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Sithambaranathan P, Nasef MM, Ahmad A, Abbasi A, Ting TM. Composite Proton-Conducting Membrane with Enhanced Phosphoric Acid Doping of Basic Films Radiochemically Grafted with Binary Vinyl Heterocyclic Monomer Mixtures. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:105. [PMID: 36676912 PMCID: PMC9865669 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A composite proton conducting membrane (PCM) was prepared by radiation-induced grafting (RIG) of binary mixtures of 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) and 1-vinylimidazole (1-VIm) onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) film followed by phosphoric acid (PA) doping. The grafting parameters such as absorbed dose, temperature, monomer concentration, time, and monomer ratio were varied to control the degree of grafting (DG%). The effect of the reactivity ratio of 4-VP and 1-VIm on the composition and degree of monomer unit alternation in the formed graft copolymer was investigated. The changes in the chemical and physical properties endowed by grafting and subsequent PA acid doping were monitored using analytical instruments. The mechanical properties and proton conductivity of the obtained membrane were evaluated and its performance was tested in H2/O2 fuel cell at 120 °C under anhydrous and partially wet conditions. The acid doping level was affected by the treatment parameters and enhanced by increasing DG. The proton conductivity was boosted by incorporating the combination of pyridine and imidazole rings originating from the formed basic graft copolymer of 4-VP/1-VIm dominated by 4-VP units in the structure. The proton conductivity showed a strong dependence on the temperature. The membrane demonstrated superior properties compared to its counterpart obtained by grafting 4-VP alone. The membrane also showed a strong potential for application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) operating at 120 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paveswari Sithambaranathan
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Arshad Ahmad
- Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - T. M. Ting
- Radiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hua D, Huang J, Fabbri E, Rafique M, Song B. Development of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis and the Associated Challenges: A Review. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Hua
- Department of Physics Institution Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P.R. China
| | - Jinzhen Huang
- Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Fabbri
- Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Moniba Rafique
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P.R. China
| | - Bo Song
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P.R. China
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Zakaria Z, Kamarudin SK, Wahid KAA. Polymer electrolyte membrane modification in direct ethanol fuel cells: An update. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zulfirdaus Zakaria
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus Pulau Pinang Malaysia
- Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siti Kartom Kamarudin
- Fuel Cell Institute Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - Khairul Anwar Abd Wahid
- Mechanical Engineering Section, Malaysia France Institute Universiti Kuala Lumpur Bandar Baru Bangi Malaysia
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Bibliometrics of Functional Polymeric Biomaterials with Bioactive Properties Prepared by Radiation-Induced Graft Copolymerisation: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224831. [PMID: 36432958 PMCID: PMC9692568 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional polymeric biomaterials (FPBMs) with bioactive characteristics obtained by radiation-induced graft copolymerisation (RIGC) have been subjected to intensive research and developed into many commercial products. Various studies have reported the development of a variety of radiation-grafted FPBMs. However, no reports dealing with the quantitative evaluations of these studies from a global bibliographic perspective have been published. Such bibliographic analysis can provide information to overcome the limitations of the databases and identify the main research trends, together with challenges and future directions. This review aims to provide an unprecedented bibliometric analysis of the published literature on the use of RIGC for the preparation of FPBMs and their applications in medical, biomedical, biotechnological, and health care fields. A total of 235 publications obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) in the period of 1985-2021 were retrieved, screened, and evaluated. The records were used to manifest the contributions to each field and underline not only the top authors, journals, citations, years of publication, and countries but also to highlight the core research topics and the hubs for research excellence on these materials. The obtained data overviews are likely to provide guides to early-career scientists and their research institutions and promote the development of new, timely needed radiation-grafted FPBMs, in addition to extending their applications.
