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Mustafa G, Zahid MT, Kurade MB, Alvi A, Ullah F, Yadav N, Park HK, Khan MA, Jeon BH. Microalgal and activated sludge processing for biodegradation of textile dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123902. [PMID: 38580061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The textile industry contributes substantially to water pollution. To investigate bioremediation of dye-containing wastewater, the decolorization and biotransformation of three textile azo dyes, Red HE8B, Reactive Green 27, and Acid Blue 29, were considered using an integrated remediation approach involving the microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana and activated sludge (ACS). At a 5 mg L-1 dye concentration, using C. mexicana and ACS alone, decolorization percentages of 39%-64% and 52%-54%, respectively, were obtained. In comparison, decolorization percentages of 75%-79% were obtained using a consortium of C. mexicana and ACS. The same trend was observed for the decolorization of dyes at higher concentrations, but the potential for decolorization was low. The toxic azo dyes adversely affect the growth of microalgae and at high concentration 50 mg L-1 the growth rate inhibited to 50-60% as compared to the control. The natural textile wastewater was also treated with the same pattern and got promising results of decolorization (90%). Moreover, the removal of BOD (82%), COD (72%), TN (64%), and TP (63%) was observed with the consortium. The HPLC and GC-MS confirm dye biotransformation, revealing the emergence of new peaks and the generation of multiple metabolites with more superficial structures, such as N-hydroxy-aniline, naphthalene-1-ol, and sodium hydroxy naphthalene. This analysis demonstrates the potential of the C. mexicana and ACS consortium for efficient, eco-friendly bioremediation of textile azo dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Tariq Zahid
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea; Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mayur Bharat Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Aliya Alvi
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nikita Yadav
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonis Ali Khan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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Abioye KJ, Harun NY, Sufian S, Yusuf M, Jagaba AH, Waqas S, Ayodele BV, Kamyab H, Alam M, Gupta M, Gill HS, Rezania S, Chelliapan S, Kang K. Optimization of syngas production from co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake and alum sludge: An RSM approach with char characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118027. [PMID: 38159670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The study explores co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake and alum sludge, investigating the correlation between input variables and syngas production. Operating variables, including temperature (700-900 °C), air flow rate (10-30 mL/min), and particle size (0.25-2 mm), were optimized to maximize syngas production using air as the gasification agent in a fixed bed horizontal tube furnace reactor. Response Surface Methodology with the Box-Behnken design was used employed for optimization. Fourier Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) analyses were used to analyze the char residue. The results showed that temperature and particle size have positive effects, while air flow rate has a negative effect on the syngas yield. The optimal CO + H2 composition of 39.48 vol% was achieved at 900 °C, 10 mL/min air flow rate, and 2 mm particle size. FTIR analysis confirmed the absence of C─Cl bonds and the emergence of Si─O bonds in the optimized char residue, distinguishing it from the raw sample. FESEM analysis revealed a rich porous structure in the optimized char residue, with the presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and aluminosilicates. These findings provide valuable insights for sustainable energy production from biomass wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunmi Joshua Abioye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre of Urbanization and Resource Sustainability, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia.
| | - Noorfidza Yub Harun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Centre of Urbanization and Resource Sustainability, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia.
| | - Suriati Sufian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Clean Energy Technologies Research Institute (CETRI), Process Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, 3737 Wascana Parkway, S4S 0A2, Canada; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharjeel Waqas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Bamidele Victor Ayodele
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Process Systems Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Manawwer Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Gupta
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Harjot Singh Gill
- University Centre for Research & Development, Mechanical Department, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kang Kang
- Biorefinery Research Institute and Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
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Osama A, Kinnawy MA, Moussa MS, Riechelmann C, Hosney H. Mathematical modelling and comparative analysis of treatment technologies for upgrading wastewater treatment plants: A case study of biofilm reactors in El-Gouna, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117008. [PMID: 37669734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) have been preferred to conventional processes with suspended biomass. The main reason for this preference is that it can achieve better removal efficiencies than conventional systems with smaller footprints. However, unlocking the full potential of MBBRs in large-scale WWTPs remains challenging in real life. In this study, the performance of three different treatment technologies, Extended Aeration Activated Sludge (EAAS), Hybrid Fixed Bed Biofilm Reactor (HFBBR), and Hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (HMBBR), was investigated over a year in a WWTP located in El-Gouna, Egypt. The COD removal efficiencies of the three systems were comparable, with the EAAS achieving 93.5%, HFBBR 94%, and HMBRR 95%. Nevertheless, the NH4 removal efficiency of the EAAS was slightly lower (97.5%) than that of the HFBBR and the HMBBR, that achieved a removal efficiency of 98%. BioWin Software was able to mimic the real case of the WWTP of El-Gouna and critically defined all plant limitations and operational data. Different simulations were modeled to test the hydraulic and organic loading capacities of the three systems under different scenarios and operating conditions. The HMBBR system failed to withstand the increase in organic load because of the biomass sloughing effect and subsequently high TSS loads in the settlers. Biomass sloughing overloaded the settlers and lead to biomass loss in the effluent. As the settleability of the HMBBR sludge was significantly lower than for the HFBBR the TSS loss in the effluent happened that much earlier that the moving carrier application had an adverse effect contradicting with the primary purpose of adding media carriers. Model simulations and data analysis findings were used to recommend the most suitable configuration for upgrading an existing system using the attached growth technique with all kinetic parameters and operational conditions. The recommended configuration focuses mainly on the separation of plastic media in a compartment with a very low hydraulic retention time to absorb the incoming shock load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrakat Osama
- Environmental Engineering Program, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohab A Kinnawy
- Sustainable Development Center, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt
| | - Moustafa S Moussa
- Sustainable Development Center, Zewail City of Science and Technology, 12578, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Engineering Mataria, Helwan University, 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Carsten Riechelmann
- Department of Urban Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hadeel Hosney
- Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2601, DA, Delft, the Netherlands.
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