framework (COF) nanosheets into Nafion. The mesoporous apertures of 2.8 to 4.1 nanometers and appendant sulfonate groups enabled the proton transfer and promoted oxygen permeation. The mass activity of Pt and the peak power density of the fuel cell with Pt/Vulcan (0.07 mg of Pt per square centimeter in the cathode) both reached 1.6 times those values without the COF. This strategy was applied to catalyst layers with various Pt loadings and different commercial catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shuda Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Mu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dafei Sheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Orthopaedics Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Ruiwen Shao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhixin Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Choi J, Kim E, Cha Y, Ghasemi M, Ju H. Probing the influence of nonuniform Pt particle size distribution using a full three-dimensional, multiscale, multiphase polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell model. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rodriguez A, Pool R, Ortegon J, Escobar B, Barbosa R. Effect of the Agglomerate Geometry on the Effective Electrical Conductivity of a Porous Electrode. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:357. [PMID: 34068836 PMCID: PMC8153589 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study of the microstructure of random heterogeneous materials, related to an electrochemical device, is relevant because their effective macroscopic properties, e.g., electrical or proton conductivity, are a function of their effective transport coefficients (ETC). The magnitude of ETC depends on the distribution and properties of the material phase. In this work, an algorithm is developed to generate stochastic two-phase (binary) image configurations with multiple geometries and polydispersed particle sizes. The recognizable geometry in the images is represented by the white phase dispersed and characterized by statistical descriptors (two-point and line-path correlation functions). Percolation is obtained for the geometries by identifying an infinite cluster to guarantee the connection between the edges of the microstructures. Finally, the finite volume method is used to determine the ETC. Agglomerate phase results show that the geometry with the highest local current distribution is the triangular geometry. In the matrix phase, the most significant results are obtained by circular geometry, while the lowest is obtained by the 3-sided polygon. The proposed methodology allows to establish criteria based on percolation and surface fraction to assure effective electrical conduction according to their geometric distribution; results provide an insight for the microstructure development with high projection to be used to improve the electrode of a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimael Rodriguez
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Boulevard Bahía s/n, Chetumal 77019, Quintana Roo, Mexico; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Roger Pool
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Boulevard Bahía s/n, Chetumal 77019, Quintana Roo, Mexico; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Jaime Ortegon
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Boulevard Bahía s/n, Chetumal 77019, Quintana Roo, Mexico; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.O.)
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Unidad de Energía Renovable, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, C 43 No 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida 97200, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Romeli Barbosa
- División de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Boulevard Bahía s/n, Chetumal 77019, Quintana Roo, Mexico; (A.R.); (R.P.); (J.O.)
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