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Santoro C, Lavacchi A, Mustarelli P, Di Noto V, Elbaz L, Dekel DR, Jaouen F. What is Next in Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers? Bottlenecks, Benefits, and Future. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200027. [PMID: 35263034 PMCID: PMC9310600 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As highlighted by the recent roadmaps from the European Union and the United States, water electrolysis is the most valuable high-intensity technology for producing green hydrogen. Currently, two commercial low-temperature water electrolyzer technologies exist: alkaline water electrolyzer (A-WE) and proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEM-WE). However, both have major drawbacks. A-WE shows low productivity and efficiency, while PEM-WE uses a significant amount of critical raw materials. Lately, the use of anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEM-WE) has been proposed to overcome the limitations of the current commercial systems. AEM-WE could become the cornerstone to achieve an intense, safe, and resilient green hydrogen production to fulfill the hydrogen targets to achieve the 2050 decarbonization goals. Here, the status of AEM-WE development is discussed, with a focus on the most critical aspects for research and highlighting the potential routes for overcoming the remaining issues. The Review closes with the future perspective on the AEM-WE research indicating the targets to be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Santoro
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-BicoccaU5, Via Cozzi 520125MilanoItaly
| | - Alessandro Lavacchi
- Istituto di Chimica Dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM)Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR)Via Madonna Del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoFirenzeItaly
| | - Piercarlo Mustarelli
- Department of Materials ScienceUniversity of Milano-BicoccaU5, Via Cozzi 520125MilanoItaly
| | - Vito Di Noto
- Section of Chemistry for the Technology (ChemTech)Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of PadovaVia Marzolo 9I-35131PadovaPDItaly
| | - Lior Elbaz
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced MaterialsBar-Ilan UniversityRamat-Gan5290002Israel
| | - Dario R. Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical EngineeringTechnion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP)Technion – Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa3200003Israel
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Narducci R, Sgreccia E, Knauth P, Di Vona ML. Anion Exchange Membranes with 1D, 2D and 3D Fillers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3887. [PMID: 34833189 PMCID: PMC8622584 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC) are clean energy conversion devices that are an attractive alternative to the more common proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), because they present, among others, the advantage of not using noble metals like platinum as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. The interest in this technology has increased exponentially over the recent years. Unfortunately, the low durability of anion exchange membranes (AEM) in basic conditions limits their use on a large scale. We present in this review composite AEM with one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional fillers, an approach commonly used to enhance the fuel cell performance and stability. The most important filler types, which are discussed in this review, are carbon and titanate nanotubes, graphene and graphene oxide, layered double hydroxides, silica and zirconia nanoparticles. The functionalization of the fillers is the most important key to successful property improvement. The recent progress of mechanical properties, ionic conductivity and FC performances of composite AEM is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Narducci
- Department Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (M.L.D.V.)
| | - Emanuela Sgreccia
- Department Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (M.L.D.V.)
| | - Philippe Knauth
- CNRS, Madirel (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Aix Marseille University, F-13013 Marseille, France;
| | - Maria Luisa Di Vona
- Department Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy; (E.S.); (M.L.D.V.)
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Ashdot A, Kattan M, Kitayev A, Tal-Gutelmacher E, Amel A, Page M. Design Strategies for Alkaline Exchange Membrane-Electrode Assemblies: Optimization for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:686. [PMID: 34564503 PMCID: PMC8467945 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11090686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Production of hydrocarbon-based, alkaline exchange, membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA's) for fuel cells and electrolyzers is examined via catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) and gas-diffusion electrode (GDE) fabrication routes. The inability effectively to hot-press hydrocarbon-based ion-exchange polymers (ionomers) risks performance limitations due to poor interfacial contact, especially between GDE and membrane. The addition of an ionomeric interlayer is shown greatly to improve the intimacy of contact between GDE and membrane, as determined by ex situ through-plane MEA impedance measurements, indicated by a strong decrease in the frequency of the high-frequency zero phase angle of the complex impedance, and confirmed in situ with device performance tests. The best interfacial contact is achieved with CCM's, with the contact impedance decreasing, and device performance increasing, in the order GDE >> GDE+Interlayer > CCM. The GDE+interlayer fabrication approach is further examined with respect to hydrogen crossover and alkaline membrane electrolyzer cell performance. An interlayer strongly reduces the rate of hydrogen crossover without strongly decreasing electrolyzer performance, while crosslinking the ionomeric layer further reduces the crossover rate though also limiting device performance. The approach can be applied and built upon to improve the design and production of alkaline, and more generally, hydrocarbon-based MEA's and exchange membrane devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Ashdot
- Hydrolite Ltd., 2 Hatochen St., Caesaria 38900, Israel; (A.A.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (E.T.-G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan Institute of Technology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Mordechai Kattan
- Hydrolite Ltd., 2 Hatochen St., Caesaria 38900, Israel; (A.A.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (E.T.-G.)
| | - Anna Kitayev
- Hydrolite Ltd., 2 Hatochen St., Caesaria 38900, Israel; (A.A.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (E.T.-G.)
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan Institute of Technology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Ervin Tal-Gutelmacher
- Hydrolite Ltd., 2 Hatochen St., Caesaria 38900, Israel; (A.A.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (E.T.-G.)
| | - Alina Amel
- Hydrolite Ltd., 2 Hatochen St., Caesaria 38900, Israel; (A.A.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (E.T.-G.)
| | - Miles Page
- Hydrolite Ltd., 2 Hatochen St., Caesaria 38900, Israel; (A.A.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (E.T.-G.)
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