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Grekhov A, Eremin Y. Dimensional Transformation of Percolation Structure in Mixed-Matrix Membranes (MMMs). MEMBRANES 2023; 13:798. [PMID: 37755220 PMCID: PMC10535494 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies of mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) have confirmed the possibility of obtaining new materials with unique transport properties, including for solving specific problems in the separation of mixtures of liquids and gases. The choice of particles with a given affinity for the matrix and separable components allows researchers to adjust the selective properties of MMMs in a wide range, which changes the properties of MMMs in a wide range. However, even within the framework of the most complex percolation mechanism of the formation of the MMM structure, it is possible to explain only some of the observed effects. In particular, questions about the required particle concentration and fluctuation of properties in various MMM samples are still the subject of research. The results of the numerical modeling of such structures presented in this paper determined the possible causes of the observed deviations of the experimental results, for example, particle size dispersion, agglomeration, and interaction with the matrix. According to our research, the key factor that qualitatively changes the parameters of percolation structures is the ratio of the geometric dimensions of the system. We have confirmed in a wide range a significant change in the conditions of cluster formation and its power at different particle diameters and lengths (traditional parameters in percolation studies). But in our work, we additionally studied the effect on the cluster parameters of the interfacial layer and the anisotropy of the matrix (the transition from the cube to the film). The results obtained show that changing the parameters of the matrix-particle interaction affects agglomeration, and the degradation of the percolation structure is possible. That is, with an increase in concentration, the parameters of the percolation cluster, its power, and the probability of formation, may decrease. But even more negative changes in percolation structures are observed during the transition from a volumetric matrix to films. The anisotropy of space leads to the formation of percolation through the film in certain areas at low concentrations of particles. At the same time, in a significant part of the matrix, percolation between the film surfaces will be absent, and the effect of changing the properties of MMMs in the matrix as a whole decreases. Our study explains the observed instability of MMM properties at fixed concentrations and parameters of embedded particles, including the effect of reducing the influence of particles with increasing concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Grekhov
- Molecular Physics Department, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, National Research Nuclear University, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Eremin
- Molecular Physics Department, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, National Research Nuclear University, 115409 Moscow, Russia
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Yushkin AA, Balynin AV, Nebesskaya AP, Chernikova EV, Muratov DG, Efimov MN, Karpacheva GP. Acrylonitrile-Acrylic Acid Copolymer Ultrafiltration Membranes for Selective Asphaltene Removal from Crude Oil. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:775. [PMID: 37755197 PMCID: PMC10538228 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultrafiltration membranes were developed via a nonsolvent-induced phase separation method for the removal of asphaltenes from crude oil. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and acrylonitrile copolymers with acrylic acid were used as membrane materials. Copolymerizing acrylonitrile with acrylic acid resulted in an improvement in the fouling resistance of the membranes. The addition of 10% of acrylic acid to the polymer chain decreases the water contact angle from 71° to 43°, reducing both the total fouling and irreversible fouling compared to membranes made from a PAN homopolymer. The obtained membranes with a pore size of 32-55 nm demonstrated a pure toluene permeance of 84.8-130.4 L/(m2·h·bar) and asphaltene rejection from oil/toluene solutions (100 g/L) of 33-95%. An analysis of the asphaltene rejection values revealed that the addition of acrylic acid increases the rejection values in comparison to PAN membranes with the same pore size. Our results suggest that the acrylonitrile-acrylic acid copolymer ultrafiltration membranes have promising potential for the efficient removal of asphaltenes from crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Yushkin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Alexey V. Balynin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Alexandra P. Nebesskaya
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Elena V. Chernikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy G. Muratov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail N. Efimov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Galina P. Karpacheva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
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Hu L, Chen K, Lee WI, Kisslinger K, Rumsey C, Fan S, Bui VT, Esmaeili N, Tran T, Ding Y, Trebbin M, Nam CY, Swihart MT, Lin H. Palladium-Percolated Networks Enabled by Low Loadings of Branched Nanorods for Enhanced H 2 Separations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2301007. [PMID: 37002918 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) at high loadings are often used in mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) to improve gas separation properties, but they can lead to defects and poor processability that impede membrane fabrication. Herein, it is demonstrated that branched nanorods (NRs) with controlled aspect ratios can significantly reduce the required loading to achieve superior gas separation properties while maintaining excellent processability, as demonstrated by the dispersion of palladium (Pd) NRs in polybenzimidazole for H2 /CO2 separation. Increasing the aspect ratio from 1 for NPs to 40 for NRs decreases the percolation threshold volume fraction by a factor of 30, from 0.35 to 0.011. An MMM with percolated networks formed by Pd NRs at a volume fraction of 0.039 exhibits H2 permeability of 110 Barrer and H2 /CO2 selectivity of 31 when challenged with simulated syngas at 200 °C, surpassing Robeson's upper bound. This work highlights the advantage of NRs over NPs and nanowires and shows that right-sizing nanofillers in MMMs is critical to construct highly sieving pathways at minimal loadings. This work paves the way for this general feature to be applied across materials systems for a variety of chemical separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiqing Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Won-Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Clayton Rumsey
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Shouhong Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Vinh T Bui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Narjes Esmaeili
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Thien Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Martin Trebbin
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment, and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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Kausar A, Ahmad I, Maaza M, Eisa MH. State-of-the-Art of Polymer/Fullerene C 60 Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Treatment: Conceptions, Structural Diversity and Topographies. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:27. [PMID: 36676834 PMCID: PMC9864887 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To secure existing water resources is one of the imposing challenges to attain sustainability and ecofriendly world. Subsequently, several advanced technologies have been developed for water treatment. The most successful methodology considered so far is the development of water filtration membranes for desalination, ion permeation, and microbes handling. Various types of membranes have been industrialized including nanofiltration, microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration membranes. Among polymeric nanocomposites, nanocarbon (fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotubes)-reinforced nanomaterials have gained research attention owing to notable properties/applications. Here, fullerene has gained important stance amid carbonaceous nanofillers due to zero dimensionality, high surface areas, and exceptional physical properties such as optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, and other characteristics. Accordingly, a very important application of polymer/fullerene C60 nanocomposites has been observed in the membrane sector. This review is basically focused on talented applications of polymer/fullerene nanocomposite membranes in water treatment. The polymer/fullerene nanostructures bring about numerous revolutions in the field of high-performance membranes because of better permeation, water flux, selectivity, and separation performance. The purpose of this pioneering review is to highlight and summarize current advances in the field of water purification/treatment using polymer and fullerene-based nanocomposite membranes. Particular emphasis is placed on the development of fullerene embedded into a variety of polymer membranes (Nafion, polysulfone, polyamide, polystyrene, etc.) and effects on the enhanced properties and performance of the resulting water treatment membranes. Polymer/fullerene nanocomposite membranes have been developed using solution casting, phase inversion, electrospinning, solid phase synthesis, and other facile methods. The structural diversity of polymer/fullerene nanocomposites facilitates membrane separation processes, especially for valuable or toxic metal ions, salts, and microorganisms. Current challenges and opportunities for future research have also been discussed. Future research on these innovative membrane materials may overwhelm design and performance-related challenging factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, iThemba LABS, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ishaq Ahmad
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, iThemba LABS, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
- NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advanced Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Malik Maaza
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology, iThemba LABS, Somerset West 7129, South Africa
| | - M. H. Eisa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia
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