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Alcalde B, Elias G, Kolev SD, Méndez JA, Díez S, Oliver-Ortega H, Anticó E, Fontàs C. A Comprehensive Study on the Effect of Plasticizers on the Characteristics of Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs): Exploring Butyl Stearate as a Promising Alternative. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:19. [PMID: 38248709 PMCID: PMC10818669 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of various plasticizers commonly used in the manufacture of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), such as 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE), phthalates, adipates, and sebacates on the mechanical, thermal, and transport properties of membranes. Additionally, butyl stearate (BTS), chosen for its non-toxic nature compared to phthalates and its cost-effectiveness relative to adipates and sebacates, was evaluated as a plasticizer in PIMs for the first time. All plasticizers were incorporated in PIMs made of either cellulose triacetate (CTA) or poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as the base polymers and the task-specific ionic liquid trioctylmethylammonium thiosalicylate (TOMATS) as the carrier. The plasticizers were found to significantly affect the characteristics of membrane hydrophilicity, mechanical flexibility, and thermal stability. Transport experiments using Hg(II) as a model target ion revealed that, for CTA-based PIMs, the plasticizer did not significantly affect transport efficiency. However, for PVC-based PIMs, BTS exhibited better efficiency when compared to NPOE. These findings highlight the potential of BTS as an attractive alternative to currently used plasticizers in PVC-based PIM formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Alcalde
- Chemistry Department, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (B.A.); (G.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Gemma Elias
- Chemistry Department, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (B.A.); (G.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Spas D. Kolev
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kl. Ohridski”, 1 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - José Alberto Méndez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Girona, Edifici PI, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Sergi Díez
- Environmental Chemistry Department, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Helena Oliver-Ortega
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Colom 1, 08222 Terrassa, Spain;
- Institut d’Investigació Tèxtil i Cooperació Industrial de Terrassa (INTEXTER), C/Colom 15, 08222 Terrassa, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Anticó
- Chemistry Department, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (B.A.); (G.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Clàudia Fontàs
- Chemistry Department, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003 Girona, Spain; (B.A.); (G.E.); (E.A.)
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Kori AH, Jagirani MS, Soylak M. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: A Sustainable Material for Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) for Environmental Applications. ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2173221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed Kori
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saqaf Jagirani
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Soylak
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Technology Research and Application Center (TAUM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA), Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
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