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Sánchez-Arévalo CM, Aldegheri F, Vincent-Vela MC, Álvarez-Blanco S. Integrated Membrane Process in Organic Media: Combining Organic Solvent Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis to Purify and Concentrate the Phenolic Compounds from Wet Olive Pomace. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5233. [PMID: 38791271 PMCID: PMC11121570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds from a hydroalcoholic extract of wet olive pomace were purified and concentrated by an integrated membrane process in organic media. First, UF010104 (Solsep BV) and UP005 (Microdyn Nadir) membranes were tested to be implemented in the ultrafiltration stage, with the aim of purifying the extract and obtaining a permeate enriched in phenolic compounds. Despite the high flux observed with the UF010104 membrane (20.4 ± 0.7 L·h-1·m-2, at 2 bar), the UP005 membrane was selected because of a more suitable selectivity. Even though some secoiridoids were rejected, the permeate stream obtained with this membrane contained high concentrations of valuable simple phenols and phenolic acids, whereas sugars and macromolecules were retained. Then, the ultrafiltration permeate was subjected to a nanofiltration step employing an NF270 membrane (DuPont) for a further purification and fractionation of the phenolic compounds. The permeate flux was 50.2 ± 0.2 L·h-1·m-2, working at 15 bar. Hydroxytyrosol and some phenolic acids (such as vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid) were recovered in the permeate, which was later concentrated by reverse osmosis employing an NF90 membrane. The permeate flux obtained with this membrane was 15.3 ± 0.3 L·h-1·m-2. The concentrated phenolic mixture that was obtained may have important applications as a powerful antioxidant and for the prevention of diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M. Sánchez-Arévalo
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.S.-A.); (F.A.); (M.C.V.-V.)
| | - Fausto Aldegheri
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.S.-A.); (F.A.); (M.C.V.-V.)
| | - M. Cinta Vincent-Vela
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.S.-A.); (F.A.); (M.C.V.-V.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Blanco
- Research Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.S.-A.); (F.A.); (M.C.V.-V.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Casazza AA, Capraro M, Pedrazzi M, D’Agostino G, Onofri F, Marte A, De Tullio R, Perego P, Averna M. Temperature-Dependent Olive Pomace Extraction for Obtaining Bioactive Compounds Preventing the Death of Murine Cortical Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:907. [PMID: 38255981 PMCID: PMC10815748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
High-pressure and temperature extraction (HPTE) can effectively recover bioactive compounds from olive pomace (OP). HPTE extract obtained by extracting OP with ethanol and water (50:50 v/v) at 180 °C for 90 min demonstrated a pronounced ability to preserve intracellular calcium homeostasis, shielding neurons from the harmful effects induced by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) overactivation, such as aberrant calpain activation. In this study, the extraction temperature was changed from 37 to 180 °C, and the extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant potency and ability to preserve crucial intracellular Ca2+-homeostasis necessary for neuronal survival. Additionally, to verify the temperature-induced activity of the extract, further extractions on the exhausted olive pomace were conducted, aiming to identify variations in the quality and quantity of extracted phenolic molecules through HPLC analysis. The results revealed a significant increase in bioactive compounds as a function of temperature variation, reaching 6.31 ± 0.09 mgCAE/mL extract for the extraction performed at 180 °C. Subsequent extraction of the exhausted residues yielded extracts that remained active in preventing calcium-induced cell death. Moreover, despite increased antiradical power, extracts re-treated at 180 °C did not display cell protection activity. Our results indicate that the molecules able to maintain physiological Ca2+-homeostasis in murine cortical neurons in conditions of cytotoxic stimulation of NMDAR are wholly recovered from olive pomace only following extraction performed at 180 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Alberto Casazza
- Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genova, Italy; (A.A.C.); (G.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Michela Capraro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Marco Pedrazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Giulia D’Agostino
- Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genova, Italy; (A.A.C.); (G.D.); (P.P.)
- National Research Centre for Agricultural Technologies (CN AgriTech), 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Onofri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (R.D.T.)
- IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Marte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Roberta De Tullio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (R.D.T.)
| | - Patrizia Perego
- Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering, University of Genoa, 16145 Genova, Italy; (A.A.C.); (G.D.); (P.P.)
- National Research Centre for Agricultural Technologies (CN AgriTech), 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (M.P.); (F.O.); (A.M.); (R.D.T.)
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Cifuentes-Cabezas M, Álvarez-Blanco S, Mendoza-Roca JA, Vincent-Vela MC, Gozálvez-Zafrilla JM. Theoretical Model for the Prediction of Water Flux during the Concentration of an Olive Mill Wastewater Model Solution by Means of Forward Osmosis. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:745. [PMID: 37623806 PMCID: PMC10456235 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently, understanding the dynamics of the interaction between the agents in a process is one of the most important factors regarding its operation and design. Membrane processes for industrial wastewater management are not strangers to this topic. One such example is the concentration of compounds with high added value, such as the phenolic compounds present in olive mill wastewater (OMW). This process is a viable option, thanks to the forward osmosis (FO) process, osmotically driven by a saline stream. In this context, the transport of the solute and the solvent through the FO membranes, although essential to the process, remains problematic. This paper presents a study to predict, by means of a theoretical model, the water flux for two membranes (a cellulose triacetate flat sheet and a polyamide hollow fiber with integrated aquaporin proteins) with different characteristics using a sodium chloride solution as the draw solution (DS). The novelty of this model is the consideration of the contribution of organic compounds (in addition to the inorganic salts) to the osmotic pressure in the feed side. Moreover, the geometry of the modules and the characteristics of the membranes were also considered. The model was developed with the ability to run under different conditions, with or without tyrosol (the compound chosen as representative of OMW phenolic compounds) in the feed solution (FS), and was fitted and evaluated using experimental data. The results presented a variability in the model prediction, which was a function of both the membrane used and the FS and DS, with a greater influence of tyrosol observed on the permeate flux in the flat cellulose triacetate membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cifuentes-Cabezas
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
| | - Silvia Álvarez-Blanco
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Antonio Mendoza-Roca
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Cinta Vincent-Vela
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Gozálvez-Zafrilla
- Institute for Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (S.Á.-B.)
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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