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Valério R, Brazinha C, Crespo JG. Comparative Analysis of Bio-Vanillin Recovery from Bioconversion Media Using Pervaporation and Vacuum Distillation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:801. [PMID: 36005716 PMCID: PMC9416510 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for natural products has led to biotechnological vanillin production, which requires the recovery of vanillin (and vanillyl alcohol at trace concentrations, as in botanical vanillin) from the bioconversion broth, free from potential contaminants: the substrate and metabolites of bioconversion. This work discusses the recovery and fractionation of bio-vanillin, from a bioconversion broth, by pervaporation and by vacuum distillation, coupled with fractionated condensation. The objective was to recover vanillin free of potential contaminants, with maximised fluxes and selectivity for vanillin against water and minimised energy consumption per mass of vanillin recovered. In vacuum distillation fractionated condensation, adding several consecutive water pulses to the feed increased the percentage of recovered vanillin. In pervaporation-fractionated condensation and vacuum distillation-fractionated condensation processes, it was possible to recover vanillin and traces of vanillyl alcohol without the presence of potential contaminants. Vacuum distillation-experiments presented higher vanillin fluxes than pervaporation fractionated condensation experiments, 2.7 ± 0.1 g·m-2 h-1 and 1.19 ± 0.01 g·m-2 h-1, respectively. However, pervaporation fractionated condensation assures a selectivity of vanillin against water of 4.5 on the pervaporation step (acting as a preconcentration step) and vacuum distillation fractionated condensation requires a higher energy consumption per mass of vanillin recovered when compared with pervaporation- fractionated condensation, 2727 KWh kgVAN-1 at 85 °C and 1361 KWh kgVAN-1 at 75 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Valério
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carla Brazinha
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João G. Crespo
- LAQV-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Olea F, Merlet G, Araya-López C, Cabezas R, Villarroel E, Quijada-Maldonado E, Romero J. Separation of vanillin by perstraction using hydrophobic ionic liquids as extractant phase: Analysis of mass transfer and screening of ILs via COSMO-RS. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Evolution of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors over the Last 20 Years: A State of the Art Perspective. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The research on photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) started around the year 2000 with the study of wastewater treatment by degradation reactions of recalcitrant organic pollutants, and since then the evolution of our scientific knowledge has increased significantly, broadening interest in reactions such as the synthesis of organic chemicals. In this paper, we focus on some initial problems and how they have been solved/reduced over time to improve the performance of processes in PMRs. Some know-how gained during these last two decades of research concerns decreasing/avoiding the degradation of the polymeric membranes, improving photocatalyst reuse, decreasing membrane fouling, enhancing visible light photocatalysts, and improving selectivity towards the reaction product(s) in synthesis reactions (partial oxidation and reduction). All these aspects are discussed in detail in this review. This technology seems quite mature in the case of water and wastewater treatment using submerged photocatalytic membrane reactors (SPMRs), while for applications concerning synthesis reactions, additional knowledge is required.
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Abstract
In the present work, dialysis was used to recover vanillin while being produced by partial photocatalytic oxidation of ferulic acid in an aqueous solution at ambient temperature. The relatively high value of the permeate flux through a dense polyether-block amide membrane allowed continuously extracting vanillin from the reacting solution, thus avoiding its successive oxidation. The rate of vanillin formation was improved, compared to other reactor configurations, because intermediate compounds permeated from the reacting solution and did not hinder the reaction, while ferulic acid permeated in the opposite direction to partially replenish the reactor with the substrate. The photocatalytic membrane reactor obtained by the effective coupling of dialysis with the photocatalytic reaction improved the production yield. For instance, with the utilized experimental set up, the total amount of vanillin produced after 5 h in the membrane reactor was more than one-third higher than in the photocatalytic reactor without dialysis. The results obtained with a mathematical model agree with the experimentally observed behavior. The model allowed estimating vanillin diffusivity in the membrane and showed that concentration polarization might limit the process.
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Bellardita M, Camera-Roda G, Loddo V, Parrino F, Palmisano L. Coupling of membrane and photocatalytic technologies for selective formation of high added value chemicals. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ciriminna R, Fidalgo A, Meneguzzo F, Parrino F, Ilharco LM, Pagliaro M. Vanillin: The Case for Greener Production Driven by Sustainability Megatrend. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:660-667. [PMID: 31172003 PMCID: PMC6547943 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Approaching the end of the second decade of the 21st century, almost the whole demand of vanillin is met by the synthetic product obtained either via a petrochemical process starting from phenol and glyoxylic acid or from energy intensive alkaline oxidative depolymerization of lignin. Only a minor fraction is comprised of natural vanillin obtained from ferulic acid fermentation, and even less of highly valued Vanilla planifolia extracts. Are there alternative green production methods? And, if yes, are they suitable to find practical application?
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNRvia U. La Malfa 15390146PalermoItaly
| | - Alexandra Fidalgo
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Francesco Meneguzzo
- Istituto di Biometeorologia, CNRvia Madonna del Piano 1050019Sesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Francesco Parrino
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 938123TrentoItaly
| | - Laura M. Ilharco
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNRvia U. La Malfa 15390146PalermoItaly
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Overview of Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors in Organic Synthesis, Energy Storage and Environmental Applications. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of recent reports on photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) in organic synthesis as well as water and wastewater treatment. A brief introduction to slurry PMRs and the systems equipped with photocatalytic membranes (PMs) is given. The methods of PM production are also presented. Moreover, the process parameters affecting the performance of PMRs are characterized. The applications of PMRs in organic synthesis are discussed, including photocatalytic conversion of CO2, synthesis of KA oil by photocatalytic oxidation, conversion of acetophenone to phenylethanol, synthesis of vanillin and phenol, as well as hydrogen production. Furthermore, the configurations and applications of PMRs for removal of organic contaminants from model solutions, natural water and municipal or industrial wastewater are described. It was concluded that PMRs represent a promising green technology; however, before the application in industry, additional studies are still required. These should be aimed at improvement of process efficiency, mainly by development and application of visible light active photocatalysts and novel membranes resistant to the harsh conditions prevailing in these systems.
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Parrino F, Bellardita M, García-López EI, Marcì G, Loddo V, Palmisano L. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Selective Formation of High-Value-Added Molecules: Some Chemical and Engineering Aspects. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Parrino
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M. Bellardita
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - E. I. García-López
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - G. Marcì
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - V. Loddo
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - L. Palmisano
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Ciriminna R, Delisi R, Parrino F, Palmisano L, Pagliaro M. Tuning the photocatalytic activity of bismuth wolframate: towards selective oxidations for the biorefinery driven by solar-light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018. [PMID: 28631780 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sol-gel entrapment of nanostructured Bi2WO6 enhances the activity and the selectivity of the short-gap semiconductor in the sunlight-driven photo-oxidation of trans-ferulic and trans-cinnamic acid dissolved in water with air as the primary oxidant. Valuable products such as vanillin, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and vanillic acid are obtained. This provides the proof of concept that photocatalysis could be a promising technology in tomorrow's solar biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
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Molinari R, Lavorato C, Argurio P. Recent progress of photocatalytic membrane reactors in water treatment and in synthesis of organic compounds. A review. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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